4 Involuntary Servitude
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1 1 2 Reconstruction Ratify 3 4 Involuntary Servitude 13th Amendment
2 Officially approve a law The process the federal government used to help the Confederate States (South) to rejoin the Union (United States) Amendment (change) in the US Constitution Adopted in 1865 Bans slavery Bans involuntary servitude (being forced to serve someone) Being forced to serve someone
3 Lincoln s Plan For Reconstruction 5 6 President Abraham Lincoln s Plan (simplified) 7 Freedmen s Bureau Andrew Johnson 8
4 Southern states should: Quickly form new governments Send representatives to Congress Rejoin the Union Key is on forgiving the South A general amnesty for all willing to take an oath of loyalty to the United States States must pledge to obey all federal laws regarding slavery High Confederate officials and military leaders would temporarily be excused from actions during the Civil War States that had one-tenth of the citizens swear loyalty to the union would be allowed to reform their governments and send representatives to Congress Became President after Lincoln was killed Democrat Former slave owner A federal agency to assist former slaves Set up schools and hospitals for African- Americans Stubborn Distributed clothes, food and fuel throughout the South
5 9 10 Amnesty Pardon President Johnson s Plan Andrew Johnson s for Reconstruction Plan (simplified)
6 To officially allow someone who has been found guilty of a crime to go free without being punished An official order by the government that allows a group of people to go free The President should handle the Reconstruction Plan (not the Congress) A state must repeal its secession State governments must ratify the 13th Amendment (no more slavery) States must accept the supreme power of the federal government Amnesty offered to most white Southerners No pardons for high Confederate officials or rich white landowners Property would be returned to Southerners in exchange for a pledge of loyalty to the United states
7 13 14 Black Codes Radical Republicans 15 Radical Republican s Plan for Reconstruction 16 Radical Republican s Plan (simplified)
8 A group of congressmen (senators & representatives) Wanted to create a new order for the Laws passed by Southern states Limited freedom of former slaves South Wanted to give African- Americans African Americans had to have proof of employment or they could be made to work on full citizenship and plantations the right to vote African Americans could not meet in unsupervised The federal government should remake southern politics and society African-Americans should be given full citizenship The key to making this happen is in holding the South responsible - difficult at best. Southern states forced ratify the 14th Amendment for admittance to Union/Congress Created a new order for the South Gave African Americans full citizenship and the right to vote High ranking & wealthy landowning Southerners would have restricted rights High ranking & wealthy landowning Southerners would be held responsible for actions during the Civil War
9 17 18 Civil Rights 14th Amendment 19 Rise of African- Americans in government Impeach 20
10 Amendment (change) in the US Constitution Adopted in 1868 Anyone born or naturalized in the United states - including former slaves - citizens of the US Those rights granted to all citizens Formally accuse the president or a government official of improper conduct while in office Members of the Republican Political Party Ministers, teachers, skilled Workers More than 600 African-Americans served as senators and representatives in state legislatures 14 United States congressman were African- American
11 21 22 Acquitted Naturalization 40 Acres and a Mule 23 Sharecropping 24
12 Citizenship given to a person born outside of the United States Found not guilty of a crime A system in which landowners gave farmworkers (former slaves & poor whites) 1 land, 2 seed and 3 tools in return for a part of the crops they raised. The system kept the freedmen poor. A rumor that said that all freedmen would get 40 acres (land) and a mule. Most freedman never received the land or had it taken from them by the former landowners.
13 25 26 Ku Klux Klan Lynching President Ulysses S. Grant th Amendment
14 Killing African- Americans by hanging with a noose. Freedmen were killed on the spot without a trial for punishment for a crime. Radical Racist Group whose goals were: restore Democratic control of the South Keep former slaves powerless Keep a racially and morally pure America Amendment (change) in the U.S. Constitution Adopted in 1870 Citizens could not be stopped from voting because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude 18th President of the United States Republican Party Supported rights of African-Americans rights including voting Passed tough laws against the Ku Klux Klan
15 29 30 Suffrage Depression U.S. v. Cruikshank U.S. v. Reese
16 A period of time in a country when many people lose their jobs due to the failure of banks and businesses. The right to vote The Supreme Court ruled in favor of white Southerners who kept African-Americans from The Supreme Court ruled that the federal government could not punish individuals who violated the civil rights of voting. Allowed states to African-Americans. The Court declared that only states had that power. As a result, violence against African-Americans increased. require poll (voting) taxes (poor could not afford to vote), literacy tests (many could not read or write).
17 33 34 Poll Taxes Literacy Tests 35 Plessy v. Ferguson Compromise of
18 Required citizens to pass a reading test before they were allowed to vote. Many African-Americans could not read so they were not able to vote. Tax that is collected before a citizen is allowed to vote. Poor African-Americans were not able to afford the tax so they were not able to vote. Removal of federal troops from the South Government loans and land grants for construction of railroads to connect the South to the West Coast. Federal money for construction and improvement projects in the South. Democrats would promise to respect the rights of African- Americans civil and political rights. The Supreme Court ruled that the separation of races in public accommodations (schools, etc.) was legal.
19 37 38 Jim Crow Racism
20 The belief that some people are inferior (have less value) because of their race. Laws meant to enforce separation of black and white people.
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