Sight Words and Morpheme ed

Transcription

1 LESSON PLAN: Preparation Learning Objective Students will learn to distinguish the various pronunciations of the morpheme -ed. They will also learn the associated spelling rules and exceptions. Pacing minutes Suggested Readings Arms Extended (with Morpheme -ed) Lesson Overview This lesson focuses on a common challenge for English learners: distinguishing the various pronunciations of the morpheme -ed. The English phonemes that result from adding these morphemes to the ends of words may not be present in student home languages and, therefore, may be difficult to distinguish auditorily, to pronounce, and to place into a meaningful context. In this lesson you provide instruction, modeling, and practice with pronouncing and spelling sight words with the -ed morpheme. Students also learn the associated spelling rules and exceptions. Students practice writing sentences using -ed words and share them with their partners by reading them aloud. The lesson closes with a review of the concepts learned and an opportunity to record new academic vocabulary (adjective, morpheme, and past participle) in student vocabulary journals. Do Before Teaching 1. Make copies of the Sentences with Words Ending in -ed equal to the number of students in your class. (See Lesson Masters.) 2. Be prepared to project Arms Extended (with Morpheme -ed). (See Lesson Masters.) Teaching Routine Introduce Lesson: Bell-Ringer Activity (5 10 minutes) Distribute copies of the Sentences with Words Ending in -ed to students as they enter the classroom. Have them indicate the sounds they hear when they read each word. Pronounce each of the sounds (ed, d, t, zd) for students.

2 When most students are ready, bring the class together and invite one or two volunteers to share their answers aloud. Ask the student to pronounce the word and then the sound they hear at the end of the word (ed, d, t, zd). Model correct pronunciation as needed. Provide Direct Instruction and Modeling (10 15 minutes) Provide direct instruction and modeling in the pronunciation contrasts to which students were just introduced: Tell students that this lesson focuses on the sounds made by the word ending -ed, which English learners sometimes have trouble distinguishing. Explain that this ending can sound like ed, d, t, zd. Provide examples and make sure students distinguish correct pronunciations and mispronunciations. Sounds the -ed ending can make -ed sounds like Ed after d and t, as in needed and heated -ed sounds like d -ed sounds like t with backed and laughed -ed sounds like d with a z in front of it after certain sounds such as raised Example He needed more laundry detergent. He tagged all of the shirts. She jacked up the car. She braised the leeks. Common Mispronunciation N/A He tagdall o the shirts. She jacktup the car.or: She jacup the car. (sounds like st instead of zd) Explain that when a word ends in a silent e, we drop the e when adding the -ed ending: use, used. Explain the two types of -ed words: adjectives (bejeweled) and past participles (baked). Provide examples of past tense verbs and past participles to clarify, as in (1) Tina was tired; (2) Her date tired her. 2

3 Help your English learners to see as well as hear the morphology of several words in context using Arms Extended (with Morpheme -ed). Project Arms Extended (with Morpheme -ed) so that it is visible to all students. Work through each example as a class, inviting volunteers to contribute as you go. Use the following to guide the conversation: Alma planted her feet. She looked over the edge. Then she jumped, raised high into the air and soared like a bird, arms extended. -ed sounds like Ed after d and t, as in needed and heated -ed sounds like t with voiced, backed, laughed -ed sounds like d with a z in front of it after certain sounds such as raised -ed sounds like d, as in loved, bagged -ed sounds like Ed after d and t, as in needed and heated Pair students and have them find one word for each of the sounds the -ed ending can make. Once they have found four words, have them write one sentence that uses each word. When they are finished, have them share their sentences with their partners (or with another pair) by reading them aloud. Correct pronunciations as needed. Whole-Group Wrap-Up (10 15 minutes) When students are ready, bring the class together to review the lesson, discuss any questions students have, and provide any necessary reteaching. Have students enter new vocabulary in their vocabulary journals and indicate their level of understanding for each of the new terms learned in this lesson, including the academic terms adjective, morpheme, and past participle. 3

4 Lesson Extensions Generate sentences with the -ed words followed by a word beginning in a vowel to help English learners hear and see more examples. Have students get back into their pairs and share their vocabularyjournal entries for the academic terms learned in this lesson: adjective, morpheme, and past participle. They should explain their descriptions and drawings to one another and explain how they represent the meaning of the terms. Students may wish to modify their own entries and their level of understanding after this activity. Assign a Related Reading and distribute highlighters. Have students use the highlighters to identify the targeted problem consonant and vowel sounds introduced in this lesson. Then, in a wholeclass discussion, go through the reading paragraph by paragraph and mark the focus consonant and vowel sounds, pausing to pronounce the sounds and the whole words and to have students mimic your pronunciation. 4

5 Lesson Masters Sentences with Words Ending in -ed Directions: Read the following sentences. Circle the sound that the ed ending makes in each word. Sounds the ed ending makes The invention of the telephone revolutionized the world. ed d t zd Early telephones were cranked by hand. ed d t zd 5

6 Arms Extended (with Morpheme ed) Lesson Masters Alma planted her feet. The ed ending sounds like Sounds the ed ending can make ed Like in the words needed and heated She looked over the edge. Then she jumped, raised high into the air t d zd backed and laughed bugged and rubbed used and amazed and soared like a bird, arms extended Achieve3000, Inc. All Rights Reserved.