ROUTE: Implementing Cisco IP Routing Course 1: Routing Services

Transcription

1 ROUTE: Implementing Cisco IP Routing Course 1: Routing Services

2 Slide 1 ROUTE: IMPLEMENTING CISCO IP ROUTING Course 1: Routing Services

3 Slide 2 Course 1 Objectives Describe common enterprise traffic requirements and network design models. Describe how to create a plan for implementing routing services in an enterprise network. Review the fundamentals of routing and compare various routing protocols.

4 Slide 3 Topic A Complex Enterprise Network Frameworks, Architectures, and Models

5 Slide 4 Traffic Conditions in a Converged Network Converged networks support the following types of traffic: Routing protocol traffic Network management traffic Transactional traffic Mission-critical traffic Voice and video traffic Voice applications traffic The listed traffic has great effects on network performance and security. Cisco has developed the Intelligent Information Network (IIN) in order to enhance enterprise networks.

6 Slide 5 IIN: Cisco Intelligent Information Network IIN or Intelligent Information Network: Plays an active role in delivering services and applications. Bridges and extends intelligence across infrastructure layers and multiple products. The Intelligent Information Network consists of three phases in which functionality can be integrated with to the infrastructure in the forms of: Integrated applications Integrated services Integrated transport

7 Slide 6 Three Phases of the Intelligent Information Network Phase 1: Integrated transport Integrates video, voice, and data transport into one modular and standards-based network in order to generate enterprise-wide efficiencies and simplify network management. Phase 2: Integrated services Integrated services help to unify data center server capacity and storage. The Intelligent Information Network provides business continuity in order to survive local systems failure. This can be achieved thanks to shared resources across the Intelligent Information Network. Phase 3: Integrated applications This phase optimizes application performance and delivers networked applications to users in an efficient way in order to making the network application aware.

8 Slide 7 Three Phases of the Intelligent Information Network Graph Phase 1: Integrated Systems Phase 2: Integrated Services Phase 3: Integrated Applications

9 Slide 8 Cisco SONA Framework SONA or Cisco Service-Oriented Network Architecture is an architectural framework used to provide operational efficiency through standardization and virtualization and create a flexible and dynamic architecture. SONA provides blueprints guidance, and best practices for connecting applications and network services enabling business solutions. In the SONA framework, the common element that connects and enables all components of the information technology infrastructure is the network. SONA enables corporations to achieve their business goals by leveraging: The experience of Cisco and its partners The proven Cisco architectures The extensive Cisco product-line services

10 Slide 9 Cisco SONA Framework Layers Application Layer Interactive Services Layer Networked Infrastructure Layer

11 Slide 10 SONA: Networked Infrastructure Layer Networked Infrastructure Layer Campus Branch Data Center Enterprise Edge WAN/MAN Teleworker Server Storage Clients Intelligent Information Network

12 Slide 11 SONA: Interactive Services Layer Interactive Services Layer Services Management Services Virtualization Advanced Analytics & Decision Support Application Delivery Security Services Mobility Services Storage Services Application-Oriented Networking Infrastructure Services Network Infrastructure Virtualization Infrastructure Management Voice & Collaboration Services Compute Services Identity Services Adaptive Management Services

13 Slide 12 SONA: Application Layer Application Layer PLM CRM ERP HCM Procurement SCM Collaboration Layer Instant Messaging IPCC Unified Messaging IP Phone Meeting Place Video Delivery Middleware & Application Platforms

14 Slide 13 Updated SONA Framework Application Layer Business Applications Collaboration Layer Collaboration Applications Commercial Applications Applications Internally Developed Software as a Service (SaaS) Composite Apps / SOA Middleware & Application Platforms Interactive Services Layer Application Networking Services Infrastructure Services Adaptive Management Services Real Time Communication Core Common Services Mobility Application Delivery Security Management Virtualization Transport Networked Infrastructure Layer Places in the Network Server Storage Clients Physical Infrastructure Cisco designs, tests, and validates sets of modular, connected Cisco designs, infrastructure tests, and elements validates organized sets of modular, by places in the connected network (PINs). infrastructure elements organized by places in the network (PINs).

15 Slide 14 Updated SONA Framework Continued Applications Commercial Applications Internally Developed Software as a Service (Saas) Composite Apps / SOA Exposed Transparent Core Common Services Real Time Communication Mobility Application Delivery Security Management Virtualization Transport Multimedia Bridge Multimedia Record & Playback Presence Session Control Session Management Topology Management Location Telemetry Context Aware Mobile Intelligent Routing XML Processing Compression Content Distribution Content- Based Routing Caching Protocol Optimization AAA Policy Device ID Management End Point Attack Prevention Virus Protection End Point Posture Validation Data Loss Prevention Firewall Intrusion/Anomaly Detection Intrusion Prevention Filtering Configuration Accounting Provisioning Performance Fault Discovery Power Management VPN VLAN VSAN Switch Service Partitioning I/O Load Balancing Multicast Network Heuristics Switching Routing Transcoding Quality of Service Encryption/ Voice Recognition Decryption Physical Infrastructure

16 Slide 15 Cisco Enterprise Architecture Network Locations of SONA Network Infrastructure Layer Campus Data Center Branch Teleworker Enterprise Architecture enables organizations to: Grow Optimize Protect

17 Slide 16 Campus Architecture Provides: Flexibility Integrated security QoS Multicast Automatic procedures High availability

18 Slide 17 Branch Architecture Central configuration and management Integration Head-office support

19 Slide 18 Data Center Architecture Scalability Load balancing Redundancy Adaptive network architecture

20 Slide 19 Teleworker Architecture Campus security policies Centralized management Enterprise Branch-of-One

21 Slide 20 Cisco Hierarchical Network Model The three-layer hierarchical model is used to design networks. The three-layer model consists of the: Access layer Distribution layer Core layer This flexible modular framework allows for better implementation and troubleshooting.

22 Slide 21 Hierarchical Campus Model Workgroup Access Access Policy-Based Connectivity Distribution High-Speed Switching Server Farm Core Edge Distribution Module Departmental Switch Block

23 Slide 22 The Hierarchical Model in a Wide Area Network Core Layer Distribution Layer Distribution Layer Access Layer Access Layer

24 Slide 23 The Enterprise Composite Network Model The following three functional areas are a result of the network division carried by the Enterprise Composite Network Model: 1- Enterprise Campus 2- Enterprise Edge 3- Service Provider Edge

25 Slide 24 Topic B Creating, Documenting, and Executing an Implementation Plan

26 Slide 25 Creating an Implementation Plan A well written implementation plan is a result of good procedures and processes during network design, deployment, and testing. There are two approaches to making network changes: Structured approach Ad-hoc approach

27 Slide 26 Structured Approach Considerations are taken into account Changes to network parameters Meeting both business and technical requirements Documentation and implementation

28 Slide 27 Ad-hoc Approach The many tasks that do not require planning With such an approach, issues can occur An effective implementation plan is needed to avoid issues

29 Slide 28 Methodologies and Models In the industry, there are various methodologies and models used to depict a lifecycle approach. Examples of current major models: Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T) The Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) model International Organization for Standardization (ISO) The Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, and Security (FCAPS) model IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) The Cisco Lifecycle Services (PPDIOO) model

30 Slide 29 Cisco Lifecycle Services (PPDIOO) Model The Cisco Lifecycle Services approach or PPDIOO model consists of six phases in the network lifecycle: Step 1: Identify customer requirements Step 2: Characterize the existing network and sites Step 3: Design the network topology and solutions Step 4: Plan the implementation Step 5: Implement and verify the design Step 6: Monitor and optionally redesign

31 Slide 30 Implementation Plan Documentation The implementation plan documentation includes the following elements: Photos and screen shots Performance measurement and results Verification tasks Implementation plan tasks Resources required Tools required Network information Once the verification information is added at the end of the project, the documentation creation process is deemed complete or finished.

32 Slide 31 Sample Implementation Plan Project contact list (listing involved employees or team members) Statements of work (listing the role of each employee or team member) Equipment, location of project site, and premises related information Resources, material, and tools Project related assumptions Detailed tasks to be completed in the project Network staging plan

33 Slide 32 Example of Project Contact List Project manager name: Project manager phone: Project manager Network engineer name: Network engineer phone: Network engineer Network designer name: Network designer phone: Network designer Network technician name: Network technician phone: Network technician

34 Slide 33 Example of Implementation Task List Step 1: Access the switch management interface Step 2: Backup the IOS Step 3: Update the IOS Step 4: Disable all unused access ports Step 5: Deploy the extra switch Step 5: Configure an Accounting VPN Step 6: Configure a VoIP VPN Step 7: Verify configuration and record the results Step 8: Backup the running config on both switches

35 Slide 34 Example of Tools Required Item 1: Ethernet cable, 25 meters Item 2: Laptop to manage switch configuration Item 3: Console port cable Item 4: 16 port switch

36 Slide 35 Example of Equipment Floor Plan Location address: Building (in case of multiple buildings): Floor number: Suite number: Room number: Installation position: Rack and shelf numbers:

37 Slide 36 Topic C Overview of IP Routing

38 Slide 37 IP Routing A router can be made aware of non-directly attached networks in two ways: Dynamic routing: the router learns from other routers. Static routing: a network engineer inputs the information by manually configuring the router. Routing tables contain both dynamic and static routes.

39 Slide 38 Dynamic Routing The dynamic routing protocols that do not call for human configuration are: IS-IS OSPF EIGRP RIPv1 RIPv2 Routing protocols use interface speed, and hop counts as measurements to determine their metrics. They then exchange their metrics or distance to various destinations.

40 Slide 39 Static Routing Static routes are configured with the IP Route command. For example: Router(config)# ip route prefix mask address interface dhcp distance name next-hop-name permanent track number tag tag

41 Slide 40 Third Option: OnDemand Routing Known as the Cisco On-Demand Routing (ODR) feature. ODR requires a lot less admin configuration than static route and uses a lot less overhead than dynamic routing. It only functions in hub-and-spoke networks and uses CDP for this purpose. It is configured by using the Router ODR global config command on the hub router and shows as an O under the routing table. It has an administrative distance of 160.

42 Slide 41 Link-State Versus Distance Vector Protocols Link-state routing protocol: Routers send the state of their own interfaces to all other area routers whenever there is a change. Routers use the received information above to recalculate the best path to each network and then save this received information to their routing tables. Distance vector protocol: Routers send their entire routing tables or a portion of them to their neighboring routers on a periodic basis. The received updates are used by routers to determine whether any changes need to be made to their routing tables.

43 Slide 42 Classless Versus Classful Routing Classless Routing Protocol: RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP are classless routing protocols. Routing updates sent include the subnet mask. Supports VLSM. Classful Routing Protocol: RIP Version 1 (RIPv1) is a classful routing protocol. Routing updates sent do not include the subnet mask. Does not support VLSM.

44 Slide 43 Discontiguous Subnets - Classful Routing Discontiguous networks are not supported by classful routing protocols. Example of a discontiguous network: Fa0/ / /24 Fa0/ /24 R2 R1 R3 RIPv1 update RIPv1 update /24

45 Slide 44 Discontiguous Subnets - Classless Routing Discontiguous networks are supported by classless routing protocols

46 Slide 45 IP classless Command When the ip classless global config command is applied, it alters the behavior of a classful routing protocol. Classful protocols are programmed to assuming that if a router knows one or more network subnets of a classful network such as , then it knows all existing subnets on that network. IP classless is enabled by default and not to be disabled with IOS release 12.0 and all newer releases.

47 Slide 46 Automatic Route Summarization This does not apply to classless routing as this feature is disabled. The IS-IS and OSPF routing protocols do not offer automatic network summarization option. The EIGRP and RIPv2 run network summarization automatically to maintain backward compatibility with the IGRP and RIPv1 routing protocols. We can always use the no auto-summary router configuration command in order to disable automatic summarization on the EIGRP and RIPv2 routing protocols.

48 Slide 47 Criteria of Routing Table By considering the following four points, routing protocols can chose the best route selected from various routing protocols for destinations: Prefix Metric Administrative distance Valid next-hop IP address

49 Slide 48 Administrative Distance Administrative distance is used by a Cisco Router to select the best path when it learns of various possible routes to the desired destination with the same prefix from various routing protocols. Administrative distance is used to rate the believability of a routing protocol. A default administrative distance value has been assigned to each routing protocol by Cisco. Routing protocols are prioritized in the order of most to least believable.

50 Slide 49 Administrative Distances The Route Source Corresponding Default Distance Connected interface Static route out an interface Static route to a next-hop address EIGRP summary route External BGP Internal EIGRP IGRP OSPF IS-IS RIPv1, RIPv2 Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP) ODR External EIGRP Internal BGP Unknown

51 Slide 50 Floating Static Route Static routes always have priority over dynamic routes. We can always create a floating static route to alter this default router behavior by simply reconfiguring the administrative distance of the static route to a less believable or higher distance that the dynamic route. This enables the modified route to float. This is configured on a static route by using the ip route command with the distance parameter.

52 Slide 51 Course 1 Summary Describe common enterprise traffic requirements and network design models. Describe how to create a plan for implementing routing services in an enterprise network. Review the fundamentals of routing and compare various routing protocols.

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54 Review Questions: 1. Converged networks contain a variety of different types of traffic. Which of the following is one of those types? A. Routing Protocol Traffic B. Routed Protocol Traffic C. Network Administration Traffic D. Non-Mission Critical Traffic 2. What is one of the three phases of the Intelligent Information network? A. Integrated Protocols B. Integrated Applications C. Integrated Systems D. Integrated Transmission 3. Campus architecture provides which of the following? A. Interoperability B. Integrated Systems C. QoC D. High Availability 4. Which of the following does Branch Architecture offer? A. Active interaction B. Decentralized configuration and management C. Integration D. Independent support 5. True or False: Data Center Architecture allows for growth. A. True B. False

55 Answer Key: 1. A Routing Protocol Traffic is a type of traffic contained on a converged network. 2. B Integrated Applications is one of the three phases of the Intelligent Information network. The other two are Integrated Services and Integrated Transport. 3. D Campus architecture provides high availability. 4. C Branch Architecture offers integration. 5. A True. Data Center Architecture offers scalability, and therefore allows for growth.