FOLLOW THE RECIPE. Sub-topics. Processing for properties Microstructure Microstructure evolution during processing Non-metals processing
|
|
- Melinda Nicholson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 FOLLOW THE RECIPE Sub-topics 1 Processing for properties Microstructure Microstructure evolution during processing Non-metals processing
2 HOW MANY OPTIONS? Often a materials problem is really one of selecting the material that has the right combination of characteristics for a specific application. Intrinsic properties depend on microstructure and microstructure depends on processing 2
3 HISTORICAL REVIEW OF AN ALUMINUM BIKE FRAME Materials processing involves more than one step Each process step has a characteristic history Designers should watch out for unintended side-effects in the joining stage Design focuses on the properties of finished products, but some of these properties are also critical during processing In choosing materials for a component 3 it is important to examine their suitability for processing as well as for performance in service.
4 METALS 4
5 CERAMICS 5
6 POLYMERS 6
7 PHASES Phase: region of a material with a specified atomic arrangement Phase diagram: maps showing the phases expected as a function of composition and temperature, if the material is in its lowest free energy state Phase transformation: occur when the phases present change requires a driving force and a mechanism Phase diagrams show us when changes are possible. Phase transformations are central to microstructural control. 7
8 THERMODYNAMICS OF PHASES Microstructures can only evolve from one state to another if it is energetically favorable to do so The Gibbs free energy G helps to determine what phase an alloy will be in at a given composition held at a fixed temperature U intrinsic energy of the material p pressure V volume U + pv enthalpy T temperature S entropy The state of lowest free energy is the state of thermodynamic equilibrium at equilibrium no phase change is physically possible 8
9 PHASE DIAGRAM: LEAD-TIN SYSTEM The diagram divides up into single-and two-phase regions, separated by grain boundaries At any point in the two-phase region, the present phases are those found at the phase boundaries at either end of the of a horizontal tie-line through the point defining the composition and temperature concerned Both Pband Snwill dissolve in one another to some extent, with the maximum solubility in both cases being at the same temperature The pure elements have a unique melting temperature Alloys show a freezing range between the boundaries known as the liquidus and solidus, so there is no longer a single melting point At the eutectic point, the alloy can change from 100% liquid to 100% two-phase solid 9
10 COMMERCIAL CAST IRON Pearlite-the lamellar structure in carbon steels and cast irons that consists of plates of pure iron and iron carbide 10
11 OPTICAL PHOTOMICROGRAPHS OF VARIOUS CAST IRONS Gray iron: the dark graphite flakes are embedded in an ferrite matrix Nodular (ductile) iron: the dark graphite nodules are surrounded by an ferrite matrix. Malleable iron: dark graphite rosettes (temper carbon) in an ferrite matrix White iron: the light cementiteregions are surrounded by pearlite, which has the ferrite cementite layered structure 11
12 KINETICS OF PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS The boundaries on phase diagrams show where two different states can both be in equilibrium. At the melting point, both phases have the same free energy and can co-exist Above the melting point, liquid is the state of lower free energy if a liquid is cooled beyond its melting point, its free energy as a liquid is greater than that of a solid the system can release energy if it solidifies this is the driving force for phase transformation 12
13 RATE OF PHASE TRANSFORMATION The rate of phase transformation depends on both the driving force and the diffusion rate both are dependant on but have opposite reaction to temperature 13
14 NUCLEATION AND GROWTH When a liquid solidifies, solid first has to appear from somewhere, after which the interface between solid and liquid can migrate to enable atoms to switch from one phase to the other at the boundary the two stages are nucleation and growth 14
15 TIME-TEMPERATURE-TRANSFORMATION (TTT) DIAGRAMS TTT diagrams are used to study diffusion-controlled transformation: C-curves reflect the transformationrateas a function of temperature; TTT curves assume rapid cooling from above the transformation temperature 15
16 METALS PROCESSING Most alloys offer both cast and wrought variants Metals with an HCP structure are primarily castat high temperatures because of their inherent lack of ductility Casting and wrought alloys in a given system tend to have different compositions Casting leads to coarser microstructures and poorer strength and toughness than a wrought alloy Good castabilityrequires higher levels of alloying additions than wrought alloys to lower the melting temperature 16
17 SOLIDIFICATION: METAL CASTING In casting, a liquid above its melting point is poured into a mold where it cools by thermal conduction it is relatively cheap and well suited for complex 3-d shapes New solid forms by nucleation new crystals form in the melt, on the walls of the mold, or on foreign particles Crystals grow in opposing directions and impinge on one another to form grain boundaries 17
18 DEFORMATION PROCESSING OF METALS Deformation processes exploit the plastic response of metals, that is, their ability to remain intact without damage when subjected to large strains and shape changes Deformation processes influence Microstructure by various means: Temperature determines the phases present and is relevant during forming and during cool-down Grain size forming process can strengthen the metal by changing both the size and the shape of the grains 18
19 FORMING PROCESSES increasing the strength of metals often reduce their ductility it is necessary to follow forming with an annealing heat treatment to restore some of the materials ductility Grain structure evolution through deformation and annealing 19
20 MATERIAL ALLOYS USED FOR EURO COINS On January 1st, 2002 the euro became the single legal currency in some European countries. Euro coins are minted in eight different denominations: 2 and 1 euros, as well as 50, 20, 10, 5, 2, and 1 cent euros. Outer part: copper-nickel Inner part: Layers of nickel brass, nickel, nickel brass Nordic gold - 89% copper, 5% aluminium, 5% zinc, and 1% tin 20
21 HEAT TREATMENT OF METALS In a typical heat treatment, a component is heated to high temperature, cooled at a controlled rate, and usually reheated to an intermediate temperature The thermal profile and resulting microstructure for a heat treatment process A solid solution is formed at high temperature followed by precipitation hardening at an intermediate temperature after being cooled 21
22 EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Normalizing slow cooling from high temperature producing a microstructure of lower strength but high toughness no follow-up heat treatment Quench and temper cooled faster than the critical cooling rate producing a martensitic microstructure with high strength and low toughness then reheated at an intermediate temperature to restore toughness 22
23 JOINING PROCESSES Thermal welding of metals involves heating and cooling which may cause phase transformations in the weld metal and in the heated regions of the weld A weld cross-section with corresponding thermal histories in the weld metal and heat-affected zone. Typical hardness profiles induced across welds in aluminum alloys, low carbon steel, and low alloy steel 23
24 SURFACE ENGINEERING Surface treatments exploit many different mechanisms and processes to change the surface microstructure and properties Laser hardening is a surface treatment process that modifies microstructure the traversing laser beam induces a rapid thermal cycle, causing phase changes on both heating and cooling the track below the path of the laser has a 24 different microstructure of high hardness
25 FERROUS METALS Strength and toughness tend to dominate the property profile desired for applications that use ferrous metals The range of mechanical properties able to be achieved through alloying and processing makes ferrous metals the most versatile group of engineering material 25
Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram (a review) see Callister Chapter 9
Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram (a review) see Callister Chapter 9 University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 1 The Iron Iron Carbide (Fe Fe 3 C) Phase Diagram In their simplest form,
More informationIntroduction to Materials Science, Chapter 9, Phase Diagrams. Phase Diagrams. University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 1
Phase Diagrams University of Tennessee, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering 1 Chapter Outline: Phase Diagrams Microstructure and Phase Transformations in Multicomponent Systems Definitions and basic
More informationLecture 19: Eutectoid Transformation in Steels: a typical case of Cellular
Lecture 19: Eutectoid Transformation in Steels: a typical case of Cellular Precipitation Today s topics Understanding of Cellular transformation (or precipitation): when applied to phase transformation
More informationChapter Outline: Phase Transformations in Metals
Chapter Outline: Phase Transformations in Metals Heat Treatment (time and temperature) Microstructure Mechanical Properties Kinetics of phase transformations Multiphase Transformations Phase transformations
More informationThe mechanical properties of metal affected by heat treatment are:
Training Objective After watching this video and reviewing the printed material, the student/trainee will learn the basic concepts of the heat treating processes as they pertain to carbon and alloy steels.
More informationPhase Transformations in Metals and Alloys
Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys THIRD EDITION DAVID A. PORTER, KENNETH E. EASTERLING, and MOHAMED Y. SHERIF ( г йс) CRC Press ^ ^ ) Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press
More informationAlloys & Their Phase Diagrams
Alloys & Their Phase Diagrams Objectives of the class Gibbs phase rule Introduction to phase diagram Practice phase diagram Lever rule Important Observation: One question in the midterm Consider the Earth
More informationHEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL
HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL Heat Treatment of Steel Most heat treating operations begin with heating the alloy into the austenitic phase field to dissolve the carbide in the iron. Steel heat treating practice
More informationHeat Treatment of Steel
Heat Treatment of Steel Steels can be heat treated to produce a great variety of microstructures and properties. Generally, heat treatment uses phase transformation during heating and cooling to change
More information9.11 Upon heating a lead-tin alloy of composition 30 wt% Sn-70 wt% Pb from 150 C and utilizing Figure
9-13 9.8: 9.11 Upon heating a lead-tin alloy of composition 30 wt% Sn-70 wt% Pb from 150 C and utilizing Figure (a) The first liquid forms at the temperature at which a vertical line at this composition
More informationWJM Technologies excellence in material joining
Girish P. Kelkar, Ph.D. (562) 743-7576 girish@welding-consultant.com www.welding-consultant.com Weld Cracks An Engineer s Worst Nightmare There are a variety of physical defects such as undercut, insufficient
More informationChapter 8. Phase Diagrams
Phase Diagrams A phase in a material is a region that differ in its microstructure and or composition from another region Al Al 2 CuMg H 2 O(solid, ice) in H 2 O (liquid) 2 phases homogeneous in crystal
More informationLABORATORY EXPERIMENTS TESTING OF MATERIALS
LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS TESTING OF MATERIALS 1. TENSION TEST: INTRODUCTION & THEORY The tension test is the most commonly used method to evaluate the mechanical properties of metals. Its main objective
More informationModule 34. Heat Treatment of steel IV. Lecture 34. Heat Treatment of steel IV
Module 34 Heat reatment of steel IV Lecture 34 Heat reatment of steel IV 1 Keywords : Austenitization of hypo & hyper eutectoid steel, austenization temperature, effect of heat treatment on structure &
More informationPhase Equilibria & Phase Diagrams
Phase Equilibria & Phase Diagrams Week7 Material Sciences and Engineering MatE271 1 Motivation Phase diagram (Ch 9) Temperature Time Kinematics (Ch 10) New structure, concentration (mixing level) (at what
More informationHeat Treatment of Steels : Spheroidize annealing. Heat Treatment of Steels : Normalizing
Heat Treatment of Steels :Recrystallization annealing The carbon and alloy steels were treated at a temperature of about 700 C, which is about 20 C below the eutectoid temperature. The holding time should
More informationPhase. Gibbs Phase rule
Phase diagrams Phase A phase can be defined as a physically distinct and chemically homogeneous portion of a system that has a particular chemical composition and structure. Water in liquid or vapor state
More informationMassachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Cambridge, MA 02139
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Cambridge, MA 02139 2.002 Mechanics and Materials II Spring 2004 Laboratory Module No. 5 Heat Treatment of Plain Carbon and Low
More informationDefects Introduction. Bonding + Structure + Defects. Properties
Defects Introduction Bonding + Structure + Defects Properties The processing determines the defects Composition Bonding type Structure of Crystalline Processing factors Defects Microstructure Types of
More informationExperiment: Heat Treatment - Quenching & Tempering
Experiment: Heat Treatment - Quenching & Tempering Objectives 1) To investigate the conventional heat treatment procedures, such as quenching and annealing, used to alter the properties of steels. SAE
More informationMSE 528 - PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN 7075 ALUMINUM ALLOY
MSE 528 - PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN 7075 ALUMINUM ALLOY Objective To study the time and temperature variations in the hardness and electrical conductivity of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu high strength alloy on isothermal
More informationSolution for Homework #1
Solution for Homework #1 Chapter 2: Multiple Choice Questions (2.5, 2.6, 2.8, 2.11) 2.5 Which of the following bond types are classified as primary bonds (more than one)? (a) covalent bonding, (b) hydrogen
More informationFEATURES AND BENEFITS OF DIFFERENT PLATINUM ALLOYS. Kris Vaithinathan and Richard Lanam Engelhard Corporation
FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF DIFFERENT PLATINUM ALLOYS Kris Vaithinathan and Richard Lanam Engelhard Corporation Introduction There has been a significant increase in the world wide use of platinum for jewelry
More informationHIGH STRENGTH DUCTILE IRON PRODUCED BY THE ENGINEERED COOLING: PROCESS CONCEPT
IJMC14-244-2 HIGH STRENGTH DUCTILE IRON PRODUCED BY THE ENGINEERED COOLING: PROCESS CONCEPT Copyright 215 American Foundry Society Abstract Simon N. Lekakh Missouri University of Science and Technology,
More informationAluminum Alloys. casting or a semisolid casting
Functionality & Service Requirements When determining how a component will function, the first question to ask is: what purpose will the component serve? Choosing the alloy, casting process and thermal
More informationMaterials Issues in Fatigue and Fracture
Materials Issues in Fatigue and Fracture 5.1 Fundamental Concepts 5.2 Ensuring Infinite Life 5.3 Finite Life 5.4 Summary FCP 1 5.1 Fundamental Concepts Structural metals Process of fatigue A simple view
More informationObjectives/Introduction Extraction of zinc Physical properties of zinc Zinc casting alloys Wrought zinc alloys Engineering design with zinc alloys
Lecture 7 Zinc and its alloys Subjects of interest Objectives/Introduction Extraction of zinc Physical properties of zinc Zinc casting alloys Wrought zinc alloys Engineering design with zinc alloys Objectives
More informationLecture: 33. Solidification of Weld Metal
Lecture: 33 Solidification of Weld Metal This chapter presents common solidification mechanisms observed in weld metal and different modes of solidification. Influence of welding speed and heat input on
More informationPOURING THE MOLTEN METAL
HEATING AND POURING To perform a casting operation, the metal must be heated to a temperature somewhat above its melting point and then poured into the mold cavity to solidify. In this section, we consider
More informationEngine Bearing Materials
Engine Bearing Materials Dr. Dmitri Kopeliovich (Research & Development Manager) The durable operation of an engine bearing is achieved if its materials combine high strength (load capacity, wear resistance,
More informationTHREE MAIN SOLIDIFICATION REACTIONS OF VANADIUM MODIFIED T1 TUNGSTEN HIGH SPEED TOOL STEEL. Hossam Halfa
THREE MAIN SOLIDIFICATION REACTIONS OF VANADIUM MODIFIED T1 TUNGSTEN HIGH SPEED TOOL STEEL Hossam Halfa Steel Technology Department, Central Metallurgical R&D Institute (CMRDI), Helwan, Egypt, hossamhalfa@cmrdi.sci.eg;
More informationProblems in Welding of High Strength Aluminium Alloys
Singapore Welding Society Newsletter, September 1999 Problems in Welding of High Strength Aluminium Alloys Wei Zhou Nanyang Technological University, Singapore E-mail: WZhou@Cantab.Net Pure aluminium has
More informationName Class Date. What is ionic bonding? What happens to atoms that gain or lose electrons? What kinds of solids are formed from ionic bonds?
CHAPTER 1 2 Ionic Bonds SECTION Chemical Bonding BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is ionic bonding? What happens to atoms that gain or lose
More informationThe atomic packing factor is defined as the ratio of sphere volume to the total unit cell volume, or APF = V S V C. = 2(sphere volume) = 2 = V C = 4R
3.5 Show that the atomic packing factor for BCC is 0.68. The atomic packing factor is defined as the ratio of sphere volume to the total unit cell volume, or APF = V S V C Since there are two spheres associated
More informationFull Density Properties of Low Alloy Steels
Full Density Properties of Low Alloy Steels Michael L. Marucci & Arthur J. Rawlings Hoeganaes Corporation, Cinnaminson, NJ Presented at PM 2 TEC2005 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate
More informationCh. 4: Imperfections in Solids Part 1. Dr. Feras Fraige
Ch. 4: Imperfections in Solids Part 1 Dr. Feras Fraige Outline Defects in Solids 0D, Point defects vacancies Interstitials impurities, weight and atomic composition 1D, Dislocations edge screw 2D, Grain
More informationCENTRIFUGAL CASTING. Email: amitjoshi@iitb.ac.in amitjoshi1000@yahoo.ca
CENTRIFUGAL CASTING Amit M Joshi (B.Engg. Mechanical, A.M.I.Prod.E, A.I.E) Dept. of Metallurgical Engg. & Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India. Email: amitjoshi@iitb.ac.in amitjoshi1000@yahoo.ca
More informationEffect of Temperature and Aging Time on 2024 Aluminum Behavior
Proceedings of the XIth International Congress and Exposition June 2-5, 2008 Orlando, Florida USA 2008 Society for Experimental Mechanics Inc. Effect of Temperature and Aging Time on 2024 Aluminum Behavior
More informationStrengthening. Mechanisms of strengthening in single-phase metals: grain-size reduction solid-solution alloying strain hardening
Strengthening The ability of a metal to deform depends on the ability of dislocations to move Restricting dislocation motion makes the material stronger Mechanisms of strengthening in single-phase metals:
More informationChapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms
Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms What is happening in material during plastic deformation? Dislocations and Plastic Deformation Motion of dislocations in response to stress Slip
More informationSolidification, Crystallization & Glass Transition
Solidification, Crystallization & Glass Transition Cooling the Melt solidification Crystallization versus Formation of Glass Parameters related to the formaton of glass Effect of cooling rate Glass transition
More informationComparison of the Mechanical Properties of Steel and Ductile Iron Pipe Materials
1301 Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Steel and Ductile Iron Pipe Materials Brent Keil 1, Jack Devletian 2 ABSTRACT Water infrastructure engineers commonly evaluate a variety of pipe materials
More informationWeld Cracking. An Excerpt from The Fabricators' and Erectors' Guide to Welded Steel Construction. The James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation
Weld Cracking An Excerpt from The Fabricators' and Erectors' Guide to Welded Steel Construction The James F. Lincoln Arc Welding Foundation Weld Cracking Several types of discontinuities may occur in welds
More informationFundamentals of the Heat Treating of Steel
CHAPTER 2 Fundamentals of the Heat Treating of Steel BEFORE CONSIDERATION can be given to the heat treatment of steel or other iron-base alloys, it is helpful to explain what steel is. The common dictionary
More informationChapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms
Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms What is happening in material during plastic deformation? Dislocations and Plastic Deformation Motion of dislocations in response to stress Slip
More informationSection 4: NiResist Iron
Section 4: NiResist Iron Section 4 Ni-Resist Description of Grades...4-2 201 (Type 1) Ni-Resist...4-3 202 (Type 2) Ni-Resist...4-6 Stock Listings...4-8 4-1 Ni-Resist Description of Grades Ni-Resist Dura-Bar
More informationWelding. Module 19.2.1
Welding Module 19.2.1 Hard Soldering Hard soldering is a general term for silver soldering and brazing. These are very similar thermal joining processes to soft soldering in as much that the parent metal
More informationEFFECT OF COPPER ALLOY ADDITION METHOD ON THE DIMENSIONAL RESPONSE OF SINTERED FE-CU-C STEELS
EFFECT OF COPPER ALLOY ADDITION METHOD ON THE DIMENSIONAL RESPONSE OF SINTERED FE-CU-C STEELS Michael L. Marucci and Francis G. Hanejko Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 - USA Abstract Fe-Cu-C
More informationSOLIDIFICATION. (a)formation of stable nuclei. Growth of a stable nucleus. (c) Grain structure
SOLIDIFICATION Most metals are melted and then cast into semifinished or finished shape. Solidification of a metal can be divided into the following steps: Formation of a stable nucleus Growth of a stable
More informationCasting. Training Objective
Training Objective After watching the program and reviewing this printed material, the viewer will learn the essentials of the various metal casting processes used in industry today. The basic principles
More information8. Technical Heat Treatment
8. Technical Heat Treatment 8. Technical Heat Treatment 95 6 cm 4 2 0-2 -4 C 400 C C -6-14 -12-10 -8-6 -4-2 0 2 cm 6 723 C temperature C 1750 750 250 When welding a workpiece, not only the weld itself,
More informationExperiment: Crystal Structure Analysis in Engineering Materials
Experiment: Crystal Structure Analysis in Engineering Materials Objective The purpose of this experiment is to introduce students to the use of X-ray diffraction techniques for investigating various types
More informationBINARY SYSTEMS. Definition of Composition: Atomic (molar) fraction. Atomic percent. Mass fraction. Mass percent (weight percent)
BINARY SYSTEMS Definition of Composition: Atomic (molar) fraction Atomic percent Mass fraction Mass percent (weight percent) na =, x i n = A i i i Weight percent mainly in industry! x at % A = x 100 A
More informationEvaluation of the Susceptibility of Simulated Welds In HSLA-100 and HY-100 Steels to Hydrogen Induced Cracking
Evaluation of the Susceptibility of Simulated Welds In HSLA-100 and HY-100 Steels to Hydrogen Induced Cracking R. E. Ricker, M. R. Stoudt, and D. J. Pitchure Materials Performance Group Metallurgy Division
More informationAvoiding Shrinkage Defects and Maximizing Yield in Ductile Iron
Paper 12-081.pdf, Page 1 of 16 Avoiding Shrinkage Defects and Maximizing Yield in Ductile Iron D. White Elkem Metals, Inc, Boca Raton, FL USA Copyright 2012 American Foundry Society ABSTRACT The presentation
More informationCorrosion-induced cracking of model train zincaluminium
Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR Corrosion-induced cracking of model train zincaluminium die castings R.J.H. Wanhill and T. Hattenberg This report may be cited
More informationREACTIONS IN THE SN CORNER OF THE CU-SN-ZN ALLOY SYSTEM
REACTIONS IN THE SN CORNER OF THE CU-SN-ZN ALLOY SYSTEM D.D. Perovic, L Snugovsky and J.W. Rutter Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada doug.perovic@utoronto.ca
More informationLecture 18 Strain Hardening And Recrystallization
-138- Lecture 18 Strain Hardening And Recrystallization Strain Hardening We have previously seen that the flow stress (the stress necessary to produce a certain plastic strain rate) increases with increasing
More informationCopper Alloys for Injection, Thermoform and Blow Molds
Copper Alloys for Injection, Thermoform and Blow Molds by Robert Kusner Manager of Technical Services June 2015 Today s Agenda History of copper mold alloys Why use copper? Which copper alloy should I
More informationIonic and Metallic Bonding
Ionic and Metallic Bonding BNDING AND INTERACTINS 71 Ions For students using the Foundation edition, assign problems 1, 3 5, 7 12, 14, 15, 18 20 Essential Understanding Ions form when atoms gain or lose
More informationThe Effect of Heat Treatment Atmosphere on Hardening of Surface Region of H13 Tool Steel. Dominique AU
The Effect of Heat Treatment Atmosphere on Hardening of Surface Region of H13 Tool Steel Dominique AU Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Postgraduate diploma in Research Auckland University
More informationCutting Tool Materials
Training Objectives After watching the video and reviewing this printed material, the viewer will gain knowledge and understanding of cutting tool metallurgy and specific tool applications for various
More informationSAND CAST CHILL CAST LM4 - TF
1 This alloy conforms with British Standards 1490 and is similar to the obsolete specifications BS.L79 and D.T.D 424A. Castings may be in the cast (M) of fully heat treated (TF) conditions. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
More informationCrystal Structure of Aluminum, Zinc, and their Alloys By: Omar Fajardo Sebastian Henao Devin Baines ENGR45, F2014, SRJC
Crystal Structure of Aluminum, Zinc, and their Alloys By: Omar Fajardo Sebastian Henao Devin Baines ENGR45, F2014, SRJC Purpose The purpose of this experiment was to examine and observe the microstructure
More informationME 612 Metal Forming and Theory of Plasticity. 1. Introduction
Metal Forming and Theory of Plasticity Yrd.Doç. e mail: azsenalp@gyte.edu.tr Makine Mühendisliği Bölümü Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü In general, it is possible to evaluate metal forming operations
More informationCORRELATION BETWEEN HARDNESS AND TENSILE PROPERTIES IN ULTRA-HIGH STRENGTH DUAL PHASE STEELS SHORT COMMUNICATION
155 CORRELATION BETWEEN HARDNESS AND TENSILE PROPERTIES IN ULTRA-HIGH STRENGTH DUAL PHASE STEELS SHORT COMMUNICATION Martin Gaško 1,*, Gejza Rosenberg 1 1 Institute of materials research, Slovak Academy
More informationIron Alloys. Iron castings are produced by a variety
Iron castings are produced by a variety of molding methods and are available with a wide range of properties. Cast iron is a generic term that designates a family of metals. To achieve the best casting
More informationμ α =μ β = μ γ = =μ ω μ α =μ β =μ γ = =μ ω Thus for c components, the number of additional constraints is c(p 1) ( ) ( )
Phase Diagrams 1 Gibbs Phase Rule The Gibbs phase rule describes the degrees of freedom available to describe a particular system with various phases and substances. To derive the phase rule, let us begin
More informationHeat Treatment of Aluminum Foundry Alloys. Fred Major Rio Tinto Alcan
Heat Treatment of Aluminum Foundry Alloys Fred Major Rio Tinto Alcan OUTLINE Basics of Heat Treatment (What is happening to the metal at each step). Atomic Structure of Aluminum Deformation Mechanisms
More informationAUSTENITIC STAINLESS DAMASCENE STEEL
AUSTENITIC STAINLESS DAMASCENE STEEL Damasteel s austenitic stainless Damascene Steel is a mix between types 304L and 316L stainless steels which are variations of the 18 percent chromium 8 percent nickel
More informationChapter 12 - Liquids and Solids
Chapter 12 - Liquids and Solids 12-1 Liquids I. Properties of Liquids and the Kinetic Molecular Theory A. Fluids 1. Substances that can flow and therefore take the shape of their container B. Relative
More informationThe objectives of this program are shown.
1 2 Selecting the proper Tool Steels, Heat Treatment, & Surface Treatments for a stamping application can be a complex and confusing process. To simplify this process, a few basic facts should be understood.
More informationCHAPTER 2 INJECTION MOULDING PROCESS
CHAPTER 2 INJECTION MOULDING PROCESS Injection moulding is the most widely used polymeric fabrication process. It evolved from metal die casting, however, unlike molten metals, polymer melts have a high
More informationThink precision, Think HSS REAMING
Think precision, Think HSS REAMING SUMMARY REAMING TOOLS 2 Zoom on a reamer 3 Which HSS for maximum efficiency? 4 Coatings for the best performance 5 Vocabulary 6 Choose the right design 7 Types of bevel
More informationThe study about as cast microstructure and solidification
The study about as cast microstructure and solidification process of Al-Mg-Si alloys Introduction High-strength and high formability aluminum alloys are the highly demanded alloy in automobile industry,
More informationBinary phase diagrams
inary phase diagrams inary phase diagrams and ibbs free energy curves inary solutions with unlimited solubility Relative proportion of phases (tie lines and the lever principle) Development of microstructure
More informationCHAPTER 8. Phase Diagrams 8-1
CHAPTER 8 Phase Diagrams 8-1 Introducción Fase: Una region en un material que difiere en estructura y función de otra región. Diagramas de fase : Representan las fases presentes en el metal a diferentes
More informationEffect of Small Additions of Boron on the Mechanical Properties and Hardenability of Sintered P/M Steels
Effect of Small Additions of Boron on the Mechanical Properties and Hardenability of Sintered P/M Steels Michael Marucci *, Alan Lawley **, Robert Causton *, and Suleyman Saritas *** * Hoeganaes Corporation,
More informationModule 3 Machinability. Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur
Module 3 Machinability Lesson 1 Cutting Tool Materials of common use Instructional Objectives At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to (i) Identify the needs and cite the chronological development
More informationFATIGUE BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTLY HEAT TREATED MEDIUM CARBON STEEL. Master of Technology (Res.) Metallurgical and Materials Engineering
FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTLY HEAT TREATED MEDIUM CARBON STEEL A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Technology (Res.) in Metallurgical and
More informationRAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED COPPER ALLOYS RIBBONS
Association of Metallurgical Engineers of Serbia AMES Scientific paper UDC:669.35-153.881-412.2=20 RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED COPPER ALLOYS RIBBONS M. ŠULER 1, L. KOSEC 1, A. C. KNEISSL 2, M. BIZJAK 1, K. RAIĆ
More informationhij GCSE Additional Science Chemistry 2 Higher Tier Chemistry 2H SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME Version 1.0
hij GCSE Additional Science Chemistry 2 Higher Tier Chemistry 2H SPECIMEN MARK SCHEME Version.0 Copyright 20 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA)
More informationHow To Study The Effects Of Section Size On The Content Of Ductile Iron
2/13 Archives of Foundry, Year 4, Volume 4, 13 Archiwum Odlewnictwa, Rok 4, Rocznik 4, Nr 13 PAN Katowice PL ISSN 1642-538 EFFECT OF SECTION SIZE ON PRODUCING DUCTILE IRON CASTINGS S. BOCKUS 1, A. DOBROVOLSKIS
More informationEML 2322L MAE Design and Manufacturing Laboratory. Welding
EML 2322L MAE Design and Manufacturing Laboratory Welding Intro to Welding A weld is made when separate pieces of material to be joined combine and form one piece when heated to a temperature high enough
More informationPlastic Injection Molding
Training Objective After watching this video and reviewing the printed material, the student/trainee will understand the principles and physical operations of the plastic injection molding process. An
More informationDer Einfluss thermophysikalischer Daten auf die numerische Simulation von Gießprozessen
Der Einfluss thermophysikalischer Daten auf die numerische Simulation von Gießprozessen Tagung des Arbeitskreises Thermophysik, 4. 5.3.2010 Karlsruhe, Deutschland E. Kaschnitz Österreichisches Gießerei-Institut
More informationModern Construction Materials Prof. Ravindra Gettu Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Modern Construction Materials Prof. Ravindra Gettu Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Module - 2 Lecture - 2 Part 2 of 2 Review of Atomic Bonding II We will continue
More informationMechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied
Mechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied Stress and strain fracture or engineering point of view: allows to predict the
More informationUses of metals: other properties of metals
Uses of metals: other properties of metals Name: Let s Recap You have learnt all about what characteristics or properties metal have that make them different from non-metals. Write down five properties
More informationDevelopment of a High Performance Nickel-Free P/M Steel. Bruce Lindsley. Senior Materials Engineer, Hoeganaes Corporation, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA
Development of a High Performance Nickel-Free P/M Steel Bruce Lindsley Senior Materials Engineer, Hoeganaes Corporation, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077, USA Abstract A developmental nickel-free P/M steel containing
More informationTIE-31: Mechanical and thermal properties of optical glass
PAGE 1/10 1 Density The density of optical glass varies from 239 for N-BK10 to 603 for SF66 In most cases glasses with higher densities also have higher refractive indices (eg SF type glasses) The density
More informationHigh Strength and Wear Resistant Aluminum Alloy for High Temperature Applications
High Strength and Wear Resistant Aluminum Alloy for High Temperature Applications JONATHAN A. LEE NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Mail Code ED33 Huntsville, AL 35812 Email: Jonathan.Lee@msfc.nasa.gov
More informationPROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
1 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS 1.1 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS Different materials possess different properties in varying degree and therefore behave in different ways under given conditions. These properties
More informationDIFFUSION IN SOLIDS. Materials often heat treated to improve properties. Atomic diffusion occurs during heat treatment
DIFFUSION IN SOLIDS WHY STUDY DIFFUSION? Materials often heat treated to improve properties Atomic diffusion occurs during heat treatment Depending on situation higher or lower diffusion rates desired
More informationME349 Engineering Design Projects
ME349 Engineering Design Projects Introduction to Materials Selection The Material Selection Problem Design of an engineering component involves three interrelated problems: (i) selecting a material, (ii)
More informationNorth American Stainless
North American Stainless Flat Products Stainless Steel Grade Sheet 304 (S30400)/ EN 1.4301 304L (S30403) / EN 1.4307 304H (S30409) Introduction: Types 304, 304L and 304H are the most versatile and widely
More information2017A ALUMINUM ALLOY IN DIFFERENT HEAT TREATMENT CONDITIONS
Acta Metallurgica Slovaca, Vol. 18, 2012, No. 2-3, p. 82-91 82 2017A ALUMINUM ALLOY IN DIFFERENT HEAT TREATMENT CONDITIONS K. Mroczka 1)*, A. Wójcicka 1), P. Kurtyka 1) 1) Department of Technology and
More informationA Comparison of FC-0208 to a 0.3% Molybdenum Prealloyed Low-Alloy Powder with 0.8% Graphite
A Comparison of FC-0208 to a 0.3% Molybdenum Prealloyed Low-Alloy Powder with 0.8% Graphite Francis Hanejko Manager, Customer Applications Hoeganaes Corporation Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 Abstract Iron copper
More informationLASER CUTTING OF STAINLESS STEEL
LASER CUTTING OF STAINLESS STEEL Laser inert gas cutting is the most applicable process type used for cutting of stainless steel. Laser oxygen cutting is also applied in cases where the cut face oxidation
More information