AP Biology 2011 Free-Response Questions Form B
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1 AP Biology 2011 Free-Response Questions Form B About the College Board The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board was created to expand access to higher education. Today, the membership association is made up of more than 5,900 of the world s leading educational institutions and is dedicated to promoting excellence and equity in education. Each year, the College Board helps more than seven million students prepare for a successful transition to college through programs and services in college readiness and college success including the SAT and the Advanced Placement Program. The organization also serves the education community through research and advocacy on behalf of students, educators and schools. College Board, Advanced Placement Program, AP, AP Central, SAT and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. Admitted Class Evaluation Service and inspiring minds are trademarks owned by the College Board. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Visit the College Board on the Web: Permission to use copyrighted College Board materials may be requested online at: AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.com.
2 Directions: Answer all questions. BIOLOGY SECTION II Time 1 hour and 30 minutes Answers must be in essay form. Outline form is not acceptable. Labeled diagrams may be used to supplement discussion, but in no case will a diagram alone suffice. It is important that you read each question completely before you begin to write. Write all your answers on the pages following the questions in the goldenrod booklet. 1. The cell cycle is fundamental to the reproduction of eukaryotic cells. (a) Describe the phases of the cell cycle. (b) Explain the role of THREE of the following in mitosis or cytokinesis. " Kinetochores " Microtubules " Motor proteins " Actin filaments (c) Describe how the cell cycle is regulated and discuss ONE consequence of abnormal regulation. 2. Ecological succession describes the pattern of changes in communities over time. The graph below shows changes in plant diversity following the abandonment of an agricultural field in a temperate biome. (a) Discuss the differences in plant diversity shown in the graph and explain how the changes affect the animal species composition between years 0 and 120. (b) Identify TWO biotic and TWO abiotic factors and discuss how each could influence the pattern of ecological succession. (c) Design a controlled experiment to determine how the diversity of plant species in a newly abandoned field would be affected by large herbivores. -2-
3 3. Invasive species, such as red fire ants, introduced into an ecosystem often threaten native plants and animals. (a) Describe THREE different factors that contribute to the success of invasive species in an ecosystem. (b) Discuss THREE ways that an invasive species can affect its new ecosystem. (c) The map indicates the spread of the red fire ant after its initial entrance into the United States at the port of Mobile, Alabama, in the 1930s. Discuss TWO environmental factors that might have determined the pattern of fire ant invasion. (d) Discuss TWO possible methods of eradicating or slowing the spread of these ants, including the environmental consequences of each method. -3-
4 4. Phylogeny reflects the evolutionary history of organisms. (a) Discuss TWO mechanisms of speciation that lead to the development of separate species from a common ancestor. (b) Explain THREE methods that have been used to investigate the phylogeny of organisms. Describe a strength or weakness of each method. (c) The two phylogenetic trees represent the relationship of whales to six other mammals. All of the organisms shown have a pulley-shaped astragalus bone in the ankle except for the whale. For each tree, describe a monophyletic group, the closest relative to the whale, and the point at which the pulley astragalus was lost or gained. Based on the principle of parsimony (the simplest explanation is the best) and the genomic information in the table shown, identify which tree is the best representation of the evolutionary relationship of these animals, and justify your answer. -4-
5 DATA ON PRESENCE OF SPECIFIC DNA SEQUENCES + sequence present sequence absent? undetermined Locus Cow Deer +? Whale ? + +? + Hippo? ? + Pig??? + + Peccary???????????? + Camel END OF EXAM -5-
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