How To Restore Mangrove In Indonesia

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Stella Mitchell
3 years ago
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1 post-tsunami mangrove rehabilitation in north sumatera and riau provinces a photo essay

2 The first 18 months of the project focused on mangrove areas in; Langkat Regency - North Sumatera (503 hectares) and Bengkalis Island - Riau Province (81 hectares). During the project; 40,000 seedlings were actively planted, 48 hectares of hydrological alterations were undertaken which will result in 120,000 new trees. 1,460,000 mangrove trees will be conserved due to this project.

During the project; 40,000 seedlings were actively planted, 48 hectares of hydrological

3 Part Two - Bengkalis Island - Riau Province The project began with the creation of a mangrove atlas including suggested areas for community co-management.

4 MAP s local NGO partners Yayasan Laksana Samudera, in partnership with a CB- CRM project called Co-Fish established 10 mangrove stewardship groups (30 members/group) along the Jangkang and Kembung rivers based on recommendations made in the atlas (stewardship areas totalling 300 hectares in red)

(30 members/group) along the Jangkang and Kembung rivers based on

5 MAP-Indonesia partnered with three local stewardship groups in a mangrove rehabilitation and sustainable utilization program. Fisherfolk Steward Group Coastal Abrasion Control (3 ha.) Belukap Steward Group Rehabilitation of charcoal production area (37 hectares) Green Earth Steward Group Coastal Abrasion Control (3 ha.) & Silviculture (45 ha.)

Fisherfolk Steward Group Coastal Abrasion Control (3 ha.

6 Belukap Group Rehab Plan Belukap focused on rehabilitation of the hydrology of their 37 hectare plot. This area had previously been disturbed by clear-felling for charcoal production, and building of a dike wall for transportation. The group decided to restore four tidal creeks by deepening and reconnecting to both Kembung river and terrestrial surface water sources without damaging the dike, as well as clearing Acrostichum aureum which has grown on high turves left behind by the charcoal operation. Weir Rambai Creek Ditch/Trench Tidal Flow Ditch Ditch/Trench Dike Wall Dulah Pengkor Creek Border of Belukap Conservation Area Border with Healthy Mangrove Forest Sisipan Creek Raised Foot Path Border of Replanted Area Misman Creek Kembung River Legal Border of Rehab Area Acrostichum aureum cleared Rambai Creek

The group decided to restore four tidal creeks by deepening and reconnecting to both Kembung river and terrestrial surface water sources without damaging the dike, as well as clearing Acrostichum

7 Belukap Group Preparation of the area included reconnecting tidal creeks to their sources and levelling of Acrostichum aureum mounds which had developed after clear-felling of mangroves for charcoal production. The four restored tidal creeks (Misman, Dulah Pengkor, Rambai and Sisipan) are each managed families of the same names, who maintain fisheries rights over the creeks.

8 Belukap Group 15,000 seedlings of 10 species were raised in nurseries for a comparison study between natural re vegetation and mangrove planting.

9 Belukap Group Area after hydrological restoration exhibiting both natural regrowth and hand-planted seedlings at 2500 seedlings/hectare

10 Belukap Group Restored mangroves growing in areas where Acrostichum aureum was cleared benefiting from increased water due to restored tidal channels

11 Bumi Hijau Group A major issue on the east coast of Bengkalis island is abrasion. There is no guarantee that mangroves will be able to abate this natural process, but local communities are afraid for their agricultural and village lands and requested information on how to reforest abraded coastline.

There is no guarantee that mangroves will be able to abate this natural

12 Bumi Hijau Group The Riley Encased Method was adapted by using bamboo to provide temporary shelter and an artificially high substrate for developing seedlings. Naturally developing seedlings were found along the coast and the substrate height used as a reference or datum for filling bamboo with dirt in order to create provide the seedling with the right amount of tidal inundation. Seven species of mangrove were planted in whole bamboos. One year after planting survivorship is over 90%. The method is now being tested by other stewardship groups. Reference substrate height established by locating naturally developing seedlings (top left), cut bamboo and seedling needed for planting (top right), three steps to planting encased in bamboo, the bamboo is tied with string to hold the substrate inside (bottom right).

amount of tidal inundation. Seven species of mangrove were planted in whole bamboos. One year after planting survivorship is over 90%. The method is now being tested by other stewardship groups.

13 Bumi Hijau Group - Riley Encased Methedology

14 Bumi Hijau Group Bumi hijau was engaged in hydrological restoration before meeting MAP. The group was in the process of reforesting 45 hectares of mangrove area as a silviculture plot, providing straight Rhizophora apiculata poles for building materials and raw materials to charcoal producers. This restoration work was continued with MAP support. MAP is currently looking for support to send the group to West Kalimantan to for an 18 day workshop on sustainable charcoal and charcoal vinegar production. It is our belief that if charcoal production is going to take place in the region, it is best to support the development a sustainable community managed system.

and raw materials to charcoal producers. This restoration work was continued with MAP support.

15 Development of sustainable livelihood alternatives in Bengkalis island began with production of virgin coconut oil. Cocoanut palms are plentiful on the island, with a price of between $ per coconut. Production of one liter of virgin coconut oil requires 15 coconuts but can be sold directly to Malaysia for $30 raising the price of each coconut to $2.00. The stewardship groups are trying out mangrove clam fattening pens inside of the mangrove forest as a second livelihood alternative. Sustainable Livelihood Development

Production of one liter of virgin coconut oil requires 15 coconuts but can be sold directly to Malaysia for $30 raising the price of

16 MAP will continue to work with stewardship groups of the Kembung and Jangkang rivers in developing capacity for community based mangrove management, mangrove restoration and development of sustainable livelihood alternatives. The goal is to spread the program to three additional stewardship groups over the next two years, and undertake mangrove rehabilitation in disused shrimp ponds in the area. MAP Indonesia would like to thank its supporters - Zoological Society of London - Global Greengrants - Working Assets - USAID Environmental Service Program - Christensen Foundation - Lumpkin Foundation - Marisla Foundation - Rainforest Information Center

The goal is to spread the program to three additional stewardship groups over the next two years, and undertake mangrove rehabilitation in disused shrimp ponds in

Community Based Ecological Mangrove Rehabilitation and Subsequent Development of Adaptive Collaborative Mangrove Ecosystem Management ABSTRACT

Community Based Ecological Mangrove Rehabilitation and Subsequent Development of Adaptive Collaborative Mangrove Ecosystem Management Ben Brown and Yusran Nurdin Massa, Restoring Coastal Livelihoods ABSTRACT