STANDARD WHII.6d The student will demonstrate knowledge of scientific, political, economic, and religious changes during the sixteenth, seventeenth,

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1 STANDARD WHII.6d The student will demonstrate knowledge of scientific, political, economic, and religious changes during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries by d) explaining the political, religious, and social ideas of the Enlightenment and the ways in which they influenced the founders of the United States.

2 Scientific Revolution Absolutism English Civil War Restoration & the Glorious Revolution Enlightenment (Age of Reason)

3 Essential Understandings Enlightenment thinkers believed that human progress was possible through the application of scientific knowledge and reason to issues of law and government. Enlightenment ideas influenced the leaders of the American Revolution and the writing of the Declaration of Independence.

4

5 The Enlightenment It is also known as the Age of Reason (people were enlightened )

6 The Enlightenment It is also known as the Age of Reason (people were enlightened ) Thinkers began applying reason to the human and natural world

7 The Enlightenment It is also known as the Age of Reason (people were enlightened ) Thinkers began applying reason to the human and natural world This was sparked by the Scientific Revolution, but applied reason to politics, economy, and all of society

8 The Enlightenment It stimulated religious tolerance People became more accepting of others because they were still alike even though they worshipped differently

9 The Enlightenment It stimulated religious tolerance People became more accepting of others because they were still alike even though they worshipped differently It also started democratic revolutions around the world

10 The Enlightenment It stimulated religious tolerance People became more accepting of others because they were still alike even though they worshipped differently It also started democratic revolutions around Democratic the world Creating governments for, of, and by the people

11 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas

12 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Thomas Hobbes

13 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Thomas Hobbes Wrote Leviathan

14 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Thomas Hobbes Wrote Leviathan Humans exist in a primitive state of nature and consent to government for selfprotection.

15 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Thomas Hobbes Wrote Leviathan Humans exist in a primitive state of nature and consent to government for selfprotection. State of Nature How humans were before government

16 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas John Locke

17 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas John Locke Wrote Two Treatises on Government People are sovereign and consent to government for protection of natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

18 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas John Locke Wrote Two Treatises on Government People are sovereign and consent to government for protection of Natural Rights of life, liberty, and property. Sovereign Having independent control over themselves

19 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Montesquieu

20 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Montesquieu Wrote The Spirit of Laws The best form of government includes a separation of powers.

21 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Montesquieu Wrote The Spirit of Laws The best form of government includes a separation of powers. Separation of Powers A government divided into executive, legislative, and judicial branches

22 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Jean-Jacques Rousseau

23 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Jean-Jacques Rousseau Wrote The Social Contract Government is a contract between rulers and the people.

24 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Jean-Jacques Rousseau Wrote The Social Contract Government is a contract between rulers and the people. Social Contract The people give the government the power, if the government does wrong, they can change it

25 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Voltaire

26 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Voltaire Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism Separation of church and state.

27 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Voltaire Religious toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism Separation of church and state. Government does not favor one religion or church People can worship however they want Religion does not influence the government

28 Enlightenment thinkers and their ideas Voltaire I might not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.

29 Influence of the Enlightenment

30 Influence of the Enlightenment These political philosophies fueled revolutions in the Americas and France.

31 Influence of the Enlightenment America was owned by England

32 Influence of the Enlightenment America was owned by England They were being treated unfairly by the king and parliament

33 Influence of the Enlightenment America was owned by England They were being treated unfairly by the king and parliament They believed in the ideas of the enlightenment and decided to throw off the old government

34 Influence of the Enlightenment The majority of French people were poor

35 Influence of the Enlightenment The majority of French people were poor They resented the King and aristocracy (the rich) who were living it up while the poor got poorer

36 Influence of the Enlightenment The majority of French people were poor They resented the King and aristocracy (the rich) who were living it up while the poor got poorer They believed in the ideas of the enlightenment and decided to throw off the old government

37 Influence of the Enlightenment Thomas Jefferson s Declaration of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas.

38 Influence of the Enlightenment Thomas Jefferson s Declaration of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas. When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it (idea of Social Contract )

39 Influence of the Enlightenment Thomas Jefferson s Declaration of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness (John Locke s Life, Liberty, and Property )

40 Influence of the Enlightenment Thomas Jefferson s Declaration of Independence incorporated Enlightenment ideas. the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them (Hobbes State of Nature )

41 Influence of the Enlightenment The Constitution of the United States of America and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas.

42 Influence of the Enlightenment The Constitution of the United States of America and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas. Article. I. Section. 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

43 Influence of the Enlightenment The Constitution of the United States of America and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas. Article. I. Section. 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Article. II. Section. 1. The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America.

44 Influence of the Enlightenment The Constitution of the United States of America and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas. Article. I. Section. 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Article. II. Section. 1. The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. Article III. Section. 1. The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.

45 Influence of the Enlightenment The Constitution of the United States of America and Bill of Rights incorporated Enlightenment ideas. Article. I. Section. 1. All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. Article. II. Section. 1. The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. Article III. Section. 1. The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. (Montesquieu's Separation of Powers )

46 Essential Questions Who were some Enlightenment thinkers, and what were their ideas? How did philosophers of the Enlightenment influence thinking on political issues? How did the Enlightenment promote revolution in the American colonies?

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