EMC Document Sciences xpression

Transcription

1 EMC Document Sciences xpression Version 4.5 SP1 xpublish Output Processing Guide EMC Corporation Corporate Headquarters Hopkinton, MA

2 Legal Notice Copyright EMC Corporation. All Rights Reserved. EMC believes the information in this publication is accurate as of its publication date. The information is subject to change without notice. THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED AS IS. EMC CORPORATION MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PUBLICATION, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Use, copying, and distribution of any EMC software described in this publication requires an applicable software license. For the most up-to-date listing of EMC product names, see EMC Corporation Trademarks on EMC.com. Adobe and Adobe PDF Library are trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All other trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. Documentation Feedback Your opinion matters. We want to hear from you regarding our product documentation. If you have feedback about how we can make our documentation better or easier to use, please send us your feedback directly at ECD.Documentation.Feedback@emc.com

3 Table of Contents Revision History... 9 Chapter 1 Introduction Information Boxes xpressionhome EMC Document Sciences Technical Support Chapter 2 Images Bit Depth Black and White Diffusion Dither Pattern Halftone Screen Grayscale Indexed Color RGB CMYK RGB vs CMYK Spot Colors and Highlight Color Advanced Features Transparency Clipping Path Transparent Pixels Translucency Color Management Vector Graphics Metafile Formats Reproducing Images on Digital Devices How Printers Work PDF Halftone Screens Optimizing Images for Your Printing Process File Size and Performance Bit Depth Image Size Cropping Images Compression Lossless Compression Lossy Compression Right Sizing Files Resampling Images Maintaining Consistent Color Suggestions for Resolution Scanned Images Choosing Which Image Format to Use Supported Image Types

4 Table of Contents Some Unsupported Image Types Image Support vs Feature Support Transparency Support PDL Native Support PCL xpresso for Adobe InDesign Images Storing Images in the xpression Repository Images by Application Use G4 TIFF for Monochrome Images PDF Images JPEG Images JPEGs in AFP and PostScript Output Inline JPEGs in AFP Output JPEG Rendered in CMYK TIFF Images EPS Images ICC Color Profile Support Picking the Right Format for the PDL How xpression Decides Which Format to Use Image Type Limitations How xpression Determines the Image DPI How to Customize the Image Format Selection Customizing Image Format Selection Customizing Output Stream Image Format Selection General Image Type Recommendations for Your PDL Bar Code Images Images in xpresso Documents Embedding Images External Images Structuring Relative External Image References Working with Images in Your Document Scaling Images Transparency and Opacity in InDesign How xpression Handles Images The xadmin Image Utility Importing an Image to the Image Management Utility Images in Your xdesign Documents Images in Your xpresso Documents Printer Resident Images Image Optimization in AFP Output Going into Production Chapter 3 Using Fonts Anatomy of a Font Glyphs Font Metrics Encoding Single Byte and Double Byte WINANSI Unicode Font Formats Adobe Type Issues with Type 1 Fonts TrueType (.TTF) OpenType AFP Fonts

5 Table of Contents Using Fonts Embedding Fonts Printer Resident Fonts Subsetting User-Created Fonts How xpression Handles Fonts The Font Management Utility Large Character Fonts Asian Typography Support Fonts in Your xdesign Documents Fonts in Your xpresso Documents Migrating Fonts Fonts and Page Description Languages Using Fonts in PostScript Output Emitter Support Force the Use of Type 1 Fonts Converting TTF and OTF Fonts to Type Using Fonts in PDF Output Embedding Fonts in xpublish Using Fonts in AFP Output TrueType Fonts in AFP Manually Converting TrueType to AFP Outline Bullet Characters AFP Foreign Language Support Thai Fonts in AFP Output Emitter Support Converting Type 1 Fonts into AFP Outline Fonts Creating AFP Files that Do Not Embed Fonts Using Fonts in PCL Output Emitter Support Using PCL Fonts with xpression Convert TrueType Fonts to PCL Configuring the PCLFontMapping Property Parameters Fonts and Data Driven Graphics Converting Fonts to FSD Format Chapter 4 Page Description Languages AFP AFP Foreign Language Support Images Images on the Server JPEG Images xpresso for Adobe InDesign Image Fit Options CMYK Images Building TLE Items AFP PPD Files Reverse Printing Rotating Pages Resource IDs Limitations Mixed Orientation AFP Output Limitations Rotated Frames in AFP Output HTML PCL

6 Table of Contents PCL Font Support Images in PCL PCL PPD Files PDF Using PDF in xpression Fonts in PDF Embedding Fonts in xpublish Images in PDF ICC Color Profiles Reverse Printing Rotating Pages 180 Degrees PostScript PostScript PPD Files Reverse Printing Rotating Pages 180 Degrees Images in PostScript PPML Text TIFF Chapter 5 Glossary Adobe Type 1 Fonts Bit Depth Embedding Encoding Font Metrics Glyphs ICC Color Profiles Kerning Lossless Compression Lossy Compression Page Description Language (PDL) Pixels Resolution Spot Color Subsetting Unicode WINANSI

7 Table of Contents List of Tables 7

8 Table of Contents 8

9 Revision History Revision Date Description August, 2015 Updated TIFF Images, page 34. June, 2014 Initial publication 9

10 Preface 10

11 Introduction Chapter 1 This guide provides in-depth information about managing fonts and images in the xpression output processing system. Some information relates to specific versions of the server and may not apply to all versions. Information Boxes The following colored boxes alert you to special information in the documentation. Caution: The caution box warns you that a fatal error, unsatisfactory output, or loss of data may occur if you do not follow the directions carefully. Tip: A tip offers suggestions to simplify a task or describes a useful shortcut. They may also describe an alternate way to use the techniques described in the text. Note: A note offers information that emphasizes or supplements important points of the main text. xpressionhome The term xpressionhome refers to the location where xpression was installed on your server. By default on Windows servers, the location is C:\xPression, but your installer may have selected a different location during installation. Please consult with your administrators or IT personnel to determine the location where they installed xpression. Throughout the xpression documentation, we will refer to this location as xpressionhome. EMC Document Sciences Technical Support For more information or to solve a problem, you can contact EMC Document Sciences Technical Support in one of the following ways: Online Support: Telephone Support: 11

12 Introduction United States: Canada: Worldwide: For additional worldwide access numbers, visit: 12

13 Images Chapter 2 The simplest definition of a digital image is that it is a rectangular array of pixels. The pixel is the smallest and most basic unit of a digital image. Think of a piece of graph paper, where each square can be a color. A pixel plays the same role in a digital image. When images are represented on an imaging device at a particular size, they acquire resolution. The resolution of an image is the number of pixels per unit measure when displayed on a particular imaging device. For example, if you display a 100 x 100 pixel image at a size of 1 by 1, the image resolution would be 100 DPI (dots per inch). The same image could be scaled to 2"x2" and would then have the resolution of 50 DPI. Notice that the image itself does not have resolution, it only acquires resolution when displayed at a particular size. Some image formats include the image size in their definition, but this concept is artificial and exists only because it is convenient for many applications. Digital images are represented as raster images or vector graphics. Raster graphics represent images as a collection of pixels. Vector graphics use a series of drawing commands in a page description language designed to draw the graphic at the resolution of the output device. Bit Depth If a pixel is a square on a piece of graph paper (that represents your image) then Bit Depth, page 13 is the number of colors you can use to fill that square. With a binary image (1-bit per pixel), you have only one color - black (the paper is white). With a CMYK image (32-bit per pixel), you can use up to 4,294,967,296 different colors. Black and White The smallest type of image is the binary image where one bit is used to represent each pixel. With this type of image, photographic gray tones can be reproduced using several methods. 13

14 Images Diffusion Dither Pattern Dithering scatters different colored pixels in an image to make it appear as though there are intermediate colors in images with a limited color palette. Halftone Screen The more common way to represent shades of gray in a black and white raster format is the halftone screen. Halftone is a technique that simulates continuous tone imagery through the use of equally spaced dots of varying size. This image has been reproduced using a halftone screen. Grayscale Grayscale images are composed exclusively of shades of neutral gray, varying from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest. Grayscale images use 8-bits per pixel. Each pixel is defined as a black value between 0 and 255. Grayscale images are distinct from black-and-white images in that they have many shades of gray in between black and white. Indexed Color Indexed color also uses only 8-bits per pixel, but adds color. Indexed color works by creating a palette of colors (256) and only using those colors in the image. When creating indexed color, the palette (the complete set of colors available) determines the color fidelity. Programs that create indexed color files can either use a standard palette (like the standard 256 color palette used by Windows) or an adaptive palette. To create an adaptive palette you must use a program that analyzes the colors in the image and picks the 256 that will best represent the image. In all indexed color images, the original RGB or CMYK values are replaced by the closest palette value using dithering when necessary. Indexed color files can be grayscale, RGB or CMYK depending upon what values are in the palette. Successful use of indexed color depends upon the use of color in the image and the skill of the developer who created the algorithm for picking the palette of colors to use. RGB The RGB color model is native to devices like televisions and computer monitors. It is called the Additive model, because you start out with black, and if you add 100% of Red, Green, and Blue you get white. In this model, each pixel is defined by 3 8-bit quantities representing red, green, and blue. 128, 128, 128 would be a gray color. 0,0,0 would be black, and 255, 255, 255 would be white. This is not the native color model for printing, and thus must be converted to CMYK before it can be printed. As you will see in RGB vs CMYK, page 15, this is a highly subjective process. 14

15 Images CMYK In a CMYK image, each pixel is represented by 4 8-bit values, each representing the colors Cyan, Magenta, Yellow and Black. This is the native color model for printing and is used for most print applications. There are color models with more colors that use additional colors (to more faithfully reproduce blues, flesh tones etc.), but they are not supported by xpression. CMYK is called the subtractive color model because the paper starts out white, and by adding transparent ink, less and less light is reflected from the paper to your eye. RGB vs CMYK RGB color can reproduce basically the same range of colors as CMYK with only 75% of the data, so why use CMYK? RGB to CMYK is more like a translation than a direct conversion. This translation is much like translating from one language to another. As with language, some meaning (color) can be lost in the translation As with language when you translate RGB > CMYK > RGB you will not get the same value you began with As with language, the translation may be different depending upon who translates it (Photoshop, the printer, or xpression image converters) Spot Colors and Highlight Color Both RGB and CMYK color models use a number of colors in combination to recreate all colors. Spot or highlight color models do not attempt to recreate all colors, instead each color is printed with its own ink. Spot color is used when a process color (CMYK equivalent) is not sufficient. For example, if you are Coke, there is a specific "Coke Red" color that is required. If you are printing a color brochure, you will use CMYK plus a spot color in "Coke Red." The spot color will only be used when printing the logo or other things that you specifically want in that color. Even though 5 colors are being used, the 5th color is NOT used in combination with CMYK, is used in specific spots to provide an exact color match. It is not uncommon in high-end print applications to use many spot colors in addition to CMYK. When generating output, each highlight or spot color is given its own 8-bit image (256 shades). In offset printing there are a number of ink vendors who sell specific colors of ink (For example, Pantone and Focoltone). PMS (Pantone Matching System) colors are very commonly used as spot color. When offset printing, you can use black plus one spot to be equivalent to digital highlight color, also at a much lower production cost. 15

16 Images Advanced Features There are a number of advanced features that are available when reproducing images. These features are extensions of the basic concept of an image and are not available in all client applications, print streams or image formats. For a list of features and their support across image formats and PDLs, see Image Support vs Feature Support, page 27. Transparency Image transparency is the ability to define a portion of an image so that it does not appear, allowing the background to show. Transparency allows the background to completely show through. Images are rectangular arrays of pixels. If your image is not rectangular, you need transparency to avoid displaying the full rectangular image. This feature is not supported by every image format or by every page description language. Clipping Path In PostScript you can define an enclosed area (a path) that will be preserved while the rest of the image is cut off or clipped. Transparent Pixels Certain pixels within the image can be designated as transparent. Where these pixels appear, the image is transparent and the background shows through. Translucency Translucency is where various objects can be layered using the opacity setting available in applications like Adobe InDesign. This feature is not supported by xpression. The reason is that this is not a natural function provided by any print stream. The work around for this feature is to montage images in a program like Photoshop. Color Management Color management is the controlled conversion between the color representations of various devices (such as digital cameras, monitors, TV screens, film printers, computer printers, and offset presses) and corresponding media. 16

17 Images The primary goal of color management is to obtain a good color match across devices such as printers and monitors. This goal is accomplished by measuring the response of each color managed device and compensating for its inaccuracies when displaying colors. Each managed device has an ICC (International Color Consortium) profile that describes its response. Vector Graphics Vector Graphics use a series of drawing commands in a page description language to draw the graphic. Vector graphics are always images at the resolution of the output device (for PDF, the computer monitor). In a PDF file, you could zoom to 2000% and never see the effects of pixelization (the ability to see stair stepping or large pixels in an image). For this reason, vector files are called "resolution independent." The benefits of vector graphics are also apparent when printing documents at high resolution. Raster images have a fixed number of pixels. As you enlarge them, the pixels become larger and the resolution (the number of pixels per unit measure) goes down. For this reason raster images are called "resolution dependent." CAD (Computer Aided Design) programs, Adobe Illustrator, CorelDraw and other programs can create vector graphic files. Outline fonts are also examples of vector graphics. Metafile Formats Certain programs allow you to combine vector graphics and images in a single file. These formats are called Metafile formats. The most well known are WMF (Windows Metafile), PostScript, and PDF. Reproducing Images on Digital Devices The majority of xpression users produce electronic documents or documents for print on digital printers. This section will discuss the issues related to maintaining the balance between production efficiency and image quality for these devices. How Printers Work In this section, we will walk through the process that illustrates how printers receive, process, and produce xpression documents. First, xpression produces an output file in one of several page description languages (PDLs) such as PDF, PostScript, AFP, or PCL. The file is sent to the printer through a batch or transactional process. These files are then converted into binary images at the device resolution for each color to be printed. This process is called rasterization. In PostScript, this process is performed by the RIP (Raster Image 17

18 Images Processor). The rasterization or RIP process merges all images, vector graphics, and text into a single image that can be fed to the marking engine. For example, if you have a 600 DPI Black and white printer, the result of the RIP process is a 1-bit image at 600 DPI. For a full color printer, it would be 4 1-bit images corresponding to C, M, Y, and K marking engines. Next, the file is rasterized. This image is transferred to the marking engine. In a laser printer, a laser aimed at a photo-sensitive drum writes the image onto the drum of the printer. Each pixel is reproduce by having a laser shine or not shine at a point on the drum. This changes the magnetic qualities of the drum. As the drum turns it picks up magnetized plastic powder called toner. Paper is charged with a reverse polarity so that it attracts the powder, and the paper passes by the drum magnetically transferring the toner to the paper. The paper is then heated to a very high temperature in a fusing unit to melt the toner onto the paper. 18

19 Images PDF PDF is viewed using Adobe Acrobat. Acrobat is an RGB RIP. It takes PDF files, which are in a metafile format, rasterizes them to screen resolution in RGB, and displays them on your monitor. When printing from Acrobat, the print driver converts the PDF into a PDL appropriate for your printer. Halftone Screens On most digital print devices, each color is defined by a 1-bit image. As a result, the image can only contain ink or not contain ink. 19

20 Images In order to simulated shades of gray, a process called halftoning or screening is used. The device pixels are divided into halftone cells, and some number of those pixels are colored to approximate tints of the color being imaged. In the sample above, the halftone cell is 8x8 pixels (64 total pixels). The cell on in the lower left hand corner has 32 pixels colored black and is representing 50% black. Because there are 64 total pixels, this scenario can only represent 64 shades of gray. The following list contains tips for using halftone screens: When producing a screened photographic image, the effective resolution can be no higher than the screen frequency (typically between 60 and 130 lines per inch (LPI)) as a halftone cell can represent only one pixel of an image. The number of colors that can be represented in a halftoned image are directly related to the LPI of the screens used to reproduce them. The higher the LPI of the screen, the smaller the halftone cell in device pixels, and the fewer the shades of gray that can be reproduced. Despite the fact that we save images with 256 colors or gray shades, digital printing can not reproduce 256 shades of any color because of limits imposed by screens and by the devices themselves. Optimizing Images for Your Printing Process By default, xpression does a great job of optimizing the performance and quality of images used in documents. In general, you don t have to think too much about how they function, they just work. There are particular jobs and particular images that require fine tuning. Usually, there are two major issues to consider: File size and image quality. Larger file sizes do not always equate to better quality. This section will focus on how to optimize file size for performance and quality. 20

21 Images File Size and Performance In PDL files, the image is usually the largest component and contributes most to the file size. Images slow down every document creation and management process: Creating the PDL file (xpublish) Storage of the files (Network disk space) Spooling (Network bandwidth and maybe making another copy of the big files) Processing at the Printer (Printer or server in front of the printer) Archiving output (Archive system) Retrieval of archive output (Viewer) In most workflows, large image file sizes affect performance in many different areas for each output file. If you are using many images, it makes sense to attempt to optimize them. In general, handling large images will hurt the performance of any digital system, so it is always in the interest of users to ensure your images are detailed enough to be good quality, and compact enough to lessen the impact on performance. There are three major things that effect image file size: Bit depth, image size, and compression. Bit Depth Bit depth effects file size in a linear way. For example: Binary (1-bit per pixel) = 1 MB Grayscale or indexed color (8-bit per pixel) = 8 MB RGB Color Image (24-bit per pixel) = 24 MB CMYK Color image (32-bit per pixel) = 32 MB As the bit depth is increased, the size of the file also increases based on the number of bits per pixel. Image Size Image size effects the file size in a non-linear way. For example, if you had a binary image sized to 8.5 x 11 at 300 DPI, the total number of pixels can be calculated as follows: 8.5 x 11 x 300 x 300 = 1.05 MB If we double the resolution we make the file four times bigger. 8.5 x 11 x 600 x 600 = 4.02 MB 21

22 Images Cropping Images One way to reduce image file size is to ensure that the image is cropped tightly. This also ensures that the image is not larger than expected when used in a document. In some cases (such as with a scanned image), there may be a lot of extra white space around the actual image that doesn t need to be included. Cropping the image ensures that only the necessary image data is included in the image file. Compression Compression has both performance advantages and disadvantages. It can dramatically reduce file sizes, but also requires more processing time to perform compression and decompression. With xpression, we have optimized compression and decompression so that in most cases the performance benefits of compression outweigh the processing time required. There are two basic types of image compression: Lossless and Lossy. Lossless Compression Lossless compression refers to compression techniques in which no data is lost. The PKZIP, ZIP, and TAR compression technologies are example of lossless compression. For most types of data, lossless compression techniques can reduce the space needed by only about 50%. These compression schemes encode redundant data with a description of that data. For example: Lossless compression can compress this redundant string in this way: 32 zeros When Lossless compression decompress the string, it is reproduced exactly. If you think of images like faxed documents, there is a lot of white area that will compress very well. If you try the same thing with the following string, you will notice that compression is not as effective: In fact, when compressing non-repetitive data, file sizes can actually be larger after compression than before. 22

23 Images Lossy Compression Refers to data compression techniques in which some amount of data is lost. Lossy compression technologies attempt to eliminate redundant or unnecessary information. When you compress and decompress data with lossy compression, you may retrieve data that is different from the original, but close enough to be useful in some way. Lossy compression is most commonly used to compress multimedia data (MP3, video, JPEG). While you lose data, the benefits to file size are substantial. Lossy compression is most effective on photographic images, but the loss of quality may be more noticeable when trying to produce line art and text. Right Sizing Files The general procedure for handling performance issues is to build the system as quickly and efficiently as possible, then test the performance. If the performance is not sufficient, you can look for ways to improve it. This is the case when dealing with images in xpression. However you must also consider the scale and lifetime impact of a job. If the job is large in scale or long in duration, a few excessively large images could have a very high lifetime impact and should be dealt with despite the fact that they meet initial performance requirements. Resampling Images xpublish has the ability to resample images to a lower resolution, which results in smaller file sizes. Resampling is done at the Output Definition level. You can resample images for AFP, PostScript, PDF, and TIFF Output Definitions. Output Definitions are one of the three components that make up an output stream. By resampling images in your Output Definition, you can control which documents are affected by creating multiple streams. The primary use case for this feature is that it allows you to build a document for output in high-resolution print ( DPI) and then create a stream for PDF that is at a lower resolution (for example, 96 DPI). This dramatically decreases file sizes for PDF. The downside is that image quality and color fidelity may suffer. Use this feature with caution. Additionally, ICC profiles are not honored when the image is resampled. Do not use resampling with images that use ICC profiles. For more information, see Color Management, page

24 Images Maintaining Consistent Color The biggest problem in maintaining consistent color is the subjective nature of the conversion between RGB and CMYK color. This will not be an issue for most images, but if high-fidelity color is needed, follow these suggestions: Use only RGB or only CMYK color. By eliminating this conversion, you ensure the colors will always be consistent. Always include images that can be handled natively by the PDL. If you start with the image type that is native to your PDL, that image type will be available when producing your documents. This ensures your colors remain consistent because there is no need for xpression to do an automatic conversion of your images. ICC profiles are only honored in certain situations. For more information, see ICC Color Profile Support, page 35. Do not use the resampling feature if you are using images with ICC profiles, they will not be honored. Suggestions for Resolution Image resolution is usually the first setting to adjust when tuning for performance. As a general guideline, the resolution for photographic images usually never needs to be more than 200 DPI. To determine an acceptable resolution for your images, print a representative image at 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, and 250 DPI. Compare the images and choose the lowest resolution that meets your requirements. In many instances, it can be hard to tell the difference between images above 125 DPI. However, this will be different for different types of images. For example, if you are reproducing images that contain text and line-art, the resolution will need to be higher, but typically the bit depth can be lower. For these files your test can range from 175 DPI to 400 DPI or higher depending the quality of your printing process. Recommended DPI for color images (not line art) are as follows: 150 DPI Acceptable Quality 200 DPI Good Quality 250 DPI Better Quality 300 DPI Best Quality DPI only for very high-end offset and laser printing processes Recommended DPI for line art (scans of text, very fine line art) are as follows: 150 DPI Fax Quality 200 DPI Good Quality 250 DPI Better Quality 300 DPI Very Good Quality DPI High-end Quality 24

25 Images Scanned Images A common practice for getting images into digital form for publishing is to scan them. When you scan images, it is important to consider the following: Scanned image DPI doesn t have to equal the printer DPI. This can result in images that are much larger than necessary. For example, if your printer DPI is 1200, you should still scan images in at no more than 300 DPI (or the lowest DPI that gives the required quality). If you scan all the images in at 1200 DPI, that is 800 DPI more information contained in each image than is most likely necessary to get quality output. Images should be scanned at the DPI required for the output. Lower DPI images can t be resized later to work for a higher DPI output. Resizing a 72 DPI image to 300 DPI will not improve the lack of detail in the edges of the image that appears in the 72 DPI image. If the image is to be used in print output, don t scan the image at DPI. This DPI range doesn t have enough resolution to create acceptable print output. If an image is to be used in print and archive output, scan the image at the acceptable print DPI, then save a lower resolution copy of the image for the archive output. Choosing Which Image Format to Use As we have learned, all images are rectangular arrays of pixels. Why should there be more than one file format for storing them? Different formats are better for different types of images, and also for different types of output devices. As a result, we have to perform a multi-dimensional analysis to resolve the issue. When deciding what image format to use in your xpression documents, consider each output type that may be created with the document. Choosing an image format that is supported for each of the required output types is a good idea. For example, JPEG images are supported for almost all xpression output types, so it s a good choice for documents that will be output in several formats. Supported Image Types There are many things to consider when it comes to using images in your documents. Before you make any decisions, it is important to know what image formats the xpression Publish publishing engine supports for each output format. If the output format doesn t support an image format, xpression will attempt to convert it to a supported format. For more information, see Picking the Right Format for the PDL, page 36. When talking about image support in xpression, there are two types of support: direct and indirect. Directly supported image formats are supported by the output format, and are passed directly through to the publishing engine. Indirectly supported image formats are supported by the output format only if compressed in a specific fashion. For indirectly supported image formats, xpression will extract the necessary data and embed it, which may impact performance. The following table details the xpression image support for each supported output format. 25

26 Images Image Format AFP DOCX HTML PCL PDF/PPML PostScript BMP Unsupported Directly Supported Directly Supported Unsupported GIF Unsupported Directly Supported JPEG (JFIF) Directly Supported Directly Supported Directly Supported Directly Supported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported PNG Unsupported Directly Supported TIFF (Group 4) TIFF (Monochrome ) TIFF (Grayscale) TIFF (Color) Note: Directly Supported Indirectly Supported Directly Supported Unsupported Unsupported Directly Supported Indirectly Supported PDF Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported EPS Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Unsupported Indirectly Supported Directly Supported Directly Supported Indirectly Supported Directly Supported Directly Supported Directly Supported Directly Supported xpression uses EPS images, not PostScript (PS) images. If you attempt to import PS images through xadmin, xpression will create an exception. If you have PS images you want to use with xpression, please recreate them as EPS. xpublish does not support AFP Highlight color. If xpublish encounters an AFP highlight color image, it will be converted to black and white. xpression supports only one type of CMYK image.for AFP output: CMYK TIFF images using LZW compression. Unsupported Directly Supported Unsupported Directly Supported Unsupported Unsupported Directly Supported Directly Supported Directly Supported Directly Supported Some Unsupported Image Types The following image formats and types are not supported. Image Type Animated GIFs Description Animated GIFs are not supported. Animated GIFs are comprised of a number of images in the same file. The animation effect occurs when an application, like Internet Explorer, switches between the images. If you import an animated GIF, xpression extracts only the first image in the sequence. 26

27 Images Image Type EPS Image with TIFF Proof/Preview Certain Compressed TIFFS Description If you import an EPS image that contains a TIFF proof or preview, xpression will only import the TIFF image because the TIFF proof precedes the EPS image in the file. xpression will treat the image as a TIFF and not as an EPS. xpression only supports the following compressions: Uncompressed, Huffman RLE (CCITT 1D), Group 4, LZW and PackBits compressions. Image Support vs Feature Support This chart shows some popular image formats and the features that xpression can support in each when the image is used as an external image. In some cases, if the image is embedded in a document, the host for the design tool may not support the feature. For example, in xdesign and xpresso for Word, a CMYK image embedded in the a document will be converted to RGB by Microsoft Word. For more information on transparency, see Transparency Support, page 27. BW Grayscale Indexed RGB CMYK Spot Transparency JPEG no no no no EPS See Transparency Support PDF GIF * no no no * TIFF Color LZW and Packbits TIFF Mono LZW, G4, No Compression no no no no no no no no TIFF Huffman RLE no no no no no no PNG no no no BMP no no no * GIF grayscale and transparency are only supported for PDF output. The image may not output correctly in other output types. Transparency Support 27

28 Images Support for transparency in EPS images is limited according to the output format: APF. AFP doesn t support EPS, and converting EPS to a supported format for AFP will probably cause transparency to be lost. PostScript. Transparency is supported for PostScript output from xdesign, xpresso for Adobe InDesign, and xpresso for Word. PDF. PDF doesn t support EPS, but does support transparency in other image formats. If transparency is need for images in PDF output, consider using another image format. TIFF does support transparency; however the transparency that it produces is not supported by xpression. TIFF is a very open, flexible format that allows just about anything to be stored within it. Most applications, including xpression, support only a subset of what TIFF can do. PDL Native Support Ideally, it is best to choose image formats that are native to the output stream you are creating. When the format is native to the output stream, the image can be copied without decoding into the PDL. When utilizing the xpublish content stamp feature with images, you must choose a format that is supported natively by the PDL. The following table identifies which image types and features are natively supported for each PDL. PDL Support PDF PS AFP PCL BW Gray Indexed Color Color / Feature Support RGB Color CMYK Color Spot Color TIFF G4 no no no no no no TIFF Huffman RLE TIFF LZW and Packbits TIFF uncomp no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no JPEG no no no no no EPS no no GIF no no no no no no PDF no no no Transparency TIFF Color LZW no no no no no PNG no no no no no no BMP no no no no no no no 28

29 Images PCL PCL 5 does not support color, and only supports black and white TIFF images. To get images to output in PCL, you must start with a G4 Tiff image. xpresso for Adobe InDesign Images When images are embedded in an xpresso for Adobe InDesign document, a conversion automatically occurs during the packaging process. Only those images that are embedded are converted, images that are externally referenced are not converted during packaging. The InDesign snapshot function is used to convert every embedded image to PNG and JPEG; EPS images are also converted to PDF. Each different image format is contained in the package. For all output formats, except PCL, this conversion provides a supported image format for the xpression Publish publishing engine. Storing Images in the xpression Repository When you save an image in an xdesign document, upload an image to the xpression Repository through xadmin, or import an image through a PDPX, xpression stores the image in a particular format, or series of formats. The following charts shows how xpression stores your images. Formats highlighted in bold indicate that the format is the original file placed in the document. Image Color Sub -Type TIFF Mono Mono Mono Huff RLE LZW Binary Format(s) Stored in the xpression Repository G4 Mono G4 G4 Mono G3 G4 Color JPEG PNG, JPEG BMP RGB BMP, PNG, G4 (if BW), JPEG (if color) EPS JPEG PDF RGB CMYK RGB CMYK RGB CMYK JPEG EPS, JPEG, PNG, PDF JPEG PDF, EPS, PNG, JPEG 29

30 Images Image Color Sub -Type Format(s) Stored in the xpression Repository GIF Index GIF, PNG, G4 (for BW), JPEG (for color) PNG RGB PNG, G4 (for BW), JPEG (for color) 30

31 Images Images by Application The following table describes image requirements and suggested formats to fulfill the requirements. Requirement Suggested Comments Black and white Small file size 256 colors (8 bit) Small file size Photographs Electronic output Transparency High Quality Color Photographs (RGB, CMYK) High Quality Color Line art, photographs, clipping paths, etc. All color models CMYK or other color models RGB CITT G4 TIFF GIF PNG JPG EPS JPEG or EPS JPEG, EPS, or PNG This is a very standard, compact way to store monochrome images. CITT G4 TIFF is the format used by fax machines. This is a compact, web oriented format. It is suited for lower color fidelity applications with electronic formats. This is a compact RGB format that supports transparency. It is ideally suited for electronic outputs, but will not maintain transparency in PostScript, and is limited to RGB color. JPG is lossy, meaning that its file size is reduced by removing parts of the image. JPG is very compact and a great format for photographs. This format is only supported by PostScript and some AFP devices. This is the only format suitable for images applications that require clipping paths. Cropping All Cropping is supported When making PDF a PNG version of the EPS file is created. This PNG file will support clipping paths if they are contained in the EPS file. Alpha channels are not supported for transparency. In EPS, any color model can be used, provided it is supported by the output device. Rotation All Image rotation is supported. Scaling All Scaling is supported 31

32 Images Requirement Suggested Comments Transparency EPS with clipping path This is the only format that will work for transparency in PostScript. When EPS files with clipping paths are used for PostScript, an RGBA PNG file is created for use in PDF. The RGBA (A is for alpha and indicates alpha channel support) allows for transparency in the PDF stream for EPS images. All other methods of defining transparency are not supported in PostScript. Translucency All Translucency is not supported. Opacity All Opacity is not supported. Use G4 TIFF for Monochrome Images For single bit images, G4 TIFF is the most popular option. It offers excellent compression and universal compatibility. Importantly, most output devices have specific hardware acceleration to support this format, increasing performance at the printer where it really counts. The PCL Emitter only accepts G4, LZW and uncompressed monochrome TIFF files. PDF Images PDF support in xpression output can be classified in two categories: PDF images (less than a page) and full- or multi-page PDFs. PDF images are supported for use in PDF, PostScript, and PPML output. The following table details how each type of PDF can be included in a document for each xpression design tool. Design Tool PDF Images Multi-page PDFs xdesign xpresso for Adobe InDesign xpresso for Word Universal Content Image External Image External Content InDesign Place Function From an ECM Repository Image Variable Universal Content Image Item Word Insert Function From an ECM Repository Image Variable Universal Content Image Item Universal Content Place PDF Function Universal Content Item Universal Content Item 32

33 Images Note: (1) In xpresso, if you insert a multi-page PDF file using an image variable or through online mode, only the first page of the PDF will be inserted in the document as an image. (2) If you include a PDF image in a document that is published to an output format that doesn t support PDF, a supported image format that was created during an image conversion will be used. For more information, see Picking the Right Format for the PDL, page 36. When you insert a multi-page PDF through universal content, you can denote which pages of the PDF are to be inserted into the document. Universal content also enables you to define TOC options, formatting options, and inclusion conditions. JPEG Images Please review the following topics about JPEG support: JPEGs in AFP and PostScript Output, page 33 Inline JPEGs in AFP Output, page 33 JPEG Rendered in CMYK, page 34 JPEGs in AFP and PostScript Output If the JPEG (.jpg,.jpeg) image has an irregular format, the xpublish publishing engine will not be able to use it to produce PostScript or AFP output. A JPEG image is irregular if it contains one of the following: More than one SOI (Start of Image: FFD8) tag. This tag should appear only once at the beginning of the file. More than one SOS (Start of Scan: FFDA) tag. This tag indicates the beginning of the image scan. You can use a utility such as IrfanView ( to re-save irregular JPEG images, and then use the newly saved images in your document. Inline JPEGs in AFP Output xpression uses AFP Function Set 11 to embed JPEG images inline. Note the following limitations when you insert inline JPEG images for AFP output: The JPEG images must be 24 bit RGB. Function Set 11 is not be supported by all IBM InfoPrint systems and printers. Please contact your vendor to ensure that Function Set 11 is supported. xpression uses "Scale to Fit" to scale an image to fit the frame size, but some InfoPrint systems and printers may not support "Scale to Fit". In that case, you have to manually resize the image to the same size as the frame. 33

34 Images JPEG Rendered in CMYK Internet Explorer 8 does not support JPEG images rendered in CMYK mode. Images must be rendered in RGB mode if you are using Internet Explorer 8 with xreponse, xrevise, or the xdesign Online Editor. TIFF Images The xpression Publish publishing engine currently supports four types of TIFF images: Bi-level images (monochrome images) Grey scale images RGB full color images Separation images (CMYK only) The following types of TIFF images are not currently supported: RGB palette images YCrCb images CIE Lab images JPEG embedded images Note: If you are using a multiple-page TIFF image as universal content in your document, the page size the TIFF image is always Letter in the outputs. The following table details xpression TIFF image support. Compression Method Features Bi-level Grey scale Image Types RGB No compression Yes Yes Yes Yes CMYK CCITT 1D (Modified Huffman) Yes N/A N/A N/A CCITT G3 CCITT G4 1D Yes N/A N/A N/A 2D Yes N/A N/A N/A Fill Bits Before EOL Uncompressed Mode Yes N/A N/A N/A No N/A N/A N/A Normal Yes N/A N/A N/A Uncompressed Mode No N/A N/A N/A Pack Bits Yes Yes Yes Yes LZW Yes Yes Yes Yes 34

35 Images Bits Per Sample Fill Order Features Bi-level Grey scale Image Types RGB CMYK 1 Yes N/A N/A N/A 2 N/A Yes Yes Yes 4 N/A Yes Yes Yes 8 N/A Yes Yes Yes 16 N/A Yes Yes Yes Normal Yes N/A N/A N/A Reversed Yes N/A N/A N/A Color Presentation Planar or interlaced Image Data Storage Black is one Yes Yes N/A N/A White is one Yes Yes N/A N/A Planar (for example, RRRGGGBBB) N/A N/A Yes Yes Interlaced (for example, RGBRGBRGB) Stripes N/A N/A Yes Yes Single Strip Yes Yes Yes Yes Multiple Strips Yes Yes Yes Yes Tiled No No No No Extra Samples (Transparency) No No No No EPS Images Be aware of the following issues with EPS images: If an EPS image cannot be opened in GSVIEW, it will not be converted successfully by the xpression system. If you use an image variable to point to an EPS image, the image will disappear when previewing it as PDF in an xpression client application. ICC Color Profile Support Embedded ICC color profiles in EPS, JPEG and PDF files can be passed through xpression to printer drivers or RIP processors. xpression can t pass ICC color profiles in TIFF images. For the supported image types, xpression can pass the profile, but the profile can t be used by xpression to match color. xpression has no knowledge of the type of printer or RIP processor that will be used, and therefore, can not resolve color matching. Passing ICC profiles is supported in EPS files when output to PostScript; or when converted to PDF or JPEG by xpresso for Adobe InDesign, and then output to PDF. You must ensure that pdf and jpeg appear at the beginning of the image list for PDF output in the configuration file. 35

36 Images Passing ICC profiles is supported in JPEG files when output to PostScript and PDF, and in PDF files when output to PDF. Any kind of conversion or processing on the image by the xpression Server will break the ICC color profile, especially the Resample Image to Output Resolution function. Picking the Right Format for the PDL It is true that xpression will do image conversion. However, if you really want to optimize image usage, then you should start with the image format that is best suited for your output. In this section we will show you how xpression decides which image format to use for your output PDL, we will show you how to customize this format selection, and give you some recommendations on which image type to use for your output PDLs. The following table details which format each unsupported image is converted to for each output format. An entry of N/A means the image format is supported for the output format (so no conversion is necessary); an entry of None means the image is not supported, but no image conversion occurs. Original Image AFP DOCX HTML PCL PDF/PPML PostScript BMP JPEG N/A N/A None JPEG JPEG EPS JPEG JPEG, PNG JPEG, PNG None PDF, JPEG, PNG GIF JPEG N/A N/A None N/A JPEG JPEG (JFIF) N/A N/A N/A None N/A N/A PDF JPEG JPEG JPEG None N/A JPEG PNG JPEG, Group 4 N/A N/A N/A None N/A JPEG TIFF (Group 4) N/A JPEG JPEG N/A N/A N/A TIFF (Monochrome) Group 4 JPEG JPEG Group 4 N/A N/A TIFF (Grayscale) None JPEG JPEG None N/A N/A TIFF (Color) None JPEG JPEG None N/A N/A How xpression Decides Which Format to Use When you place any image into the xpression Repository, xpression automatically generates an image format compatible with Web output to support previewing the image from xadmin. For publishing on the Server xpression selects an image format that is best suited for the output type. The image type that is used during publishing is controlled by a setting in the DCPI.properties configuration file, located in the xpressionhome directory on the xpression Server. Each output 36

37 Images format has a parameter in the file that contains a list of supported image formats. The order of the image formats determines the order xpression will select an image format to publish. The following table shows xpression s default image format selection for each output type. PDL AFP DOCX and HTML PCL PDF PostScript TIFF Default Image Selection PDF, JPG, JPEG, GIF PNG, JPG, GIF, BMP PNG, JPEG, JPG, GIF, BMP TIF, TIFF TIF, TIFF, PNG, PDF, JPG, JPEG, GIF, BMP PDF, EPS, JPG, JPEG, TIFF TIF, TIFF, PDF, PNG, JPG, JPEG, GIF, BMP Image Type Limitations Some image types that are supported by xpression are not supported by all output types. The following limitations apply: PDF supports all image types supported by xpression PostScript supports all image formats supported by xpression except PNG. PCL supports Group4 only. How xpression Determines the Image DPI For raster images (TIFF, GIF, BMP, JPG) xpression determines the DPI resolution of auto-generated images by attempting to use the image resolution value embedded in the image. If the value is not embedded in the image, xpression uses the default resolution of 72 DPI. For PDF and PostScript images, xpression converts these images to raster images, assigning DPI values as follows: 300 DPI for Print images 96 DPI for Web images How to Customize the Image Format Selection You can customize how xpression selects image formats for your PDL in two ways. First, you can customize the default image format selection for each PDL by editing the configuration file on your server. This change affects the entire xpression system. Secondly, you can customize the image format selection for individual output streams. These output stream settings override the default preferences set in the configuration file. 37

38 Images Customizing Image Format Selection You can customize the default image format selection method by editing the DCPI.properties file for your server. The DCPI.properties file is located in the xpressionhome directory (by default, C:\xPression). The changes made to this file affect the entire xpression system, but will be overwritten by any preferences you set in the individual output stream. The DCPI.properties file contains seven properties that enable you to specify the image format selection preference: ImagePreferenceForPDF ImagePreferenceForPS ImagePreferenceForAFP ImagePreferenceForTIFF ImagePreferenceForHTML ImagePreferenceForDOCX ImagePreferenceForPCL To edit the file: 1. Navigate to the xpressionhome directory. 2. Locate and open the DCPI.properties file in an editor. 3. Locate the following section in the DCPI.properties file. # BarcodeResolution=72 # # Image format preference for different output type. When a image # is selected or created the format preference will be concerned. # #ImagePreferenceForPDF=tif;tiff;pdf;jpg;jpeg;png;gif;bmp ImagePreferenceForPS=eps;jpg;jpeg;tif ImagePreferenceForAFP=jpg;jpeg;gif;tif;tiff;group4 ImagePreferenceForHTML=png;jpg;jpeg;gif;bmp ImagePreferenceForPDF=tif;tiff;pdf;png;jpg;jpeg;gif;bmp ImagePreferenceForPCL=tif;tiff 4. Locate the property for your output PDL. For example, for PostScript: ImagePreferenceForPS=eps;jpg.jpeg;tif 5. The first image format listed in the value of the property is the first image xpression attempts to select for the output PDL. 6. Change the order as needed and save the DCPI.properties file when completed. Customizing Output Stream Image Format Selection You can customize the image format selection method at the output stream level in xadmin. 38

39 Images The Image Preference button enables you to reorder the image format preference for your output stream. The preferences defined here overwrite the default image format selection preferences defined in the DCPI.properties file, and apply only to the documents in the output stream. To set the image preference for the output stream: 1. Start xadmin and click xpublish Output Management. 2. In the xpublish Output Management menu, click Stream Definitions. 3. Locate the Image Preference button and corresponding text box. 4. Click Image Preference. The Image Preference pop-up box appears. The Image Preference pop-up box enables you to select and order output formats. 39

40 Images 5. The Available Images list contains all available image types. The Images list displays all image types you have selected for the current output stream. To move image types from the Available Images list to the Images list, select the image type and click Add. 6. Once you have all of your image types in the Images list, you can order the images by selecting them and clicking the Move Up and Move Down buttons. Images at the top of the list are selected first, images at the bottom of the list are selected last. 7. When finished, click Open. The selections you made appear in the Image Preference text box. 8. Click Save. General Image Type Recommendations for Your PDL The following table provides general image type recommendations for your PDL. AFP Black and White High Speed xpresso for Word xpresso for InDesign xdesign G4 TIFF G4 TIFFs as external images PCL G4 TIFF G4 TIFFs as external images G4 TIFF G4 TIFF AFP Color JPEG JPEG JPEG PostScript EPS / JPEG EPS / JPEG EPS / JPEG PostScript with Transparency EPS EPS EPS PDF JPEG PDF, JPEG or PNG if you need transparency PDF or JPEG Bar Code Images When xpression generates a bar code in document output, the bar code is actually an image. Currently the third-party tool used to create the bar codes only supports RGB color, and doesn t support CMYK. Although the bar codes may look black and white, they are actually RGB color, which may cause issues with some bar code readers. You can force black and white images for bar codes by setting the TiffG4ImageasBarcode parameter in the xpression Server DCPI.properties file to true. When this parameter is set to true (the default), Tiff G4 will be used as the bar code image format. If this parameter is set to false, the ImagePreferenceForOutputFormat parameter (also located in the DCPI.properties file) will be used to determine the bar code image format. The ImagePreferenceForOutputFormat parameter controls all the images in an output stream, the TiffG4ImagesasBarcode parameter controls only bar code images. Note: The PNG image format is not supported for PostScript output, so it is important to ensure that PNG is not listed as the image preference in the ImagePreferenceForPS parameter. 40

41 Images Images in xpresso Documents You can include images in your xpresso for Adobe InDesign and xpresso for Word documents in one of two ways: by embedding the image in the document file, or by referencing an external image. The method you choose depends on your situation, and may differ document by document, or even image by image within a document. Embedding Images You embed images in your xpresso for Adobe InDesign or xpresso for Word document when you place images in the document using the InDesign place function or the Microsoft Word Insert Picture function, or when you choose to embed an image placed from a server ECM repository (using the Place From server option). In InDesign, just placing the image doesn t embed it into the InDesign document, it will have a link to the file. If you want to embed the image in the InDesign document, you must select Embed File from the Links panel after you place the image. Whether the image is inserted, placed, or embedded, the image file is included in the document package during the packaging process, eliminating the chance for missing image errors at publish time. Embedding images relies on the images being available at design time. External Images You can insert external images through an image variable, through a universal content image, or by placing a reference to a image contained in an ECM server repository. Image variables are inserted into your document through xpresso for Adobe InDesign or xpresso for Word and point to data that contains the path and file name of an external file. Universal content images enable you to place an image that is stored locally or on a network, on the xpression Server, or you can use a variable reference. The image file is incorporated into the document at publishing time on the xpression Server. When you place an image from an ECM server repository, you can choose to insert a reference to the image. You can also specify if you want to use only the version of the image that you placed, or have the xpression Server pull the latest version of the image at publish time. The image file is incorporated into the document at publishing time on the xpression Server. When using image variables or universal content images, you don t need to have the image available at design time, your data just needs to contain the image path and name. Images can also change over time without needing to update the document (if they fit in the same space). Because the images are inserted at publishing time, and not included in the package, it is possible to get errors if images are missing, or incorrectly named or referenced. You can structure your external image references for image variables either by using a relative path, or an absolute path. In both cases, you must ensure that the images exist on the client and the server in the correct location. If you specify the entire path, you must also ensure that the exact same path exists on the client and on the server. For more information, see Structuring Relative External Image References, page

42 Images Structuring Relative External Image References You can structure your external image references for image variables either by using a relative path, or an absolute path. In both cases, you must ensure that the images exist on the client and the server in the correct location. If you specify the entire path, you must also ensure that the exact same path exists on the client and on the server. External images referenced through relative paths must reside in the image directory on the xpresso for Adobe InDesign or xpresso for Word client computer, as well as in the image directory on the xpression Server. The default image directories are: xpresso for Adobe InDesign client: Windows XP: [Drive:]\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\xPresso \[version#]\xpresso for InDesign\CS[#]\Images Windows 7 & Windows 2008: [Drive:]\ProgramData\xPresso\[version#]\xPresso for InDesign\CS[#]\Images Macintosh: [xpresso for InDesign Install Directory]\xPresso\image xpresso for Word client: Windows XP: [Drive:]\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\xPresso \[version#]\xpresso for Word\office20[##]\Images Windows 7 & Windows 2008: [Drive:]\ProgramData\xPresso\[version#]\xPresso for Word\office20[##]\Images The directory location on the server is defined in the xprsconfig.xml file, which is found in the [xpressionhome]\ directory. To use a relative path, you d structure the reference in your data like this: <image>logo.jpg<image>. The logo.jpg image must be located in the default image directory on the client and the server in order for it to be found during previewing (on the client) and publishing (on the server). Working with Images in Your Document When you add images to your xpresso for Adobe InDesign or xpresso for Word document, you can scale them, rotate them, and crop them as necessary. Images can be rotated arbitrarily at any angle. Images can also be cropped within a frame, so that only the part of the image that you want to show will appear in the output. Scaling Images When you insert images into your document, you can scale and rotate them in any way you like interactively using the design tool interface. When you insert external images through image variables 42

43 Images or universal content, the scaling is done at publishing time when the image is placed in the document. You can choose from the following scaling options for image variables and universal content images: Original Size. Places the image in the frame at its original size (100%). Fill Content to Frame. Scales the x and y size of the image to completely fill the frame. Fit Content Proportionally. Scales the image to the size of the graphic frame while maintaining proper aspect ratio. This method is lossless, meaning that the image will be stretched or compressed in both width and height so that the image can be displayed as large as possible and in the correct proportions. Fill Frame Proportionally. Scales the image to the size of the graphic frame, while expanding (or compressing) the measurement (width or height) that reaches the bounds of the frame first until the other measure is exactly the width or height of the frame. The resulting image is proportional and fills the entire frame, but some of the image content will be cropped by the graphic frame. Transparency and Opacity in InDesign In Adobe InDesign, opacity is the amount of transparency that exists in an image. If an image has 100 percent opacity, it is not transparent at all. As you decrease the amount of opacity, it becomes more transparent. xpresso for Adobe InDesign supports transparency, as defined in InDesign, only in PDF and PPML output. Transparency is supported in PostScript output through the use of EPS images. InDesign enables you to assign a transparency value on two different levels. On the first level, you can set transparency on a frame or group of frames. On the second level, you can set transparency separately on the frame border, frame background, and frame content (text and image within the frame). The transparency value specified defines how transparent the object should be. The transparency settings defined in InDesign are different than alpha channels that you would find within an image, such as a PNG image. xpresso for Adobe InDesign supports only the specified transparent value (which will be constant throughout the object) as defined in InDesign. Alpha channels, where the value will be different on different positions of one object, are not supported. xpresso for Adobe InDesign supports all the options on the Effects dialog box for Transparency: Basic Blending Mode. Specifies how the colors in transparent objects interact with the objects behind them. Each of the 17 blend modes is supported. Basic Blending Opacity. Determines the opacity of an object, including stroke, fill, text, image and group. The value ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 making the object invisible, and 1 making the object opaque. Any value between 0 and 1 makes the object transparent. Isolate Blending. Limits the blending to specific objects. When blending is applied to an object, the colors blend with all the objects beneath it. The Isolate Blending option confines the blending to within the selected group, preventing objects beneath the group from being affected. Knockout Group. Makes the opacity and blending attributes of every object in the selected group visually block out (knock out) underlying objects in the group. Only objects within the selected group are knocked out; objects beneath the group are still affected by the blending or opacity applied to them. 43

44 Images xpression does not control the final presentation of transparency in the output; the result is controlled by the viewer used to display the PDF file. Transparency is supported in Adobe PDF version 1.4 and above. Acrobat Reader 8 or newer is required to see transparency in xpresso for Adobe InDesign PDF output. Note: A frame that contains transparency can only be snapshot using PDF for the snapshot image type. Using a raster image type for a snapshot of a frame that contains transparency is not supported. For more information on the snapshot function, see the xpresso for Adobe InDesign User Guide. How xpression Handles Images In the xpression environment, images can be stored in several locations. The xpression Repository - Most images are stored in the xpression Repository and managed through the Image Utility in xadmin. You can directly upload images to the xpression Repository through xadmin, let xpression automatically upload images to xadmin after they are used in an xdesign content item, or import an ECM Documentum image to the xpression Repository through xdesign. xpresso for Adobe InDesign and xpresso for Word also have access to the xpression Repository for placing images in documents. Documentum xpression Repository - If you are licensed for Documentum Edition, you also have the option of storing images in the Documentum xpression Repository. xdesign, xpresso for InDesign, and xpresso for Word can all have access to the Documentum xpression Repository for placing images in documents. An ECM repository- You can store images in additional Documentum Docbase or FileNet repositories. xpression will pull the image from the ECM repository when it is viewed or published. On the file system - You can insert images as external image references. This enables you to store your images on directory accessible by the xpression server. The xadmin Image Utility To access the image utility, click Image Utility from the xadmin Resource Management menu. The Image Utility enables you to add, update, preview, and delete images. From the image utility list, you can complete the following actions. Element Add Update Preview Description Enables you to add a new image family to the xpression Repository. Enables you to update an existing image family. Select the image family you want to update, and click Update. Enables you to preview an image in the xpression Repository. Select an image format and click Preview. 44

45 Images Element Delete Image Family Name List Description Select one or more image families and click Delete to permanently remove them from the xpression Repository. Click the image family name to access the image family options. 45

46 Images Importing an Image to the Image Management Utility When you import an image into the xpression Repository, you are really setting up an image family for the different versions of the image you might need. To add a new image: 1. From the Image Management Utility page, click Add. 2. The Add Image Family page appears. You can specify the family name and specify an optional web format. Supply a name for the image family. The name must be between 1 and 255 alphanumeric characters in length. The name must be unique and is case-sensitive. 3. In the Import Local Image box, supply the path and file name of the image you want to import. You can use the Browse button to select an image from your file system, or type the fully-qualified path and filename for the image. 4. The Web Format box enables you to control which image is used for HTML, , or PDF documents. For example, you may want to use a JPEG image or a GIF image of a particular resolution. If you do not select an image for Web format, xpression automatically converts your image for web use unless the original image is already in a suitable format. xpression sets the resolution for auto-generated Web images at 100dpi. You can use the Browse button to select an image from your file system, or type the fully-qualified path and filename for the image. 5. Click Save to upload the selected image to the xpression Repository. Images in Your xdesign Documents Images in xdesign documents can originate from four different locations. First, you can upload images to your xpression Repository through xadmin, and then insert them into your images as needed. Secondly, you can insert images directly into an xdesign content item from your file system. When xpression saves the content item in xdesign, it automatically uploads the image to the xpression Repository. Third, you can retrieve images from an ECM Documentum Docbase and insert them into your content item by reference, or import them into your document and xpression Repository. Finally, you can insert images as an external reference. This enables you to store images on a network accessible directory and simply reference that path in your xdesign content item. Images in Your xpresso Documents You can include images in your xpresso documents by embedding static images directly in to your document, or by including a reference to an external image through an image variable or a universal content image, or by a reference to an image in an xpression or ECM repository. For more information, see Images in xpresso Documents, page

47 Images Printer Resident Images Some printers enable you to store images in the printer memory. Storing an image in the printer memory increases printing performance because the image does not need to be downloaded from the xpression Repository. xpression enables you to use this feature by matching your Printer Resident Images with the images in your xpression Repository. This feature applies to xdesign and xpresso for InDesign content. The printer resident images can only be used as UC in the documents created by xpresso for InDesign. You do not have to perform any specific actions in xdesign to use printer resident images. Simply insert your images into your document and ensure that your image has been added to the xpression Repository. This feature appears in Printer Definitions, which are configured through the xpublish Output Management menu in xadmin. In the Printer Resident Image section, you add images to the list, define their location in your printer memory, and map them to image families from your xpression Repository. For each image that you store on the printer memory, you must store a copy of that image in the xpression Repository. xpression uses the xpression Repository version for viewing and editing purposes. Then you must map your printer resident images to the images in your xpression Repository. Adding an image to this list does not actually load the image onto the printer. You must use your printer s import functions to load images to the printer prior to producing your documents. Image Optimization in AFP Output When image optimization is turned off in an xadmin printer definition, images are repeatedly embedded into the output file, increasing the file s size. For AFP output, only TIFF Group 4 and 8 bit JPG images are supported for embedding in the output file, all other image types will be discarded. 47

48 Images Going into Production Before you place your xpression document into production, take a pass through the following image check list: Are all the image formats used in the document compatible with the output type? Do all the images have the appropriate DPI for the output type? Are all the images appearing as expected when previewing the document through the design client? Have all external images been placed in the correct location on the server? 48

49 Using Fonts Chapter 3 Placing type on a page is a very complex process. All systems that handle documents have a special mechanism to deal with type and typography. Each font consists of a series of hundreds or even thousands of unique little pictures. Each page of text may contain thousands of these little pictures. In order to support this rather complex concept, all page description languages (PDLs) and computer operating systems have a special mechanism specifically designed to optimize handling of characters of text. This section will explain the notions required to support setting of type, how they are described in font files, and how they are processed by xpression using various PDLs. Anatomy of a Font A typeface or font is a very complicated composite object that is made up of a lot of parts. This section will look at the various pieces and how they together provide all of the information necessary to describe a typeface. Glyphs Glyphs are the shapes given in a particular typeface to a specific symbol. It is a particular graphical representation of a character. Think of a font as a lot of very carefully drawn little drawings. The glyph is this little drawing. Different fonts have a different number of glyphs. For example, a font can contain a full western character set as well as a full Chinese character set. Latin, or Western European languages use a small number of characters, typically less than 30. Chinese and Japanese languages use many thousands of characters. Font Metrics Font metrics define information such as character width and height. Applications that use fonts generally stack characters up against each other. Typically the space defined by the font metric is wider than the actual glyph, otherwise characters would touch or overlap. Font metrics tell applications how much space a character occupies. 49

50 Using Fonts All applications that set type must know this information to determine when to break lines, and where to place the characters relative to each other. Also included in font metrics are kern pairs. Kerning is the adjustment of the spacing between two specific characters when they appear together. The classic example is AW. Kerning can be positive or negative. In the fi kern pair, space is added between the characters. Kerning is not currently supported by xpression. Encoding Encoding is the association of a number with a glyph in a font. Characters in text are represented by numeric values. When you press a key on a keyboard, you are really entering a number into the computer. The computer takes that number and using the encoding of the font, matches it up to a little drawing of a character for you. This is encoding. Single Byte and Double Byte Computers use binary numbers to store everything. The standard unit is the "Byte." This is an 8-bit quantity that can store 256 values. For Western languages, 256 is plenty of characters to represent most documents, but the Chinese and Japanese languages require thousands of characters. For these languages, we need to count higher than just 256, and therefore we need to use a bigger unit than a byte to store it. If we use 2 bytes we get 216 or 65,536 unique numbers to use to identify characters. With xpression we can use single byte, double byte encoding, or both. For single byte fonts xpression uses WinANSI code page 1252 encoding, for large character sets xpression uses Unicode encoding. WINANSI Windows-1252 is a character encoding of the Latin alphabet used by default in the legacy components of Microsoft Windows in English and some other Western languages. This chart shows how each hexadecimal number can be associated with a glyph. 50

51 Using Fonts 51

52 Using Fonts The following table shows the advantages and disadvantages in using WINANSI encoding. WINANSI Advantages Supported by most page description languages such as PostScript, PDF, AFP, PCL Supported by most software packages that process output from page description languages (such as xtest, Emtex and others) Supported by even the oldest printers Text is readable in PDL output files (you can read words in output to help with troubleshooting) Disadvantages Only supports 256 characters May not support some special bullet characters even for western European languages Unicode Unicode is an industry standard allowing computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in any of the world s writing systems. The standard itself describes quite a few concepts, the most important for the purposes of this document is the ability to address and manipulate about 100,000 characters in any of the world s writing systems in a standard way. The following charts show the advantages and disadvantages in using Unicode encoding. Unicode Advantages All characters in any font can be supported Can be used for any writing system including Korean, Japanese and Chinese Disadvantages Unicode fonts can be very big (20 MB vs 50k for small character set fonts) Two bytes need to be used to address each character (text is not readable in any PDL) Performance may be very slightly slower because of additional processing time for double byte characters Font Formats There are three main font types supported by xpublish. This section will discuss those formats, their history and features. All of the font formats supported by xpublish are outline fonts. Outline fonts use Bézier curves, drawing instructions, and mathematical formulas to describe each glyph. The glyphs are stored as scalable drawings that allows fonts to be scaled to any size and used at a variety of rotations. 52

53 Using Fonts xpublish supports the following font types: Adobe Type 1, page 53 TrueType (.TTF), page 53 OpenType, page 54 Adobe Type 1 xpublish supports Type 1 fonts for PDF and PostScript. Type 1 fonts were developed by Adobe as the initial native font format for PostScript and the Apple LaserWriter in Type 1 fonts are composed of two files. One contains the glyphs, and the other the font metrics. PFB, PFM and AFM files are used to store Type 1 fonts on all platforms except Macintosh. The Type 1 format supports 256 characters, and is not capable of describing large character set fonts. File Type PFB - Printer Font Binary PFM - Printer Font Metric AFM - Adobe Font Metric Description Contains glyphs, widths for characters, and basic encoding. This file can be transformed into a PFA file (Printer Font ASCII) that is the actual font format that is utilized by PostScript printers. This is a binary file used by Windows and other systems that contains the font metrics for the font. This is an ASCII font metric file that contains all of the font metrics for the typeface. Issues with Type 1 Fonts There are a number of issues with Type 1 fonts that initiated the second generation of PC fonts: The Type 1 font format was originally proprietary and encrypted. The industry needed an open standard which Adobe eventually published, but by then TrueType fonts had been born. Font and font metric files are different and not compatible between Mac and PC. Managing font and font metric files separately really does not make sense. Type 1 fonts cannot contain more than 256 characters. TrueType (.TTF) xpublish was designed to use the same TTF fonts used in the Macintosh and Windows operating systems. TTF fonts are the xpublish master format. TrueType was originally developed by Apple Computer in the late 1980s as a competitor to Adobe s Type 1 fonts used in PostScript. TrueType fonts solve all of the previously stated issues. A single binary file contains glyphs, font metrics, and can contain very large character sets. They can be used on all platforms without modification or conversion. 53

54 Using Fonts OpenType xpublish supports OpenType fonts for AFP, PDF, and PostScript. xpublish also supports TTF fonts in an OpenType wrapper. OpenType was initially developed by Microsoft, later joined by Adobe Systems. OpenType was first announced in 1996, with a significant number of OpenType fonts starting to ship in Adobe completed conversion of its entire font library to OpenType around the end of 2002 and now only sells fonts in this format. Note: The OpenType font ZapfDingbatsStd.otf is not supported for TIFF output because it is not supported by Multivalent, an open source tool used by xpression. EMC Document Sciences recommends replacing it with the Wingdings font. AFP Fonts xpublish also supports the AFP fonts that meet the following characteristics. Must be an AFP Outline font Must have been created from TrueType font masters stored in the xpression Repository Supports double-byte (Unicode) through TTF fonts and single-byte through AFP Outline fonts Fonts must use the Latin alphabet See Using Fonts in AFP Output, page 63 for more information. Using Fonts Fonts are external resources required to reproduce documents. For a document to be reproduced properly, the fonts need to be available at the device that is trying to reproduce the document. This could be a computer viewing a document in PDF form or a printer creating paper output. In a typical workflow, fonts need to be available in several areas: 1. Fonts should be available to the authoring tool (client) so that they can be defined as part of the document. 2. They need to be installed on the xpression server to to enable the server to use them when composing output. 3. Finally, they need to be available to the printer (or viewer). For the client and the server (items 1 and 2 above), the solution is simple. Fonts used in documents need to be installed in both locations. 54

55 Using Fonts For printing output (item 3 above), there are two strategies. 1. Embedding fonts - Including the font in the print stream so that there are no external dependencies (embedding fonts). You can also embed fonts while using subsetting. 2. Printer resident fonts - storing a version of the fonts in the printer memory Embedding Fonts In order to transport documents with reliable fidelity, it is necessary to reduce dependencies on external files such as fonts. This can be done by embedding fonts within the document itself. Documents that contain embedded fonts can be reproduced faithfully by using the embedded fonts. When rendering the document, the font is extracted and fed to the font machinery of the rendering mechanism (PDF, PostScript, AFP, etc.). When embedding fonts, the output files must contain fonts that can range from 20k to 20MB depending on the number of characters. Embedding Fonts Advantages File can be rendered faithfully anywhere and any time in the future. No environmental dependencies. Fonts are included one time for the entire output file. You can also embed fonts while using subsetting. Disadvantages Increased output file size. Increased processing time. Printer Resident Fonts Most printers have a mechanism that allows you to install fonts on the printer so that they are available even if the printer is powered down and restarted. Fonts installed in this manner are called printer resident fonts. If a font is known to be printer resident, then it does not need to be embedded in the output file. Printer Resident Fonts Advantages File sizes are reduced because fonts are not included. Printer processing time is reduced because the font need not be reconstituted and passed to the font mechanism. Disadvantages Fonts must be actively managed on printer(s). Multiple printers must be kept in sync. Unable to handle multiple versions of a font for different jobs. Most printers substitute fonts when fonts are missing - you may not notice until it is too late that a font is not working properly. 55

56 Using Fonts Subsetting With the introduction of TrueType fonts, it became possible to define many thousands of characters within a single font. This was designed to support Asian and other large character sets. The problem is that some of these extensive character sets can be in excess of 20 MB when embedded in a print stream. For example, if you needed to print a page that contained a single character of the ArialMTUnicode font and you did not use subsetting, you might end up using 20 MB of font and 500 bytes of page description because it would embed the entire font when only one character is needed. Subsetting embeds only the glyphs used instead of embedding the entire font. For example, many Unicode fonts contain Arabic and Chinese characters. If you are producing a document in German, you do not need to include these characters. Subsetting Advantages Can significantly reduce file size. Only the characters used in the job are included in the print stream - this creates the most efficient output files. Disadvantages Text in PDF files can not be edited because only some of the characters for the font are available. Some 3rd party applications that read print streams will have problems. For example, if you change the page order by placing page 10 at the beginning of a document. It may be counting on characters that were downloaded with page 7 to be available. User-Created Fonts If your user-created fonts have license restrictions, you can set the OnFontNotSupported or the OnFontNotFound parameter in the xpressionpublish.properties file. For more information, see xpressionpublish.properties in the Administering the xpression Server guide. How xpression Handles Fonts In the xpression environment, fonts are stored in three locations: The xpression Repository - All xpublish fonts are stored here as a reference. These fonts are your master set and are not used in production. The xpublish machine - xpression uploads a copy of your fonts to a semi-permanent disk cache located on the machine that processes your documents. Fonts are uploaded when they are first used and persist until deleted or updated. These fonts are used for production. The semi-permanent disk cache resides in your xpression installation directory. This path is defined in xpressionpublish.properties located in the xpression installation directory. The client machine - Fonts are stored on the client machine for editing and viewing. Each time xpression publishes a document, the fonts on the xpublish computer are checked against the fonts located in the xpression Repository. If the needed fonts do not reside on the xpublish computer, xpression uploads the fonts from the xpression Repository. xpression also updates the 56

57 Using Fonts fonts if the xpression Repository contains a newer version of the fonts. The fonts remain on the xpublish server indefinitely until updated by xpression or specifically removed by the user. The fonts are reused for subsequent jobs. The following table summarizes xpression font support for AFP, PDF, and PostScript output. For information about PCL font support, see Using Fonts in PCL Output, page 68. Font Type AFP PDF PostScript TrueType Yes Yes Yes OpenType (New Type 1) Yes (.tff only) Yes AFP Outline Yes No No Old Type 1 (Windows or Mac Type 1) No Yes Yes Double-Byte Yes Yes Yes Yes, except Bitmap fonts Note: OTF and Type 1 fonts are not supported in dynamic charts. The Font Management Utility The xadmin Font Management Utility enables you to manually upload, update, and delete fonts from the xpression Repository. This utility manages fonts for the xpublish composition engine, not for the CompuSet composition engine. The Font Management Utility is located in the Resource Management section of xadmin. Note: The Font Management Utility supports loading TrueType fonts; loading Type1 fonts is not supported. To add a new font to the xpression Repository through the Font Management Utility: 1. From the Font Management Utility, click Add. 2. xpression displays the Add a New Font page. Type the path to your font file or click Browse to navigate to the file. 3. Click Save to add the font to the xpression Repository. Before you can load an AFP font, the font s TrueType equivalent must be loaded using the previous steps. To add a new AFP font to the xpression Repository through the Font Management Utility: 1. Access the Font Utility page in xadmin. 2. Select the check box next to the font in the list that is the TrueType equivalent of the AFP font you are adding. 3. Click Add AFP. The Font Utility: Add AFP Font page appears. 4. Browse to locate the AFP outline font (.oln). 57

58 Using Fonts 5. Browse to locate the code page (.cdp). 6. Select whether (yes) or not (no) to replace an existing font. 7. Click Save to add the font to the xpression Repository. Large Character Fonts The xpublish publishing engine supports large character (also called double-byte) fonts for AFP, PDF, and PostScript output as long as the fonts are TrueType. For AFP output, the symbol font is not supported. Arabic languages are not supported. Asian language groups, including Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK) fonts are supported, with the following limitations: The following CJK-specific composition features are not supported: Auto-adjust space between CJK and Latin (number) characters Hanging punctuations Special text alignments Top-to-bottom text direction Phonetic characters Enclosed characters Horizontal in vertical Only Unicode BMP is supported; therefore, only part of the characters in CJK fonts are supported Korean justification logic is not supported Japanese multi-baseline output is not supported There may be some differences in line height and spacing between Chinese output on the server and what you see in the design tool. Chinese fonts are not supported for use in dynamic charts. If you are publishing Traditional or Simplified Chinese output, you must ensure that there is at least one Traditional or Simplified Chinese font available for use by the publishing engine. xpression will use Courier New by default if no Chinese font is found, which will not produce desirable output. Microsoft Word provides multiple baseline alignment options. xpression supports only Baseline for Chinese characters. Asian Typography Support Microsoft Word provides several Asian typography options. The following table details xdesign s and xpresso for Word s support of the options. 58

59 Using Fonts Option Line Break: Use Asian rules for controlling first and last characters Line Break: Allow Latin text to wrap in the middle of a word Line Break: Allow hanging punctuation Character Spacing: Allow punctuation at the start of a line to compress Character Spacing: Automatically adjust space between Asian and Latin text Character Spacing: Automatically adjust space between Asian text and numbers Character Spacing: Text alignment Options: First and last character settings Options: Kerning Options: Character spacing control Support Not Supported Not Supported Not Supported Not Supported Supported Supported Only Baseline supported Only Standard supported Not Supported Only Do not compress supported xpression doesn t compress punctuation; therefore, the same punctuation of the same font and size will always have the same width. Also, xpression doesn t allow punctuation to exceed the paragraph margin. Because of these limitations, you may see a difference in line breaks between the document in xdesign, and the published output. Fonts in Your xdesign Documents If you insert a new font into an xdesign document, xpression will automatically upload that font to your xpression Repository when you save your content item in xdesign. If you open an xdesign document that contains fonts that are not available on your client computer, xdesign will automatically download the needed fonts from the xpression Repository. Fonts in Your xpresso Documents The fonts from your xpresso documents reside in a folder on your client. The fonts are not included in the PDPX package used to import the document to the server. The fonts for your xpresso documents must be manually uploaded to the xpression Repository through xadmin. Migrating Fonts When you export or migrate xdesign documents, you have the option to include your fonts in the PDPX package. Please be aware that the fonts will increase the size of your PDPX package. Fonts included in the PDPX package are automatically uploaded to the xpression Repository upon being migrated or imported to the xpression server. 59

60 Using Fonts When you export xpresso documents, the fonts are not included in package. The fonts for your xpresso documents must be manually uploaded to the xpression Repository through xadmin. Fonts and Page Description Languages Page Description Languages (PDLs) are languages for describing the layout and contents of a printed page. While operating systems have mostly standardized on TrueType, OpenType and Type 1 fonts, PDLs have not. This section describes in detail how our emitters handle fonts. Using Fonts in PostScript Output The PostScript language provides direct support for TrueType, OpenType and Type 1 fonts. Not all PostScript printers support all of the formats and features properly. If you have one of the following, there may be issues when using fonts: Older devices Non-Adobe devices Transforms Post-processing software These programs usually have problems with support for embedded TrueType Glyphs and large character sets. Type 1 fonts work on every PostScript device, and they have small character sets. PostScript printers have a standard set of printer resident fonts that vary with manufacturer, but usually include Times, Helvetica, Courier, Symbol and Zapf Dingbats. Emitter Support By default the xpublish PostScript emitter uses large character sets (Unicode) and embeds TrueType Glyphs. Large character set fonts are downloaded using subsetting. Any new characters required for a page are emitted after the last page, and before the page in which they are used. xpression provides an interface that enables users to define the fonts that are not embedded. xpublish supports rotation of type in any increment. Force the Use of Type 1 Fonts Because Type 1 fonts work on every PostScript device and have small character sets, the easiest solution for most problems is to exclusively use Type 1 fonts. To force the use of Type 1 fonts, you can convert your TTF fonts to Type 1 fonts using the procedure below. The resulting.pfb file, along with the.afm file, must then be placed in the PSFontPath directory on the server. Note: The base file name of a converted font file must identically match the base file name of the original TureType font; otherwise, xpression will not detect the converted Type 1 font, and will 60

61 Using Fonts continue to use the TrueType font instead. For example, if the TrueType font name is arial.ttf, then the converted font files should be named arial.afm and arial.pfb. Clients (such as Microsoft Word or Adobe InDesign) can then use the TrueType or OpenType version of the font, while the Type 1 font version will be used when making PostScript output. As long as the Type 1 font has been created and installed, it will be used when making PostScript output. Converting TTF and OTF Fonts to Type 1 This section provides you with the instructions necessary to convert TTF and OTF fonts to Type 1 using software available for download at no cost. 1. First, you must download TTF2PT1. TTF2PT1 is a font converter that converts fonts from the True Type format (and some other formats supported by the FreeType library) to the Adobe Type1 format. You can download the program from the following web site: Download the Binaries and the Dependencies zip file. 2. Next, unzip the TTF2PT1 binaries zip file to a directory on the computer where the font conversion will be performed. 3. Next, unzip the dependencies zip file to the same directory. 4. You should see a sub-directory named Manifest. Copy the files from that directory to the /bin directory. The /bin directory is where the executable file is located. The directory structure should resemble the following image. 5. Launch a command prompt and navigate to the bin directory you have just created. 61

62 Using Fonts For this example, we created a ttf2pt directory located at C:\ttf2pt. 6. For each font you wish to convert type the following line (or put them all in a batch file) and press Enter: Ttf2pt1 -b <font path and name> where <font path and name> is the path and file name of the True Type font you want to convert. If you copied your Arial font to the temp directory, your command would look like this: ttf2pt1 -b c:\temp\arial.ttf You should now have a.pfb and a.afm file in the c:\temp directory. Using Fonts in PDF Output The PDF format provides direct support for TrueType, OpenType and Type 1 fonts. xpression supports rotation of type in any increment. The PDF emitter will embed fonts in TrueType, OpenType, and Type 1 formats. The emitter will always embed subsets for fonts to reduce file size. Embedding Fonts in xpublish We have expanded the range of characters that can be used without being embedded in an output PDF. Originally, xpression enabled you to publish a PDF without embedding fonts if all the characters were within the ASCII range(0-256). Any character that fell outside of that range was embedded. Now the supported range is expanded to code page If the character is outside of this range, it will have to be embedded. If you want to publish a PDF with no embedded fonts, you must do the following two steps: 1. Ensure that all characters fall within the supported range as outlined above. 2. Set the following two parameters in the DCPI.properties file. LargeCharacterSet=false 62