Medicinal Plants of the World

Transcription

1 Medicinal Plants of the World

2 Medicinal Plants of the World Chemical Constituents, Traditional and Modern Medicinal Uses Volume 2 By Ivan A. Ross Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

3 ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Humana Press Inc. in 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise without written permission from the Publisher. Methods in Molecular Biology'" is a trademark of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. All authored papers, comments, opinions, conclusions, or recommendations are those oflhe author(s), and do nol necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. The author assumes no responsibility for, makes no warranty with respect to results that may be obtained from the uses or dosages listed, and does not necessarily endorse such uses, dosages, or procedures. The author is not liable to any person whatsoever for any damage resulting from reliance on any information contained herein, whether with respect to plant identification, uses, procedures, dosages, or by reason of any misstatement or error contained in this work. The author recognizes that there are differences in varieties of plants, the geographical location in which they are grown, growing conditions, stage of maturity, and method of harvesting and preparation. This publication is printed on acid-free paper. GU ANSI Z (American Standards Institute) Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. Cover design by Patricia F. Cleary For additional copies, pricing for bulk purchases, and/or information about other Humana titles, contact Humana at the above address or at any of the following numbers: Tel.: ; Fax: ; humana@humanapr.com; or visit our Website: Photocopy Authorization Policy: Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, provided that the base fee of US $10.00 per copy, plus US $00.25 per page, is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center at 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license from the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged and is acceptable to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. The fee code for users ofthe Transactional Reporting Service is: [ /01 $ $00.25] Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Medicinal plants of the world:chemical constituents, traditional and modem medicinal usesl by Ivan Ross. p. em. Includes index. I. Medicinal plants--encyclopedias. I. Title. RS164.R '.32--dc CIP

4 Preface This second volume of the series Medicinal Plants of the World contains information on 24 plant species and 3225 references. It follows the pattern of the previous volume, which was warmly received in the scientific communities around the world. The reviews in the leading scientific periodicals commended the plan of work and offered suggestions for improvement. I have made use of those suggestions in this second volume of Medicinal Plants of the World, and I appreciated those suggestions since they were an encouragement to me in the continuation of this work. After learning of the need for more information regarding medicinal plants, I felt obligated to intensify my efforts to continue this work speedily, while at the same time maintaining its essential standards and character as a standard reference book. Readers of the previous volume have pointed out the need for an index and for references to the chemical constituents. These needs have been met in this volume. There were also questions about the criteria for the choice of the plants. The volume of rapidly proliferating literature made it very difficult to decide on the plants to discuss. The criteria used in final selection of plants were the distribution and uses of the plant in developing countries where they are needed as a primary source of medicine, the amount of information available on the plant, and consumer interest. I am grateful to all those who have contributed to this book. I count myself as greatly privileged to have their collaboration since their wisdom has made this possible. I wish to record my grateful appreciation of the cooperation that has been extended to me by the administrators of the NAPRALERT database at the University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA; The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, NY USA for access to the herbarium, and to Mrs. Richter and the staff at Richter's, The Herb Specialists, Goodwood, Ontario, Canada for their hospitality while photographing some of the plants in this volume. My appreciation goes to scientists around the world for their dedication to the exploration of the medicinal values of plants and for sharing their knowledge. Thanks also to those colleagues and friends who have helped with criticism and suggestions. I am especially grateful to Danna Owens and Louise Joseph for their work on the manuscript, and to Jennifer Carroll for editing the project. I sincerely hope that this series will help promote healthier nations, a better appreciation and utilization of plants, and more research to further medicine. As in the case of the previous volume, every effort has been made to present all available information up to the time of publication. Again, suggestions for improvement will be gratefully received and made use of in subsequent volumes. Ivan A. Ross v

5 Contents Preface v 1 Allium cepa Common Names... 1 Botanical Description... 2 Origin and Distribution... 2 Traditional Medicinal Uses... 2 Chemical Constituents... 3 Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials... 6 References Althaea officina/is Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Anacardium occidentale Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Ananas comosus Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References vii

6 viii Contents 5 Angelica sinensis 6 Azadirachta indica Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References..., Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Echinacea angustifolia 8 Ephedra sinica 9 Eucalyptus globulus Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Common Names Botanical Description O rigin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological A ctivities and Clinical Trials References Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References

7 Contents ix 1 0 Ginkgo bi/oba Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Glycyrrhiza glabra Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Hypericum perforatum Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References l.aurus nobilis Common Names Botanical Description O rigin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological A ctivities and Clinical Trials References l. ycopersicon esculentum Common N ames Botanical D escription O ri gin and Distribution Traditional M edicinal U ses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References

8 x Contents 15 Matricaria chamomilla Common Names..., Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Morinda citrifolia Common Names Botanical Description... ; Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Musa sapientum Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Myristica fragrans Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Nelumbo nucifera Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References

9 Contents xi 20 Pimpinella anisum Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Ricinus communis Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Tanacetum parthenium Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological A ctivities and Clinical Trials References Tribulus terrestris Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal Uses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activities and Clinical Trials References Vitex agnus-castus Common Names Botanical Description Origin and Distribution Traditional Medicinal U ses Chemical Constituents Pharmacological Activity and Clinical Trials References

10 xii Cross Reference Glossary Index

11 List of Color Plates Color plates appear as an insert following page 242. Plate 1. Allium cepa. Plate 2. Althaea officina/is. Plate 3. Anacardium occidentale. Plate 4. Ananas comosus. Plate 5. Angelica sinensis. Plate 6. Azadirachta indica. Plate 7. Echinacea angustifolia. Plate 8. Ephedra sinica. Plate 9. Eucalyptus globulus. Plate 10. Ginkgo biloba. Plate 11. Glycyrrhiza glabra. Plate 12. Hypericum perforatum. Plate 13. Laurus nobilis. Plate 14. Lycopersicon esculentum. Plate 15. Matricaria chamomilla. Plate 16. Morinda citrifolia. Plate 17. Musa sapientum. Plate 18. Myristicafragrans. Plate 19. Nelumbo nucifera. Plate 20. Pimpinella anisum. Plate 21. Ricinus communis. Plate 22. Tanacetum parthenium. Plate 23. Tribulus terrestris. Plate 24. Bitex agnus-castus. xiii