PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT METHODS. Division Forage Science and Pasture Technology

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1 PASTURE ESTABLISHMENT METHODS Division Forage Science and Pasture Technology

2 Grassland - Pasture - Ranch Grassland (rangeland): area grown by natural grasses or/and other species, where wild animals are life in complex ecosystem (swampy, coastal etc.) Pasture : area grown by introduced grasses or/and legumes, which are utilized as feed, grazing animals, fences, cattle yard etc.. Ranch is a kind of managed pasture for industrial livestock production system and well equiped.

3 Grassland One type of biome A region where the average annual precipitation is great enough to support grasses, and in some areas a few trees. The precipitation is so eratic that drought and fire prevent large forests from growing. Grasses can survive fires because they grow from the bottom instead of the top

4 RANGE / PADANG RUMPUT ALAM

5 PASTURA/ PADANG RUMPUT BUATAN

6 Pasture Latin: pastus, past participle of pascere, "to feed Pasture can also refer to the grasses or other plants that grow in a pasture. As a verb, pasture means "to graze" or "to release animals into a pasture for grazing." Land used for grazing In the narrow sense are enclosed tracts of farmland Grazed throughout the summer

7 Pasture Ranch Features Extensively managed Creeping (trailing and twinning) species Grazing based Carrying capacity indicates pasture productivity Nutrient cycles is more conserved Animals : Ruminant, poultry, pigs, (birds & rabit are wild and commond found in pastureland)

8 Pasture Establisment Forage garden establishment Pasture establishment

9 Grass - Rubber Trees Integration

10 Steps of establishment Selection of appropriate location Calculate land area (largeness) based on requirement Selection of adapted species Land preparation Fertilization (Fertilizer application) Planting Maintaining Harvesting Post Harvest & Forage Conservation

11 Five steps in developing a pasture plan Create an inventory Define goals Determine grazing units Develop a grazing schedule Develop a monitoring and evaluation plan

12 Create an inventory Soil maps Plants type Other information

13 Soil maps Landscape Soil types

14 Plants type Key species Percent canopy cover Annual forage production

15 Pastoral Plant Species Brachiaria decumbens Molasses grass Digitaria decumbens Brachiaria humidicola Ruzi grass Panicum maximum

16 Arachis glabrata Centrosema pubescens Stylosanthes scabra Pueraria triloba Arachis pintoi Stylosanthes guyanensis Pueraria japonica

17 Other information Presence weeds Amount of bare ground Amount of residue

18 Components of the pasture 1. Landscape 2. Forage 3. Livestock 4. Water 5. Fence

19 Indonesian Pasture...

20 PT Indocement Post mining area for forage and animal production PT Kaltim Prima Coal

21 Guidelines for Pasture Design Keep livestock within 250 m of water Make paddocks as near to square as possible Follow contour lines of the landscape for paddock boundaries Make paddocks of similar grazing capacity, not similar size Use lanes for livestock movement

22 Keep livestock and water distance Improved grazing distribution More uniform manure distribution Increased water consumption

23 What does more nearly square really mean? This is more nearly square! This is less nearly square!

24 Why square? It takes less fence to enclose a square paddock of the same area 804,.. m 993,.. m If each paddock is 4 ha 1030,.. m

25 Why square? Less fence required Livestock are usually closer to water

26 Why square? Less fence required Livestock are usually closer to water More uniform grazing distribution

27 Temporal utilization rate (%) Impact of distance from water on temporal utilization rate in square and rectangular 4 ha paddocks square rectangular Distance to water (m)

28 Follow contour lines of the landscape for paddock boundaries Soil drainage Plant community Slope and aspect Erosion

29 Landscaping in Grassland

30 Make primary subdivisions along contour lines or major soil changes

31 Forage Production in Integration system Silvopastureal system Carrying capacity AU/ha/year Oil palm area 13.5 ha

32 Define goals Improve the economic value of the ranch? Maintain wildlife habitat? Improve water quality and quantity? Reduce noxious weeds?

33 Determine grazing units Divide the pastures into units that you can rotate animals through. Determine how much forage is available in each grazing unit and map it out. Remember that livestock should always be within a two-hour walk from water.

34 Forage Integration System Silvopasture Agropasture Agrosilvopasture A Home Task, Please find and learn about - Silvopasture? - Agropasture? - Agrosilvopasture?