Name: Data Representation in Computers. The OCR Specification says that you should be able to:

Transcription

1 Name: Data Representation in Computers The OCR Specification says that you should be able to: Units define the terms bit, nibble, byte, kilobyte, megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte understand that data needs to be converted into a binary format to be processed by a computer Numbers convert positive denary whole numbers (0-255) into 8-bit binary numbers and vice versa add two 8-bit binary integers and explain overflow errors which may occur convert positive denary integers (0-255) into 2-digit hexadecimal numbers and vice versa convert between binary and hexadecimal equivalents of the same number explain the use of hexadecimal numbers to represent binary numbers Characters explain the use of binary codes to represent characters explain the term character set describe with examples (for example ASCII and Unicode) the relationship between the number of bits per character in a character set and the number of characters which can be represented Images explain the representation of an image as a series of pixels represented in binary explain the need for metadata to be included in the file such as height, width and colour depth discuss the effect of colour depth and resolution on the size of an image file Sound explain how sound can be sampled and stored in digital form explain how sampling intervals and other considerations affect the size of a sound file and the quality of its playback Instructions explain how instructions are coded as bit patterns explain how the computer distinguishes between instructions and data

2 Past Paper Exam questions Jan (a) Calculate the denary value of the 8-bit binary number You must show your working. (b) Add the following two 8-bit binary numbers and explain the result. You must show your working. 2. (a) Explain how ASCII is used to represent text in a computer system. (b) State what is meant by the character set of a computer.

3 (c) Unicode is also used to represent text in a computer system. Explain the difference between the character sets of Unicode and ASCII. June (a) Convert the hexadecimal number 6A to denary. You must show your working. (b) Convert the hexadecimal number 6A to binary. (c) Convert the binary number to hexadecimal. (d) Explain why hexadecimal numbers are often used to represent binary numbers.

4 Jan Bytes, Kilobytes and Megabytes are units used for the amount of data stored in a computer. (a) State which of these units is most appropriate for the following items of data. A one page text document: A ten minute movie clip: A person s surname: (b) A computer has a hard disk of 2 Terabytes. How much is this in Gigabytes? You must show your working.

5 5. Peter takes a picture of himself and his friends to put on a social networking site. The picture is converted into pixels and stored as a bitmap file. (a) Tick one box in each row to show whether or not each of the following items must be included in the bitmap file. [5] (b) (i) What is meant by the resolution of the picture? (ii) How does the resolution affect the size of the bitmap file? June (a) Convert the denary number 55 to an 8 bit binary number. (b) Convert the denary number 55 to hexadecimal.

6 Jan (a) Add the following bytes. (b) State the problem that will occur if a computer is to store the result as a byte. 8. When recording a sound file on a computer, the sound needs to be sampled. (i) Describe how sampling is used when storing sound. (ii) Explain the effect of the sampling interval on the size and quality of the sound file recorded.

7 9 (a) Explain why data is stored in computers in a binary format. (b) In the ASCII character set, the character codes for the first three capital letters are given below. (ii) State how the ASCII character set is used to represent text i a computer. (ii) Convert the word CAB into binary using the ASCII character set.

8 (iii) Explain why the ASCII character set is not suitable for representing text in all the languages of the world. June Bob s computer has 512 kilobytes of ROM and 8 gigabytes of RAM. State how many bytes are in a kilobyte and a gigabyte. a kilobyte... a gigabyte... 5 Numbers can be represented in denary, binary or hexadecimal. (a) (i) Convert the binary number to denary, showing your working. (ii) Convert the denary number 154 to binary.

9 (b) The security code for an alarm system is a long binary number which begins The technicians prefer to use hexadecimal to enter the security code. (i) When the number is converted into hexadecimal, the first two digits are 8F as shown below Complete the gaps to show the next three digits. Binary: Hexadecimal: 8 F (ii) Explain why the technicians prefer to use hexadecimal.