Ancient Studies History -- Unit 2 -- Study Guide Sparta/Athens

Transcription

1 Unit 2: SPARTA & ATHENS Due Date Reading Topic Ancient Studies History -- Unit 2 -- Study Guide M 9/21 ASG Hughes: The Spartans T 9/22 WW 1-4 Plutarch: Sparta s Peculiar Society WW 5-8 Plutarch: Growing Up Spartan Student Name: W 9/23 CWRA-library ACHILLES PAPER REVISIONS DUE! Th 9/24 ASG Hughes: The Spartans ASG Hughes: Athens F 9/25 ASG Pfingsten: Athenian Democracy: Solon & Cleisthenes WW 9-11 Herodotus: Croesus & Solon M 9/28 ASG Harrison: Biography of Cleisthenes ASG 1-4 Harrison: The Birth of Democracy T 9/29 ASG 4-9 Harrison: The Birth of Democracy ASG Harrison: The Golden Age W * 9/30 HISTORY PAPER #2 In Class Essay Essay Options for In-Class Writing on Wednesday, September 30 Option1: Comparison of Spartan and Athenian Women In the introduction to her documentary on The Spartans, historian Bettany Hughes declares, I need to confess that I m particularly attracted to the Spartans because of their women. She adds, I would just love to spend one day as a Spartan girl (Hughes, ASG 48). As you consider all that you know about Greek women, do you share in Hughes attraction to the women of Sparta? Would you too prefer to live the life of a Spartan woman over the lives of any other Greek women? In order to develop your response, you should compare and contrast the lives of Spartan women with the lives of women from Athens and other Greek cities. In particular, you should address the following three criteria for comparison: Education and Upbringing Marriage Rituals and Family Life Role in Public Life & Contributions to the City Option 2: Comparison of Spartan and Athenian Lawgivers Compare and contrast the societies of Sparta and Athens. What needs did the lawgiver Lycurgus attempt to address with his reforms in Sparta in the 600s BC? And what type of society did he

2 create? What needs did the lawgivers Solon and Cleisthenes attempt to address with their reforms in Athens in the 500s BC? And what type of society did they create?

3 Due: Monday, 9/21 ASG ASG Hughes The Spartans Lycurgus & the Pursuit of Perfection Political and social revolution Inscription at Thermopylae Perfect state, perfect warriors Rights & duties of citizens Sparta as savior of the Western World 1100 BCE followed by Dark Ages Eurotas River & Taygetus Mountains Dual Kingship Messenians Helots Tyrtaeus Hoplite warfare as a team effort Enslavement of Messenians by 650 Principles of the perfect society and of hoplite warfare Lycurgus Sparta as a military training camp Apothetai Agoge Encouragement of stealing Krypteia Rites of passage Election to a common mess Homioi Attitude toward wealth Spartan diet Social contract for citizens

4 Due: Tuesday, 9/22 WW 1-8 WW 1-4 Plutarch - Sparta s Peculiar Society Features of Spartan society as described by a biographer of the lawgiver Lycurgus. The equality of property and the absence of usable currency. The emphasis on simplicity and practicality. The importance of communal meals. The education of boys at these common meals. How would Spartan customs shape attitudes toward individuals and toward the state? Which was more important? Do any aspects of Spartan society remind you of boarding school? Do any aspects of Spartan society differ greatly from your own experience? WW 508 Plutarch - Growing Up Spartan The birth and upbringing of Spartan boys in an effort to make them effective soldiers for the state. The original determination whether a child was fit to live. The education of boys beginning at age seven. Military training and the importance of discipline. The role of older men in the education of boys. The roe of theft and punishment. The importance of physical toughness. How did Spartan child rearing and education reflect the military values of the city-state? Do any aspects of Spartan education remind you of boarding school? Do any aspects of Spartan education differ greatly from your own experience?

5 Due: Th 9/24 ASG & ASG ASG Hughes The Spartans Spartan & Athenian Women The problem with Athenian politics Eunomia Spartan emphasis on common good, duty, and cohesion Roles for Athenian women Visibility of Spartan women Wise restraint for Athenian women Marriage by Capture Production of warriors Gynocratia & Kyniska Enforcement of the warrior ethic With your shield, or on it ASG Hughes Athens: The Truth About Democracy Underside of Athens Athens as a radical place Athenian militarism, slavery, and subordination of women Perfect white columns as a metaphor Silver at Laurion Slavery in Athens Athens dark underside Population barred from voting Women and demones

6 Due: Friday, 9/25 ASG & WW 9-11 ASG Pfingsten - Athenian Democracy: Solon and Cleisthenes Monarchy Oligarchy Constitutional governments Coups overthrowing Greek monarchies Tyrants Horos Debt slavery Archons Areopagus Solon Abolition of debt slavery Solon s political solutions Qualifications for political power Voting rights for all citizens Solon s relinquishment of power Pisistratus Hippias Cleisthenes Program of reform and justice Isagoras Popular revolt in Athens World s first democracy Ostracism Athenian General Assembly Spartan General Assembly Spartan social programming and militarism (continue to next page)

7 Due: Friday, 9/25 continued Ancient Studies History -- Unit 2 -- Study Guide WW 9-11 Herodotus - East Meets West: Croesus and Solon The meeting between the Athenian statesman Solon and the wealthy Lydian king Croesus, who wants validation as the happiest man alive. Solon cites very different definitions of happiness than Croesus expects, emphasizing the importance of a happy end to one s life. Solon s warning that God is envious of human prosperity and often brings the mighty down low. What definition of happiness does the non-greek Croesus hope to hear? What lesson does Solon draw from his story about Tellus? What made him happy? What lesson does Solon draw from his story about Cleobis and Biton: What made them happy? And what definition of happiness does Solon offer to Croesus? How does Solon s advice to Croesus compare with Achilles comments to Priam (Iliad Book )?

8 Due: Monday, 9/28 ASG & ASG 1-4 ASG Harrison - Biography of Cleisthenes Solon Eunomia Council of Four Hundred Pisistratus Hippias Hipparchos Overthrow of Hippias Isagoras Cleisthenes sweeping reforms Spartan intervention Oligarchy Cleomenes Full-scale revolt Cleisthenes recall from exile General Assembly Direct Democracy ASG 1-4 Harrison The Birth of Democracy Development of Athens most extraordinary two centuries in history Croesus Aristocrat injustice Physical world of Greece city-states Sparta Homer & heroic ideal Achilles

9 Due: Tuesday, 9/29 ASG 4-9 & ASG ASG 4-9 Harrison The Birth of Democracy Revolution in Athens olives & Athenian economy vase painting & Athenian potters Hippias tyranny conspiracy Olympics meritocracy Isagoras. Popular Uprising in 508 Cleisthenes recall from exile Institution of the simple vote Democracy Athenian Assembly Persians ASG Harrison The Golden Age First Persian War Pheidippides Darius Cultural differences Greeks vs. Persians Marathon Themistocles Democratic Assembly Themistocles bold new strategy Triremes Silver from Laurion Themistocles complex bluff