Glossary. Introduction

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Glossary. Introduction"

Transcription

1 Glossary Introduction April /'CBUpLo/ apiril August /'GZLgW/abuztu black /VoDY/ beltz blue /VoI/ urdin brother /'VpJfL/ anaia/neba brown /VpPm/ marroi; gaztain koloreko child /WiOoX/ haur; seme/alaba children /'WiBoXpLm/ haurrak; semeak/alabak dad /XDX/ aita day /XM/ egun December /XB'gClVL/ abendu diary /'XOLpi/ egunkari; agenda eight /CBW/ zortzi eighteen /CB'WAm/ hemezortzi eighteenth /CB'WAme/ hemezortzigarren eighth /CBWe/ zortzigarren eightieth /'CBWiLe/ laurogeigarren eighty /'CBWi/ laurogei eleven /B'oCdm/ hamaika eleventh /B'oCdme/ hamaikagarren father /'cefl/ aita February /'ccvpilpi/ otsail fifteen /cbc'wam/ hamabost fifteenth /cbc'wame/ hamabosgarren fifth /cbce/ bosgarren fiftieth /'cbcwile/ berrogeita hamargarren fifty /'cbcwi/ berrogeita hamar first /ckgw/lehenengo, aurreneko five /cod/ bost fortieth /'cgwile/ berrogeigarren forty /'cgwi/ berrogei four /cg/ lau fourteen /cg'wam/ hamalau fourteenth /cg'wame/ hamalaugarren fourth /cge/ laugarren Friday /'cpoxm/ ostiral grandparent /'ZpDmUSpLmW/ aitona/amona green /ZpAm/berde grey /ZpCB/ gris hundred /'kjmxplx/ ehun; ehunka hundredth /'kjmxplxe/ ehungarren January /'bdmqhlpi/urtarril July /bi'oo/uztail June /XjIm/ekain March /lea/martxo marker /'leyl/errotuladore May /lm/maiatz Monday /'ljmxm/astelehen month /ljme/hil, hilabete mother /'ljfl/ama mum /ljl/ama nine /mom/bederatzi nineteen /mom'wam/hemeretzi nineteenth /mom'wame/hemeretzigarren ninetieth /'momwile/laurogeita hamargarren ninety /'momwi/laurogeita hamar ninth /mome/bederatzigarren November /mlh'dclvl/azaro October /FY'WNVL/urri one /rjm/bat one hundred /rjm 'kjmxplx/ehun orange /'FpBmb/laranja parents /'UCLpLmWg/aita/amak, gurasoak pen /UCm/bolaluma pencil /'UCmgo/arkatz, lapitz pencil case /'UCmgo YMg/kutxatila pencil sharpener /'UCmgo ieuml/zorrozkailu pink /UBnY/arrosa purple /'UKUo/more red /pcx/gorri rubber /'pjvl/borragoma, ezabagailu ruler /'piol/erregela

2 Glossary Saturday /'gdwlxm/larunbat schoolbag /'gyiovdz/motxila, bizkar-zorro second /'gcylmx/bigarren September /gcu'wclvl/irail seven /'gcdm/zazpi seventeen /gcdm'wam/hamazazpi seventeenth /gcdm'wame/hamazazpigarren seventh /'gcdme/zazpigarren seventieth /'gcdmwile/hirurogeita hamargarren seventy /'gcdmwi/hirurogeita hamar sister /'gbgwl/ahizpa/arreba six /gbyg/sei sixteen /gbyg'wam/hamasei sixteenth /gbyg'wame/hamaseigarren sixth /gbyge/seigarren sixtieth /'gbygwile/hirurogeigarren sixty /'gbygwi/hirurogei Sunday /'gjmxm/igande ten /WCm/hamar tenth /WCme/hamargarren third /ekx/hirugarren thirteen /ek'wam/hamahiru thirteenth /ek'wame/hamahirugarren thirtieth /'ekwile/hogeita hamargarren thirty /'ekwi/hogeita hamar three /epa/hiru Thursday /'ekhxm/ostegun Tuesday /'WqIhXM/astearte twelfth /WrCoce/hamabigarren twelve /WrCod/hamabi twentieth /'WrCmWiLe/hogeigarren twenty /'WrCmWi/hogei two /WI/bi Wednesday /'rcmhxm/asteazken white /row/zuri year /qr/urte yellow /'qcon/hori Unit 1 arm /El/beso athletic /De'oCWBY/ atletiko big /VBZ/ handi calm /YEl/lasai clever /'YoCdL/ argi, adimentsu confident /'YFmcBXLmW/ fidakor, seguru contest /'YFmWCgW/ lehiaketa curly /'YKoi/ kizkur dark /XEY/ ilun; beltzaran ear /BL/belarri eye /O/ begi fair /ccl/ argi; ilehori fat /cæw/ gizen favourite /'ccbdlpbw/ gogoko, begiko feet /caw/ oinak flower /'copl/ lore foot /chw/ oin friendly /'cpcmxoi/ atsegin funny /'cjmi/ barregarri good-looking /ZHX'oHYBn/ erakargarri grandchild /'ZpDmWiOoX/ biloba grandchildren /'ZpDmWiBoXpLm/ bilobak great /ZpCBW/ oso on; garrantzitsu; bikain guitar /ZB'WE/ gitarra hair /kcl/ ile hand /kdm/ esku hard-working /kex'rkybn/ langile, behargin lazy /'ocbhi/ alfer leg /ocz/ hanka long /ofn/ luze mouth /lpe/aho nature /'mmal/ natura nervous /'mkdlg/ urduri nice /mog/ polit; atsegin nose /mnh/ sudur old /NoX/ zahar prize /UpOh/ sari quiet /'YrOLW/ isil redhead /'pcxkcx/ ilegorri Scotland /'gyfwolmx/ Eskozia serious /'gblpilg/ serio short /igw/ labur; motz, baxu shy /io/ lotsati small /glgo/txiki

3 Glossary straight /gwpmw/liso strong /gwpfn/sendo, indartsu sun /gjm/eguzki tall /WGo/altu, garai teenager /'WAmMbL/nerabe thin /ebm/argal, mehar ugly /'JZoi/ itsusi unfriendly /Jm'cpCmXoi/zakar, ezatsegin young /qjn/ gazte Unit 2 apple /'DUo/sagar banana /VL'mEmL/banana bean /VAm/babarrun, indaba bread /VpCX/ogi bus station /'VJg gwmim/autobus-geltoki butter /'VJWL/gurin cake /YMY/tarta, pastel cheese /aah/gazta chicken /'abybm/oilasko Chile /'iboi/txile Chilean /'aboilm/txiletar chip /abu/patata frijitu coffee /'YFci/kafe corn /YGm/arto country /'YJmWpi/herrialde dangerous /'XMmbLpLg/arriskutsu eat /AW/jan egg /CZ/arrautza English /'BnZoBi/ingeles; ingeles (hizkuntza) fair /ccl/azoka fast food /cegw 'cix/janari azkar fish /cbi/arrain food colouring /'cix YJoLpBn/koloratzaile France /cpemg/frantzia French /cpcma/frantses, frantziar; frantses (hizkuntza) fruit /cpiw/fruta German /'bkllm/aleman, alemaniar; aleman (hizkuntza) Germany /'bkllmi/alemania ice cream /Og 'YpAl/izozki Ireland /'OLoLmX/Irlanda Irish /'OpBi/irlandar; irlandera (hizkuntza) Japan /bl'udm/japonia Japanese /XjDULm'Ah/japoniar; japoniera (hizkuntza) manufacturer /ldmqh'cdywilpl/fabrikatzaile, egile market /'leybw/merkatu, azoka meat /law/haragi, okela meatball /'lawvgo/haragi-bola milk /lboy/esne Morocco /ll'pfylh/maroko onion /'JmqLm/tipula outdoors /PW'XGh/kanpo pancake /'UDmYMY/talo Peru /UL'pI/Peru Peruvian /UL'pIdiLm/peruar rice /pog/arroz salad /'gdolx/entsalada sausage /'gfgbb/saltxitxa scientist /'golmwbgw/zientifiko soup /giu/zopa spaghetti /gul'zcwi/espagetiak Spanish /'gudmbi/espainiar; espainiera, gaztelania (hizkera) steak /gwmy/xerra strawberry /'gwpgvlpi/marrubi sugar /'ihzl/azukre Sweden /'graxm/suedia Swedish /'graxbi/suediar; suediera (hizkuntza) taste /WMgW/jan, probatu; dastatu tea /WA/te Thai /WO/thailandiar; thailandiera (hizkuntza) Thailand /'WOoDmX/Thailandia tomato sauce /WLlEWN 'ggg/tomate-saltsa type /WOU/mota vegetables /'dcbwlvoh/barazki(ak) vegetarian /dcbl'wclprm/barazki jale, begetariano Unit 3 bird /VKX/txori, hegazti building /'VBoXBn/eraikin cage /YMb/kaiola character /'YæpLYWL/pertsonaia chimpanzee /abludm'ha/txinpantze

4 Glossary clean your room /YoAm qg 'pil/zure logela garbitu corner /'YGmL/txoko, bazter cow /YP/behi do homework /XI 'knlrky/etxeko lanak egin do sport /XI 'gugw/kirola egin each /Aa/bakoitz eagle /'AZo/arrano elephant /'CoBcLmW/elefante exercise /'CYgLgOh/ariketa feed /cax/jaten eman feed the dog /cax fl 'XFZ/jaten eman txakurrari fox /cfyg/azeri frighten /'cpowm/beldurtu frog /cpfz/igel fun /cjm/dibertsio, dibertimendu germ /bkl/ernamuin; germen get up /ZCW 'JU/jaiki, altxatu giraffe /bl'pec/jirafa go to bed /ZLH WL 'VCX/etzan, lotara joan, oheratu go to school /ZLH WL 'gyio/eskolara joan gorilla /ZL'pBoL/gorila hamster /'kdlgwl/hamster have a shower /kdd L 'ipl/dutxatu, dutxa hartu have breakfast /kdd 'VpCYcLgW/gosaldu horse /kgg/zaldi howl /kpo/ulu egin hunt /kjmw/ehizatu, ehizan ibili hunter /'kjmwl/ehiztari kill /YBo/hil, akabatu leave /oad/-tik irten lion /'oolm/lehoi long hours /ofn 'PLh/berandu arte meet friends /law 'cpcmxh/lagunekin gelditu mice /log/saguak monkey /'ljnyi/tximino mosquito /ll'gyawlh/eltxo mouse /lpg/sagu pet /UCW/maskota; etxe-abere pig /UBZ/txerri rabbit /'pdvbw/untxi shark /iey/marrazo sheep /iau/ardi(ak) shoe /ii/oinetako, zapata snake /gmmy/suge sticker /'gwbyl/eranskailu take off /WMY 'Fc/erantzi; kendu tiger /'WOZL/tigre timetable /'WOlWMVo/ordutegi walk the dog /rgy fl 'XFZ/txakurra paseatu watch TV /rfa WA 'da/telebista ikusi water /'rgwl/ur wheel /rao/gurpil wild /roox/basati wolf /rhoc/otso wolves /rhodh/otso(ak) Unit 4 above /L'VJd/(-en) gainean, -i buruz at the corner of /LW fl 'YGmL Ld/ (-en) ertzean bakery /'VMYLpi/okindegi bank /VDnY/banku, banketxe behind /VB'kOmX/(-en) atzean between /VB'WrAm/(bi gauzaren) artean burp (n) /VKU/korrokada burp (v) /VKU/korrokada egin butcher s /'VHaLh/harategi can /Yæm/lata, poto church /WiKWi/eliza cinema /'gbmlll/zinema come out of /YJl 'PW Ld/-tik irten event /B'dCmW/gertaera exhibition /CYgB'VBim/erakusketa fizzy drink /'cbhi XpBnY/edari gasdun, freskagarri forget /cl'zcw/ahaztu, ahantzi GI /ba'o/gastrointestinal gift /ZBcW/opari Go straight. /ZLH 'gwpmw/zuzen jarraitu go through /ZLH 'epi/zeharkatu guest /ZCgW/gonbidatu guide /ZOX/gidari hospital /'kfgubwo/ospital, erietxe in /Bm/-n, (-en) barruan in front of /Bm 'cpjmw Ld/(-en) aurrean

5 Glossary intestine /Bm'WCgWBm/heste library /'oovplpi/liburutegi look for /'ohy cg/bilatu, bila ibili model /'lfxo/maketa, eredu museum /lqi'hall/museo next to /'mcygw WL/-tik gertu, (-en) inguruan on /Fm/gainean, -n opposite /'FULhBW/(-en) aurrean pass /UEg/pasatu, igaro post office /'UNgW FcBg/postetxe restaurant /'pcgwpfmw/jatetxe right /pow/zuzen (to be : arrazoi izan) right now /pow 'mp/oraintxe bertan shopping centre /'ifubn gcmwl/ merkataritza-gune skin /gybm/larru, azal slide /goox/txirrista smell /glco/usaindu sports centre /'gugwg gcmwl/kiroldegi spot /gufw/ orin; orban stadium /'gwcbxill/estadio supermarket /'giulleybw/ supermerkatu swimming pool /'grblbn UIo/igerileku ticket /'WBYBW/sarrera town /WPm/hiri Turn left. /WKm 'occw/ezkerretara biratu. Turn right. /WKm 'pow/eskuinetara biratu. under /'JmXL/(-en) azpian wait /rmw/itxaron, zain egon wall /rgo/pareta, horma way /rm/era, modu Unit 5 athlete /'DeoAW/kirolari; atleta attack /L'WDY/eraso, erasoa jo basketball /'VEgYBWVGo/saskibaloi bowling /'VLHoBn/birlak bowling alley /'VLHoBn Doi/bolatoki brake /VpMY/balazta, galga catch /YDa/hartu, harrapatu climb /YoOl/eskalatu cycling /'goyobn/txirrindularitza, ziklismo dance /XEmg/dantza egin drive /XpOd/gidatu (autoa) fly /coo/gidatu (hegazkina) football /'chwvgo/futbol gentle /'bcmwo/leun, ezti gymnastics /bbl'mægwbyg/gimnastika, gimnasia helmet /'kcolbw/kasko hit /kbw/kolpatu judo /'bixn/judo juggle /'bjzo/joko malabarrak egin jump /bjlu/salto egin kick /YBY/ostiko bat eman lift /obcw/altxatu match /læwi/partida; lehiaketa muscle /'ljgo/gihar pin /UBm/bola player /'UoML/jokalari race /pmg/lasterketa racetrack /'pmgwpdy/zirkuitu race walker /'pmg rgyl/ibiltari race walking /'pmg rgybn/ibilaldi, martxa racing car /'pmgbn YE/lasterketa-auto rescue /'pcgyqi/erreskatatu ride /pox/-ra igo; gidatu run /pjm/korrika egin running /'pjmbn/korrika egin sail /gmo/nabigatu; gobernatu (ontzia) ski /gya/eskiatu skiing /'gyabn/eski stomach /'gwjlly/urdail, sabel; abdomen surf /gkc/surfean egin surfing /'gkcbn/surf swim /grbl/igeri egin swimming /'grblbn/igeriketa tennis /'WCmBg/tenis throw /epn/jaurti; bota weightlifter /'rmwobcwl/pisu jasole, pisu altxatzaile weightlifting /'rmwobcwbn/pisu altxaketa, halterofilia win /rbm/irabazi

6 Glossary Unit 6 action /'DYim/ ekintza(zko) adventure /LX'dCmWiL/ abentura(zko) all over /Go 'NdL/ alde guztietatik amazing /L'lMhBn/ harrigarri, sinestezin animated /'DmBlMWBX/ animazio(zko)/marrazki bizidunak appear /L'UBL/ agertu attach /L'WDWi/ erantsi, itsatsi barnacle /'VEmLYo/ lanperna bat /VDW/saguzar blood /VoJX/ odol boring /'VGpBn/ aspergarri channel /'admo/ itsasarte, kanal comedy /'YFlLXi/ komedia correct /YL'pCYW/zuzen (to be : zuzen ibili, arrazoi izan) creature /'YpAaL/izaki definitely /'XCcBmLWoi/ zalantzarik gabe disgusting /XBg'ZJgWBn/ nazkagarri, higuingarri drama /'XpElL/ drama educational /CXjH'YMiLmo/ hezigarri enjoyable /Bm'bQLVo/ atsegin; entretenigarri exciting /BY'gOWBn/ hunkigarri fair /ccl/ (azal) zuri frightening /'cpowmbn/ beldurgarri, izugarri horror /'kfpl/ beldurrezko instead of /Bm'gWCX Ld/ (-en) ordez interesting /'BmWpLgWBn/ interesgarri jump out /bjlu 'PW/ salto batean atera miss /lbg/ galdu musical /'lqihbyo/ musika-, musikal realistic /pil'obgwby/ errealista romance /pn'læmg/ erromantiko safe /gmc/ onik, salbu, seguru science fiction /golmg 'cbyim/ zientzia-fikzio(zko) shout /ipw/ garrasi egin silly /'gboi/ inozo, tentel special /'gucio/ berezi suddenly /'gjxlmoi/ bat-batean / berehala surprising /gl'upohbn/ harrigarri tentacle /'WCmWLYo/ garro, erro terrible /'WCpLVo/ beldurgarri, lazgarri traditional /WpL'XBiLmo/tradiziozko twilight /'WrOoOW/ ilunabar, ilunsenti unusual /Jm'qIjHLo/ ezohiko vampire /'ddluol/ banpiro western /'rcgwlm/ western Unit 7 armchair /'ElWiCL/besaulki bathroom /'VEepIl/ bainugela bedroom /'VCXpIl/ logela blanket /'VoDnYBW/ estalki, manta carpet /'YEUBW/alfonbra challenge /'WiDoLmb/ erronka clock /YoFY/erloju cupboard /'YJVLX/ armairu curtain /'YKWBm/ errezela cushion /'YHim/ kuxin desk /XCgY/ idazmahai dining room /'XOmBn pil/ jangela dishwasher /'XBirFiL/ ontzi-garbigailu even /'Adm/ ere floor /cog/ solairu; zoru fridge /cpbb/ hozkailu garden /'ZEXm/ lorategi item /'OWLl/ gai, salgai kitchen /'YBWiBm/ sukalde lamp /odlu/ lanpara living room /'obdbn pil/ egongela mess /lcg/desordena, anabasa messy /'lcgi/ desordenatu, narras microwave /'loyplrmd/ mikrouhin mirror /'lbpl/ ispilu mobile phone /lnvoo 'cnm/ sakelako telefono move (n) /lid/ aldaketa move (v) /lid/lekuz aldatu neighbourhood /'mmvlkhx/ auzo office /'FcBg/ bulego organise /'GZLmOh/ antolatu oven /'Jdm/ labe photographer /cl'wfzplcl/argazkilari pillow /'UBoN/burko, kuxin

7 Glossary recycling /pa'goyobn/birziklatze scavenger hunt /'gyddbmbl kjmw/altxorraren bila schoolchild /'gyioaoox/ikasle schoolchildren /'gyiowiboxplm/ikasle(ak) secret service /gayplw 'gkdbg/zerbitzu sekretu(koak) shelf /icoc /apala shelves /icodh/ apalak; apalategiak shower /'ipl/ dutxa sink /gbny/arraska; konketa sofa / 'glhcl/sofa toilet /'WQoLW/ bainugela, komun trophy /'WpNci/ garaikur washing machine /'rfibn lliam/garbigailu worker /'rkyl/langile, behargin Unit 8 actor /'DYWL/aktore ancient /'MmiLmW/zahar, antzinako architect /'EYBWCYW/ arkitekto artist /'EWBgW/ artista athlete /'DeoAW/ kirolari; atleta bake a cake /VMY L 'YMY/ pastela/tarta laberatu build a model /VBoX L 'lfxo/ maketa bat eraiki/egin builder /'VBoXL/ igeltsero championship /'adluilmibu/txapelketa chimney /'ablmi/tximinia computer programmer /YLlUqIWL 'UpLHZpDlL/ programatzaile dentist /'XCmWBgW/dentista diver /'XOdL/jauzilari do the laundry /XI fl 'ogmxpi/ lixiba/gobada egin doctor /'XFYWL/ mediku, sendagile download music /XPmoNX 'lqihby/ musika jaitsi electrician /BoCY'WpBim/ elektrikari employer /Bl'UoQL/ nagusi factory worker /'cæywpi rkyl/ lantegi bateko langile finish /'cbmbi/ bukatu, amaitu firefighter /'colcowl/ suhiltzaile genius /'bamilg/ trebezia, talentu go hiking /ZLH 'koybn/ mendi-ibilaldiak egin law /og/lege lawyer /'ogql/ abokatu medallist /'lcxlobgw/dominadun, irabazle pick up /UBY 'JU/hartu plumber /'UoJlL/ iturgin poor /UG/pobre, behartsu prepare dinner /UpBUCL 'XBmL/ afaria prestatu prodigy /'UpFXLbi/ mirari, mirakulu quickly /'YrBYoi/ azkar, fite rich /pbwi/ aberats sailor /'gmol/ marinel secretary /'gcyplwlpi/idazkari select /gb'ocyw/ hautatu, aukeratu soldier /'gnobl/ soldadu start /gwew/ hasi ( a fire: sua piztu) waiter /'rmwl/ zerbitzari wash the dishes /rfi fl 'XBiBh/ platerak garbitu water the plants /rgwl fl 'UoEmWg/ landareak ureztatu write s /pow 'AlCBoh/ mezu elektronikoak idatzi writer /'powl/ idazle Unit 9 almost /'GolNgW/ia autumn /'GWLl/ udazken beach /VAWi/ hondartza boots /VIWg/botak canyon /'YæmqLm/ kanoi coat /YNW/ beroki, abrigo collect /YL'oCYW/hartu; bildu, elkartu desert /'XChLW/ desertu, basamortu disaster /XB'hEgWL/hondamendi dream /XpAl/ ametsetako dress /XpCg/ soineko forest /'cfpbgw/ baso, oihan glacier /'ZoDgiL/ glaziar hat /kdw/ txano; kapela hill /kbo/muino, mendixka holiday /'kfolxm/oporrak island /'OoLmX/ irla jeans /bamh/ galtza bakeroak jungle /'bjnzo/ oihan, baso

8 Glossary lake /omy/ laku main dish /lcbm 'XBi/plater nagusi middle /'lbxo/erdi mountain /'lpmwlm/ mendi ocean /'Nim/ ozeano reef /pac/ uharri, arrezife river /'pbdl/ erreka, ibai sandals /'gdmxoh/ sandaliak shirt /ikw/ alkandora shorts /igwg/ galtza motzak side /gox/alde skirt /gykw/ gona sleeping bag /'goaubn VDZ/lozaku sock /gfy/ galtzetin, galtzerdi spider /'guoxl/armiarma squid /gyrbx/txibia sweater /'grcwl/ jertse swimsuit /'grblgiw/ bainujantzi top /WFU/azalera trainers /'WpMmLh/ kiroletarako zapatilak travel agency /'Wpædo CBbLmgi/bidaia-agentzia trousers /'WpPhLh/galtzak, prakak T-shirt /'akw/elastiko valley /'ddoi/ haran, ibar waterfall /'rgwlcgo/ ur-jauzi weigh /rm/pisatu worm /rkl/zizare, har

9 Grammar Appendix Introduction PERTSONA-IZENORDAIN SUBJEKTUAK I ni you he she it we you they zu hura (gizonezkoa) hura (emakumezkoa) hura (gauza edo animalia) gu zuek haiek Subjektu-lana egiten dute. Esaldia zuzena eta zentzuduna izateko ezinbestekoak dira beti. I like Adam. He is very funny. (Adam atsegin dut. Oso atsegina da.) Sandra is Scottish. She is twelve. (Sandra eskoziarra da. Hamabi urte ditu.) Gogoan izan I beti letra larriz idazten dela eta it ez dela itzultzen. EDUTEZKO ADJEKTIBOAK my nire your zure his haren (gizonezkoaren) her haren (emakumezkoaren) its our your their haren (gauza edo animaliaren) gure zuen haien Zerbait edo norbait norena den adierazten dute. Jabetzan dugun elementuaren (izenaren) aurrean jartzen dira beti, haren generoa nola numeroa kontuan izan barik: my cake, my apples (nire pastela, nire sagarrak). Singularreko hirugarren pertsonak hiru forma desberdin hartzen ditu, jabea gizonezkoa (his), emakumezkoa (her) ala neutroa (its) den azaltzeko. this, that, these, those This hau That hori, hura Izen zenbakarri singularrei edo zenbakaitzei egiten diete erreferentzia. These Those hauek horiek, haiek Izen zenbakarri pluralekin bakarrik erabil daitezke. Erreferentzia egiten dioten izena hiztunarengandik gertu ala urrun dagoen adierazten dute. Izenordainak direnean, bakarrik erabiltzen dira. This is her car. (Haren autoa da hau.) That is my school. (Hori nire eskola da.) These are my friends. (Hauek nire lagunak dira.) Those are his glasses. (Haiek haren betaurrekoak dira.) Izen baten aurrean badaude, adjektiboak dira. This dress is nice. (Soineko hau polita da.) That girl is tall. (Neska hori luzea da.) These books are new. (Liburu hauek berriak dira.) Those men are Italian. (Gizonezko horiek italiarrak dira.)

10 grammar appendix Unit 1 to be ADITZA ORAINALDIAN I am You are He is She is It is We are You are They are I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not We are not You are not They are not Baiezkoa Ezezkoa I m You re He s She s It s We re You re They re Forma laburtua Forma laburtua I m not You aren t He isn t She isn t It isn t We aren t You aren t They aren t Erantzun motzak Galderazkoa Baiezkoa Ezezkoa Am I...? Yes, I am. No, I m not. Are you...? Yes, you are. No, you aren t. Is he...? Yes, he is. No, he isn t. Is she...? Yes, she is. No, she isn t. Is it...? Yes, it is. No, it isn t. Are we...? Yes, we are. No, we aren t. Are you...? Yes, you are. No, you aren t. Are they...? Yes, they are. No, they aren t. To be aditzak izan eta egon esangura du batez ere. Baiezkoa: subjektua + am / is / are. Orainaldian hiru aldaera desberdin dituen aditz bakarra da. Hitz egiterakoan, hala ere, forma laburtuak gehiago erabiltzen dira. He is very tall. (Oso luzea da.) Ezezkoa: subjektua + am / is / are + not partikula edo n t laburbildua (is nahiz are formei itsatsia erabil daiteke azken hori; ez, ordea, am formari). They aren t famous. (Ez dira ospetsuak.) Galderazkoa: Am / Is / Are + subjektua. Is Messi a football player? (Futbolaria al da Messi?) Erantzun motzak: pertsona-izenordain subjektua + to be aditza erabiliko da beti, baiezko erantzunetan laburbildu gabe, eta ezezkoetan laburbildua. Is Dylan from England? Yes, he is. / No, he isn t. (Ingelesa al da Dylan? Bai. / Ez.) To Be aditzaren erabilerak Definizioak eta gertaera Glasgow is in Scotland. orokorrak azaltzeko (Glasgow Eskozian dago.) He is happy and I m thirsty. Sentimenduak eta (Hura pozik dago, eta ni egarri egoerak adierazteko naiz.) Adina adierazteko Lanbideak, erlijioak eta nazionalitateak azaltzeko Prezioekin Neurriekin Eguraldiarekin have got ADITZA Baiezkoa I have got You have got He has got She has got It has got We have got You have got They have got I have not got Ezezkoa You have not got He has not got She has not got It has not got We have not got You have not got They have not got Galderazkoa She is fourteen years old. (Hamalau urte ditu neskak.) My brother is a lawyer. (Nire anaia abokatua da.) How much is it? It s 3 euros. (Zenbat da? 3 euro.) It s 10 metres long. (10 metro luze da.) It is sunny. (Eguraldi eguzkitsua dugu.) I ve got You ve got He s got She s got It s got Baiezkoa We ve got You ve got They ve got I haven t got Forma laburtua Forma laburtua You haven t got He hasn t got She hasn t got It hasn t got We haven t got You haven t got They haven t got Erantzun motzak Ezezkoa Have I got...? Yes, I have. No, I haven t. Have you got...? Yes, you have. No, you haven t. Has he got...? Yes, he has. No, he hasn t. Has she got...? Yes, she has. No, she hasn t. Has it got...? Yes, it has. No, it hasn t. Have we got...? Yes, we have. No, we haven t. Have you got...? Yes, you have. No, you haven t. Have they got...? Yes, they have. No, they haven t. 10

11 grammar appendix Have got aditzak eduki esan nahi du. Guk duguna adierazten du, edo, zerbait deskribatzean, zerbait horrek dituen ezaugarriak. Baiezkoa: subjektua + have ( ve) got edo has ( s) got. You have got a famous mother. (Ama ospetsua duzu.) Ezezkoa: subjektua + have / has + not (n t) + got. They haven t got sandwiches for lunch. (Bazkaltzeko ez dute sandwichik.) Galderazkoa: Have / Has + subjektua + got. Have you got a favourite artist? (Gustuko artistaren bat baduzu?) Erantzun motzak: pertsona-izenordain subjektua + have / has edo haven t / hasn t (got gabe) erabiltzen dira. Has she got an iphone? Yes, she has. / No, she hasn t. (iphone-rik ba al du? Bai. / Ez.) GENITIBO SAXOIA Jabetza adierazten du. Pertsonekin, animaliekin eta herrialdeekin erabiltzen da. Izen bati apostrofoa ( ) eta s bat gehitzean datza. Brian s dog (Brianen txakurra) the dog s teeth (txakurraren hortzak) Scotland s climate (Eskoziako eguraldia) Izena plurala edo erregularra bada edo -s batez amaitzen bada, apostrofoa bakarrik gehituko diogu; baina, plural erregularra bada, biak erantsiko ditugu: s. my parents house (nire gurasoen etxea) the women s photo (emakumeen argazkia) Izen berezia -s batez bukatzen bada, bi aukera ditugu, edo apostrofoa soilik gehitu edo biak gehitu James / James s house (Jamesen etxea) Gauzekin of preposizioa erabiltzen da, eta ez genitibo saxoia. the roof of the house (etxearen teilatua) Unit 2 THERE IS / THERE ARE Zenbakarriak Baiezkoa Ezezkoa Galderazkoa Erantzun motzak Zenbakaitzak There is a banana. There is tea. There are apples. There isn t an egg. There isn t milk. There aren t beans. Is there a cake? Is there bread? Are there onions? Yes, there is. / No, there isn t. Yes, there are. / No, there aren t. Baiezkoa: There is formak izen zenbakarri singularra edo izen zenbakaitza izaten du ondotik. There are forma izen zenbakarri pluralekin bakarrik erabil daiteke. Dago eta daude esangura du. Ezezkoa: There is / There are + not partikula (There is not / There are not) edo n t laburtua (There isn t / There aren t). Galderazkoa: galderek Is / Are aditza + there izaten dute hasieran. Erantzun motzak: ohiko hurrenkerara itzuliko gara, eta, ezezkoak badira, forma laburtuak erabiliko ditugu. DETERMINATZAILEAK the a / an some any Izen zenbakarriekin eta zenbakaitzekin. Hiztunari ezagunak zaizkion izenen aurrean erabiltzen da. -a -ak, -ek I have got one egg. The egg is white. Izen zenbakarri singularrekin. Hiztunari ezezagun zaizkion izenen aurrean erabiltzen dira. bat a picture, an orange Baiezko esaldietan: Izen zenbakarri pluralekin eta zenbakaitzekin. Galderetan: Galderan adierazitako eskaintza edo eskaeraren erantzuna baiezkoa izatea espero denean. batzu(e)k pixka bat )edo itzultzeke( There are some trees. We ve got some fruit. Would you like some tea? Ezezko esaldietan eta galderetan: Izen zenbakarri pluralekin eta zenbakaitzekin. (batere)... -(r)ik -(r)ik HOW MUCH / HOW MANY How many...? Zenbat? How much...? Zenbat? I haven t got any sisters. She hasn t got any money. Are there any biscuits? Have you got any water? Izen zenbakarri pluralekin. How many chairs are there? Izen zenbakaitzekin. To be aditzarekin doanean, gauza baten prezioa galdetzeko erabiltzen da. How much flour do you need? How much is it? Zerbaiten kopurua edo zenbakia jakin nahi dugunean erabiliko ditugu galdetzaile hauek. 11

12 grammar appendix Unit 3 PRESENT SIMPLE Baiezkoa Ezezkoa Forma laburtua I play I do not play I don t play You play You do not play You don t play He plays He does not play He doesn t play She plays She does not play She doesn t play It plays It does not play It don t play We play We do not play We don t play You play You do not play You don t play They play They do not play They don t play Erantzun motzak Galderazkoa Baiezkoa Ezezkoa Do I play...? Yes, I do. No, I don t. Do you play...? Yes, you do. No, you don t. Does he play...? Yes, he does. No, he doesn t. Does she play...? Yes, she does. No, she doesn t. Does it play...? Yes, it does. No, it doesn t. Do we play...? Yes, we do. No, we don t. Do you play...? Yes, you do. No, you don t. Do they play...? Yes, they do. No, they don t. Baiezkoa: aditzaren oinarrizko forma bezalakoxea da (to gabeko infinitiboa) pertsona guztietan, singularreko 3. pertsonan izan ezik, honi -s gehitzen baitiogu. He walks the dog every day. (Egunero paseatzen du txakurra.) Ondorengo kasuetan, -s gehitu ordez -es bukaera gehitzen zaie: - Ss, sh, ch edo x batez bukatutakoei: pass passes wash washes mix mixes - O batez bukatutakoei: do does go goes - Kontsonantea + y bukaeradunei y kendu eta i gehitzen zaie: study studies carry carries Ezezkoa: subjektua + do / does + not (n t) + aditza oinarrizko forman. My dog doesn t eat fish. (Nire txakurrak ez du arrainik jaten.) Galderazkoa: Do / Does + subjektua + aditza. Do you like animals? (Animaliak gustatzen al zaizkizu?) Erantzun motzak: pertsona-izenordain subjektua + do / does edo don t / doesn t. Do you do sport? Yes, I do. / No, I don t. (Kirola egiten duzu? Bai. / Ez.) Present Simple denboraren erabilerak Deskribapenak eta The sun sets in the west. egia orokorrak (Eguzkia mendebaldetik sartzen da.) Ohiko edo eguneroko ekintzak Gustuak eta iritziak Egitarauak eta ordutegiak We stay at home on Mondays. (Astelehenetan etxean gelditzen gara.) He likes horses. (Zaldiak gustatzen zaizkio.) The plane leaves at 10 o clock. (Autobusa hamarretan puntuan ateratzen da.) Present Simple aldiarekin honako denbora-esamoldeak erabiltzen dira maiz: every day / week / year (egunero / astero / urtero), once / twice a year (urtean behin / bitan), on + asteko egun bat pluralean, at night (gauean), in the morning (goizean), in the summer (udan), etab. Esaldiaren hasieran edo bukaeran ager daitezke guztiak; bukaeran, hala ere, sarriago ikusiko ditugu. She goes to the zoo twice a year. (Astean bitan joaten da zoora.) maiztasun-adberbioak Present Simple aditz-denborarekin maiztasun-adberbio hauek erabiltzen dira: always usually often sometimes rarely never beti normalean maiz batzuetan gutxitan inoiz ez Adberbio hauek ekintzak zenbatetan egiten ditugun adierazten dute. Aditzaren aurrean kokatzen dira, to be aditzaren kasuan izan ezik. Kasu honetan aditzaren atzean jartzen dira. Rabbits usually eat carrots. (Untxiek normalean azenarioak jaten dituzte.) I am always tired at night. (Gauean beti nekatuta egoten naiz.) 12

13 grammar appendix Unit 4 PRESENT CONTINUOUS Baiezkoa I am cooking You are cooking He is cooking She is cooking It is cooking We are cooking You are cooking They are cooking Ezezkoa I am not cooking You are not cooking He is not cooking She is not cooking It is not cooking We are not cooking You are not cooking They are not cooking Galderazkoa I m cooking You re cooking He s cooking She s cooking It s cooking We re cooking You re cooking They re cooking I m not cooking Forma laburtua Forma laburtua You aren t / You re not cooking He isn t / He s not cooking She isn t / She s not cooking It isn t / It s not cooking We aren t / We re not cooking You aren t / You re not cooking They aren t / They re not cooking Baiezkoa Erantzun motzak Ezezkoa Am I cooking? Yes, I am. No, I m not. Are you cooking? Yes, you are. No, you aren t. Is he cooking? Yes, he is. No, he isn t. Is she cooking? Yes, she is. No, she isn t. Is it cooking? Yes, it is. No, it isn t. Are we cooking? Yes, we are. No, we aren t. Are you cooking? Yes, you are. No, you aren t. Are they cooking? Yes, they are. No, they aren t. Hitz egiteko unean nahiz une horren inguruan gertatzen ari dena adierazten du. Baiezkoa: subjektua + am / is / are + -ing bukaera daraman aditza. She is studying now. (Ikasten ari da orain.) Ondorengo kasuetan, -ing bukaera gehitzerakoan, ortografia-arau hauek jarraitu behar dira: - E mutuaz amaituek e hori galtzen dute: live living - Silaba bakarrekoek, amaieran bokala + kontsonantea dutenek, kontsonante hori bikoizten dute: run running sit sitting - Bi silabadunek, bigarrena azentuduna, azken kontsonantea bikoizten dute: refer referring begin beginning - L batez amaituek hizki hori bikoizten dute: travel travelling - Ie amaiera dutenei ie hori y bilakatuko zaie: lie lying die dying Ezezkoa: subjektua + am / is / are + not partikula edo n t laburbildua (is nahiz are formei itsatsia erabil daiteke azken hori; ez, ordea, am formari) + -ing bukaera duen aditza. Berbaldian forma laburbildua ohikoagoa da. They aren t sleeping right now. (Oraintxe bertan ez daude lotan.) Galderazkoa: Am / Is / Are + subjektua + -ing amaieradun aditza. Are they working at the moment? (Lanean ari al dira une honetan?) Erantzun motzak: pertsona-izenordain subjektua + to be aditza, baiezkoetan laburbildu gabe, eta, ezezkoetan, not partikularekin laburbilduta. Are you visiting the museum? Yes, I am. / No, I m not. (Museoa bisitatzen ari al zara? Bai. / Ez.) Present Continuous aditz-denborarekin sarri ikusiko ditugu ondorengo denbora-esamoldeak: now (orain), at the moment (une honetan), right now (oraintxe bertan), today (gaur), these days (egun hauetan), this week (aste honetan), etab. Esamolde hauek guztiak esaldiaren hasieran nola bukaeran ager daitezke, bukaeran ohikoagoak izan arren. I am buying food right now. (Jatekoa erosten ari naiz une honetan.) PRESENT SIMPLE / present continuous ADITZ-DENBOREN ARTEKO ALDEA Present Simple ohiko ekintzez hitz egiteko erabiltzen da; Present Continuous, kontrara, hitz egiteko unean gertatzen ari dena deskribatzeko. I usually study at home, but today I m studying at the library. (Normalean etxean ikasten dut, baina gaur liburutegian ari naiz ikasten.) Stative verbs Gustuak, sentimenduak, desioak, buru-jarduerak, jabetzak eta pertzepzioak adierazteko erabiltzen dira aditz horiek. Egoerak adierazten dituzte, eta ez ekintzak; horregatik ez dira Present Continuous aldiarekin erabiltzen. I want to eat at Lombardi s Pizzeria. (Lombardi pizzerian jan nahi dut.) I don t know the answer. (Ez dakit erantzuna.) 13

14 grammar appendix Unit 5 can Baiezkoa Ezezkoa Forma laburtua I can play I cannot play I can t play You can play You cannot play You can t play He can play He cannot play He can t play She can play She cannot play She can t play It can play It cannot play It can t play We can play We cannot play We can t play You can play You cannot play You can t play They can play They cannot play They can t play Erantzun motzak Galderazkoa Baiezkoa Ezezkoa Can I play? Yes, I can. No, I can t. Can you play? Yes, you can. No, you can t. Can he play? Yes, he can. No, he can t. Can she play? Yes, she can. No, she can t. Can it play? Yes, it can. No, it can t. Can we play? Yes, we can. No, we can t. Can you play? Yes, you can. No, you can t. Can they play? Yes, they can. No, they can t. Can aditz modalak jakin eta ahal izan esangura du. Baiezkoa: subjektua + can + aditzoina. Aditz modala denez, singularreko 3. pertsonak ez du -s bukaerarik hartzen. He can play tennis. (Badaki tenisean jokatzen.) Ezezkoa: subjektua + cannot edo can t laburtua + aditzoina. My sister can t drive a car. (Nire ahizpak ez daki kotxea gidatzen / ezin du kotxea gidatu.) Galderazkoa: Can + subjektua + aditzoina. Can you run very fast? (Oso azkar egin dezakezu korrika?) Erantzun motzak: pertsona-izenordain subjektua + can edo can t. Can you take a picture? Yes, I can. / No, I can t. (Argazki bat atera dezakezu? Bai. / Ez.) Can aditzaren erabilerak Zerbait egiteko trebezia edo gaitasuna: jakin Zerbait egiteko posibilitatea: ahal izan Baimena eta mesedeak eskatzeko: ahal izan He can speak English. (Ingelesez hitz egiten daki.) I can call you now. (Orain dei diezazuket.) Can you close the door? (Atea itxi dezakezu?) MUST I must run You must run He must run She must run It must run We must run You must run Baiezkoa They must run I mustn t run Ezezkoa You mustn t run He mustn t run She mustn t run It mustn t run We mustn t run You mustn t run They mustn t run Must aditzak baiezko eran behar izan esangura du; zerbait egiteko obligazioa edo behar handia adierazten du. Ezezko eran, aldiz, esanahi guztiz desberdina du: debekua adierazten du, zerbait egiterik ez dagoela edo ezin dela, ez delako egitea komeni edo ez delako zuzena. Gainera, baiezko nahiz ezezko eran, aholkuak emateko ere erabil daiteke. Baiezkoa: subjektua + must + aditzoina. Hau ere aditz modala denez, singularreko 3. pertsonak ez du -s bukaerarik hartzen. She must leave tomorrow. (Bihar joan beharra du.) Ezezkoa: subjektua + must not edo mustn t laburbildua + aditzoina. You mustn t talk in the library. (Liburutegian ez duzu hitz egin behar.) [debekatuta dago] I mustn t be late. (Ezin naiz berandu iritsi.) [ez da zuzena] Galderazkoa: Must + subjektua + aditzoina. Kasu honetan must modalak obligazioa edo beharra adierazten du, nahiz eta galderetan gehiegi erabili ez. Must I wear the helmet? (Kaskoa eraman beharra dut?) Erantzun motzak: pertsona-izenordain subjektua + must edo mustn t. Must we run quickly? Yes, you must. / No, you mustn t. (Azkar egin behar al dugu korrika? Bai. / Ez.) 14

15 grammar appendix MODU-ADBERBIOAK Adjektiboa Modu-adberbioa bad txar badly gaizki slow makal slowly poliki quick azkar quickly agudo, azkar careful arduratsu carefully arretaz easy erraz easily erraz, aise quiet isil quietly isilik, zaratarik egin gabe clear argi, garbi clearly argi, garbi generous eskuzabal generously eskuzabal regular erdipurdiko, ohiko regularly good on well ongi erdipurdi, aldizka hard gogor, zail hard gogor, asko fast azkar fast azkar, agudo high luze, garai high goian, gora Modu-adberbioek aditzak aldarazten dituzte, ekintza nola egiten den deskribatzen baitute. How...? (Nola...?) galdetzaileaz hasitako galderak erantzuten dira haiekin. Gehienak erregularrak dira, eta dagokion adjektiboari -ly gehituz osatzen dira. He runs quickly. (Azkar egiten du korrika.) They swim well. (Ongi egiten dute igeri.) INTENTSITATE-ADBERBIOAK very oso quite not at all fairly slightly completely dezente, oso ezer ez, inola ere ez nahiko pixka bat erabat Beste adberbio edo adjektibo baten aurrean jartzen dira, eta haien esangura ñabartzen dute, indarra areagotuz edo gutxiagotuz. He runs very fast. (Oso azkar egiten du korrika.) The exercise is quite easy. (Ariketa nahiko erraza da.) Unit 6 Konparatiboa Bi gauza, animalia edo pertsona alderatzeko, adjektiboak modu konparatiboan erabiliko ditugu. Nagusitasun konparatiboa (baino...-ago) bi gauza, animalia edo pertsona alderatzeko erabiltzen da; batak bestea ezaugarriren batean gainditzen duela adierazteko. Adjektibo hori egoki osatu ahal izateko, haren luzera hartu behar da kontuan: 1. Silaba bakarrekoa edo y bukaera duen bikoa bada, laburtzat jotzen da, eta -er bukaera gehitzen zaio, atzean than partikula duela. My dad is taller than my mum. (Nire aita ama baino garaiagoa da.) Ondorengo kasuetan, -er gehitu aurretik, ortografia-arau hauei erreparatu behar zaie: - Silaba bakarrekoa izanda, bokala + kontsonantea baditu amaieran, kontsonante hori bikoiztu egiten da: thin thinner big bigger - Kontsonantea + y amaieradun 2 silabakoa bada, y hori i batez ordezten da: crazy crazier lucky luckier - L bukaeraduna bada, hizki hori bikoizten zaio: cruel crueller - E mutuaz amaitzen bada, -r bakarrik gehitzen zaio: nice nicer 2. Bi silaba edo gehiago baditu, adjektiboa luzea da, eta honela eratzen da konparatiboa: more + adjektiboa + than. Boots are more expensive than shoes. (Botak zapatak baino garestiagoak dira.) 3. Adjektibo batzuk irregularrak direnez, ez dituzte arau horiek jarraitzen; honenbestez, buruz ikasi behar dira. good better bad worse 15

16 grammar appendix PERTSONA-IZENORDAIN OBJEKTUAK me ni (niri) you him her it us you them zu (zuri) hura (hari [gizonezkoari]) hura (hari [emakumezkoari]) hura (hari [gauza edo animaliari]) gu (guri) zuek (zuei) haiek (haiei) Objektu-funtzioa dute esaldian, hots, osagarri zuzenak, zeharkakoak edo zirkunstantzialak dira. Euskaraz, ordea, osagarri zuzenak edo zeharkakoak direnean, aditzak berak biltzen ditu bere barnean. I am visiting him today. (Gaur bisitatuko dut.) I buy her a present every year. (Urtero erosten diot oparia.) I m cooking for them. (Haientzat ari naiz kuzinatzen.) Esaldi berean osagarri zuzena eta zeharkakoa badaude izenordain forman, honela kokatzen dira: OZ + preposizioa + ZO. Greg needs those keys. Give them to him, please. (Gregek giltza horiek behar ditu. Eman iezazkiozu, mesedez.) Unit 7 TO BE ADITZA LEHENALDIAN Baiezkoa Ezezkoa Forma laburtua I was I was not I wasn t You were You were not You weren t He was He was not He wasn t She was She was not She wasn t It was It was not It wasn t We were We were not We weren t You were You were not You weren t They were They were not They weren t Erantzun motzak Galderazkoa Baiezkoa Ezezkoa Was I...? Yes, I was. No, I wasn t. Were you...? Yes, you were. No, you weren t. Was he...? Yes, he was. No, he wasn t. Was she...? Yes, she was. No, she wasn t. Was it...? Yes, it was. No, it wasn t. Were we...? Yes, we were. No, we weren t. Were you...? Yes, you were. No, you weren t. Were they...? Yes, they were. No, they weren t. To be aditzaren lehenaldia iraganeko gertaerak kontatu edo deskribatzeko erabiltzen da. Baiezkoa: subjektua + was / were. Was singularreko 1. eta 3. pertsonekin erabiltzen da, eta were gainontzekoekin. The fridge was in the kitchen. (Hozkailua sukaldean zegoen.) Ezezkoa: subjektua + was / were + not partikula edo n t laburbildua. Mintzatzerakoan forma laburtuak dira ohikoenak. The blanket wasn t in the washing machine. (Ohe-estalkia ez zegoen garbigailuan.) Galderazkoa: Was / Were + subjektua. Were you at the cinema? (Zineman al zeunden?) Erantzun motzak: pertsona-izenordain subjektua + was / were edo wasn t / weren t. Was the cat on the sofa? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn t. (Katua sofa gainean al zegoen? Bai. / Ez.) 16

17 grammar appendix Ekintza gertatu zen unea adierazteko, lehenaldiko perpausek ondorengo denbora-esamolderen bat erabili ohi dute: ago (orain dela) denbora-esamoldearen amaieran, last night / week / month / year (bart/ joan den astean/ joan den hilean/ iaz), yesterday (atzo), in the past (iraganean), at + ordua, in + urtea, on + asteko eguna edo data, etab. Guztiak perpausaren hasieran edo bukaeran erabil daitezke; bukaeran, ordea, ohikoagoak dira. Two years ago, we were in London on holiday. (Orain dela bi urte Londresen geunden oporretan.) My room was very tidy last night. (Nire gela oso txukun zegoen bart.) THERE WAS / THERE WERE Zenbakarriak Baiezkoa Ezezkoa Galderazkoa Erantzun motzak There was a table. There were chairs. There wasn t an egg. There weren t shoes. Was there a cake? Were there beans? Zenbakaitzak There was sugar. There wasn t tea. Was there milk? Yes, there was. / No, there wasn t. Yes, there were. / No, there weren t. Baiezkoa: There was izen zenbakarri singularrarekin edo izen zenbakaitzekin erabiltzen da. There were izen zenbakarri pluralekin bakarrik erabil daiteke. There is eta There are formen lehenaldiko aldaerak ditugu; horregatik, zegoen eta zeuden esangura dute. Ezezkoa: There was / There were + not partikula (There was not / There were not) edo n t laburbilduarekin (There wasn t / There weren t). Galderazkoa: Was / Were hasieran + there. Erantzun motzak: ohiko hurrenkerara itzuliko gara, eta, ezezkoak direnean, forma laburtuak erabiliko ditugu. Unit 8 PAST SIMPLE Baiezkoa Ezezkoa Forma laburtua I washed I did not wash I didn t wash You washed You did not wash You didn t wash He washed He did not wash He didn t wash She washed She did not wash She didn t wash It washed It did not wash It didn t wash We washed We did not wash We didn t wash You washed You did not wash You didn t wash They washed They did not wash They didn t wash Galderazkoa Baiezkoa Erantzun motzak Ezezkoa Did I wash...? Yes, I did. No, I didn t. Did you wash...? Yes, you did. No, you didn t. Did he wash...? Yes, he did. No, he didn t. Did she wash...? Yes, she did. No, she didn t. Did it wash...? Yes, it did. No, it didn t. Did we wash...? Yes, we did. No, we didn t. Did you wash...? Yes, you did. No, you didn t. Did they wash...? Yes, they did. No, they didn t. Baiezkoa: aditz erregularrei -ed erantsiz osatzen da, eta pertsona guztiek forma bera dute. Aditz irregularrek ez dute arau hori jarraitzen; beraz, buruz ikasi behar dira. I visited Larry last night. (Larry bisitatu nuen atzo gauean.) Ondorengo kasuetan, oinarrizko formari -ed bukaera gehitu aurretik, ortografia-arau hauei arreta jarri behar zaie: - Aditza silaba bakarrekoa bada, eta bokala + kontsonantea baditu amaieran, kontsonante hori bikoizten da: stop stopped drop dropped - Bi silabakoa bada, eta bigarrena azentuduna, azken kontsonantea hori da: prefer preferred permit permitted - L batez amaitzen bada, hizki hori bikoizten da: travel travelled - Kontsonantea + y amaieraduna bada, y hori i bilakatzen da: worry worried try tried - E mutuaz amaitzen bada, -d soilik gehitzen zaio: bake baked live lived Ezezkoa: subjektua + did not edo didn t + aditzaren oinarrizko forma. She didn t go there yesterday. (Ez zen hara joan atzo.) 17

18 grammar appendix Galderazkoa: Did + subjektua + aditzoina. Did you call her last night? (Atzo gauean deitu egin al zenion?) Erantzun motzak: pertsona-izenordain subjektua + did ala didn t. Did she go to the party? Yes, she did. / No, she didn t. (Festara joan al zen? Bai. / Ez.) Past Simple denboraren erabilerak Iraganeko ekintzak They went home yesterday. adierazteko (Etxera joan ziren atzo.) Iraganeko une zehatz batean egin genuena adierazteko Istorioak lehenaldian kontatzeko Iraganean gauzak nola ziren kontatzeko We watched that film last night. (Film hori atzo gauean ikusi genuen.) I washed the dishes. Then I cleaned my room. (Ontziak garbitu nituen. Gero nire logela txukundu nuen.) In the past, only boys studied. (Iraganean mutilek bakarrik ikasten zuten.) Past Simple aditz-denborarekin erabiltzen diren denboraesamolde ohikoenak hauek dira: ago (orain dela) denbora-esamoldearen amaieran, last night / week / year (bart / joan den astean / iaz), at + ordua, on + asteko eguna edo data, in + urtea, in the past (iraganean), yesterday (atzo), etab. Guztiak perpausaren hasieran nahiz bukaeran jar daitezke, baina ohikoagoak dira bukaeran. Three days ago, they called me. (Orain dela hiru egun deitu zidaten.) She wrote a letter last night. (Gutun bat idatzi zuen atzo gauean.) Aditz irregularren Past Simple denbora Aditz irregularrek ez dute inongo araurik jarraitzen, eta, horrenbestez, buruz ikasi behar dira lehenaldiko formak. 20. eta 21. orrialdeetan duzu zerrenda, baina hona hemen arruntenetariko batzuk: see saw ikusi hear heard entzun read read irakurri go went joan begin began hasi have had eduki Unit 9 ETORKIZUNA BE GOING TO EGITURAREKIN Baiezkoa Forma laburtua I am going to run You are going to run He is going to run She is going to run It is going to run We are going to run You are going to run They are going to run I m going to run You re going to run He s going to run She s going to run It s going to run We re going to run You re going to run They re going to run Ezezkoa eta forma laburtua I am not / I m not going to run You are not / You aren t / You re not going to run He is not / He isn t / He s not going to run She is not / She isn t / She s not going to run It is not / It isn t / It s not going to run We are not / We aren t / We re not going to run You are not / You aren t / You re not going to run They are not / They aren t / They re not going to run Galderazkoa Baiezkoa Erantzun motzak Ezezkoa Am I going to run? Yes, I am. No, I m not. Are you going to run? Yes, you are. No, you aren t. Is he going to run? Yes, he is. No, he isn t. Is she going to run? Yes, she is. No, she isn t. Is it going to run? Yes, it is. No, it isn t. Are we going to run? Yes, we are. No, we aren t. Are you going to run? Yes, you are. No, you aren t. Are they going to run? Yes, they are. No, they aren t. Infinitiboa + t(z)era noa esangura du. Baiezkoa: subjektua + to be orainaldian + going to + aditzoina. Paul is going to visit Sam. (Paulek bisita egingo dio Sami.) Ezezkoa: subjektua + to be orainaldian + not (n t) + going to + aditzoina. They aren t going to climb a mountain. (Ez doaz mendi bat eskalatzera.) Galderazkoa: to be orainaldian + subjektua + going to + aditzoina. Is she going to go camping? (Ba al doa kanpatzera?) 18

19 grammar appendix Erantzun motzak: pertsona-izenordain subjektua + to be egitura jarraituko dugu, baiezkoetan laburbildu gabe, eta, ezezkoetan, not partikularekin laburbilduta. Are you going to watch the football game? Yes, I am. / No, I m not. (Futbol partida ikustera zoaz? Bai. / Ez.) Etorkizuneko be going to egituraren erabilerak Gure egitasmoei eta erabakiei buruz hitz I m going to visit London. egiteko (Londres bisitatzera noa.) Zer gertatuko den adierazteko, horretarako zantzuak baditugulako She is going to have another baby soon. (Beste ume bat izango du laster.) Be going to egiturarekin duen aldea zera da, ez garela intentzioaz soilik ari, ziurtasun osoz gertatuko den zerbaitez baizik, aldez aurretik finkatua dagoelako. Etorkizun esanahi hori adierazteko, mugimendu-aditzak erabiltzen ditugu. She is flying to Paris tonight. (Gaur gauean Parisera doa / joango da.) [txartela badu jada, ziurra da] Be going to egiturarekin ondorengo denboraesamoldeak aurkituko ditugu maiz: later (beranduago), soon (laster), this afternoon / evening (gaur arratsaldean), tonight (gaur gauean), tomorrow (bihar), in + urtea, next week / month / year (datorren astean / hilean / urtean), in the future (etorkizunean), on + asteko eguna edo data, etab. Perpausaren hasieran nahiz bukaeran erabil badaitezke ere, ohikoagoak dira bukaeran. I am going to meet my friends later. (Lagunekin elkartuko naiz gero.) Next year, I m going to travel to India. (Datorren urtean Indiara bidaiatuko dut.) PRESENT CONTINUOUS ETORKIZUN ESANAHIAREKIN Present Continuous (4. unitatean ikusi duzun bezala) hitz egiteko unean gertatzen ari dena deskribatzeko erabiltzen da. To be + -ing bukaeradun aditzarekin osatzen da, eta, bukaera hori zuzen gehitzeko, ortografiaarau batzuk jarraitu behar dira (It s raining, She is living, etab.). Baina, horrezaz gain, Present Continuous aditz-denborak etorkizun esanahia du, etorkizun hurbilean gertatuko diren ekintzak, aldez aurretik finkatuak, iragartzeko ere erabiltzen delako. I am visiting a museum on Sunday. (Museo bat bisitatzera noa igandean.) Present Continuous arruntarekin duen aldea denbora esamoldeetan datza. Hots, etorkizun esanahia duenak ekintza noiz gertatuko den adieraziko digun denboraesamoldea izaten du lagungarri: this afternoon / evening (gaur arratsaldean), on + asteko eguna edo data, in + hilabetea edo urtea, next week / month (datorren astean / hilean), at + ordua, tomorrow (bihar), in ten minutes (hamar minutu barru), etab. The train is leaving in five minutes. (Trena bost minutu barru aterako da.) 19

20 Irregular Verbs BASE FORM (V1) PAST SIMPLE (V2) PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) EUSKARA be /VA/ was/were /rfh/rk/ been /VAm/ izan beat /VAW/ beat /VAW/ beaten /'VAWm/ jo become /VB'YJl/ became /VB'YMl/ become /VB'YJl/ bihurtu, bilakatu begin /VB'ZBm/ began /VB'Zæm/ begun /VB'ZJm/ hasi bend /VCmX/ bent /VCmW/ bent /VCmW/ tolestu, okertu bet /VCW/ bet /VCW/ bet /VCW/ apustu egin bite /VOW/ bit /VBW/ bitten /'VBWm/ hozka egin bleed /VoAX/ bled /VoCX/ bled /VoCX/ odola jario blow /VoLH/ blew /VoI/ blown /VoLHm/ putz egin break /VpMY/ broke /VpLHY/ broken /'VpLHYLm/ apurtu bring /VpBn/ brought /VpGW/ brought /VpGW/ ekarri build /VBoX/ built /VBoW/ built /VBoW/ eraiki burn /VKm/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ burnt/burned /VKmW/VKmX/ erre buy /VO/ bought /VGW/ bought /VGW/ erosi catch /Yæa/ caught /YGW/ caught /YGW/ hartu, harrapatu choose /aih/ chose /alhh/ chosen /'alhhm/ aukeratu come /YJl/ came /YMl/ come /YJl/ etorri cost /YFgW/ cost /YFgW/ cost /YFgW/ kostatu cut /YJW/ cut /YJW/ cut /YJW/ moztu dig /XBZ/ dug /XJZ/ dug /XJZ/ aitzurtu, zuloa egin do /XI/ did /XBX/ done /XJm/ egin draw /XpG/ drew /XpI/ drawn /XpGm/ marraztu dream /XpAl/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ dreamt/dreamed /XpClW/XpAlX/ amets egin drink /XpBnY/ drank /XpænY/ drunk /XpJnY/ edan drive /XpOd/ drove /XpLHd/ driven /'XpBdm/ gidatu eat /AW/ ate /CBW/ eaten /AWm/ jan fall /cgo/ fell /cco/ fallen /'cgolm/ erori feed /cax/ fed /ccx/ fed /ccx/ elikatu feel /cao/ felt /ccow/ felt /ccow/ sentitu fight /cow/ fought /cgw/ fought /cgw/ borrokatu, borroka egin find /comx/ found /cpmx/ found /cpmx/ aurkitu fly /coo/ flew /coi/ flown /colhm/ hegan egin forget /cl'zcw/ forgot /cl'zfw/ forgotten /cl'zfwm/ ahaztu forgive /cl'zbd/ forgave /cl'zmd/ forgiven /cl'zbdm/ barkatu freeze /cpah/ froze /cplhh/ frozen /'cplhhm/ izoztu get /ZCW/ got /ZFW/ got /ZFW/ lortu; iritsi give /ZBd/ gave /ZMd/ given /ZBdm/ eman go /ZN/ went /rcmw/ gone /ZFm/ joan grow /ZpN/ grew /ZpI/ grown /ZpNm/ hazi; landatu hang /kæn/ hanged/hung /kænx/kjn/ hanged/hung /kænx/kjn/ eseki have /kæd/ had /kæx/ had /kæx/ izan, eduki hear /kbl/ heard /kkx/ heard /kkx/ entzun hide /kox/ hid /kbx/ hidden /'kbxm/ ezkutatu hit /kbw/ hit /kbw/ hit /kbw/ jo hold /knox/ held /kcox/ held /kcox/ eutsi hurt /kkw/ hurt /kkw/ hurt /kkw/ zauritu, mindu; min eman keep /YAU/ kept /YCUW/ kept /YCUW/ gorde, mantendu know /mn/ knew /mqi/ known /mnm/ jakin, ezagutu lay /ocb/ laid /ocbx/ laid /ocbx/ jarri; hedatu, zabaldu lead /oax/ led /ocx/ led /ocx/ zuzendu, gidatu 20

Movers Reading & Writing

Movers Reading & Writing Page 28 Movers Cambridge Young Learners English Tests Part 1 6 questions Look and read. Choose the correct words and write them on the lines. a whale coffee a shoulder an elephant soup a stomach milk a

More information

Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect Tenses

Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect Tenses Simple Present, Simple Past and Present Perfect Tenses This is a list of. I will read the base form, the simple past tense and the past participle of the verb. Then, I will read the verb in three sentences,

More information

EXCERCISES FOR 1º ESO

EXCERCISES FOR 1º ESO Unit 1 Excercises EXCERCISES FOR 1º ESO 1 Match the words in A to their opposites in B. A B 1...fair a. thin 2... 1 curly b. dark 3...ugly c. old 4...tall d. good-looking 5...fat e. straight 6...small

More information

Fry Phrases Set 1. TeacherHelpForParents.com help for all areas of your child s education

Fry Phrases Set 1. TeacherHelpForParents.com help for all areas of your child s education Set 1 The people Write it down By the water Who will make it? You and I What will they do? He called me. We had their dog. What did they say? When would you go? No way A number of people One or two How

More information

Kangourou Italia - British Institutes Gara del 2 marzo 2010 Categoria Wallaby Per studenti della classe terza della Scuola Secondaria di Primo Grado

Kangourou Italia - British Institutes Gara del 2 marzo 2010 Categoria Wallaby Per studenti della classe terza della Scuola Secondaria di Primo Grado Testi_Kang_10ENG.qxp 8-01-2010 22:38 Pagina 10 Kangourou Italia - British Institutes Gara del 2 marzo 2010 Categoria Per studenti della classe terza della Scuola Secondaria di Primo Grado Choose the correct

More information

English for Spanish Speakers. Second Edition. Caroline Nixon & Michael Tomlinson

English for Spanish Speakers. Second Edition. Caroline Nixon & Michael Tomlinson English for Spanish Speakers Second Edition s 2 Caroline Nixon & Michael Tomlinson 1 2 There are pencils in the classroom, yes there are. There s a cupboard on the pencils, yes there is. There s a ruler

More information

Fry s Sight Word Phrases

Fry s Sight Word Phrases The people Write it down By the water Who will make it? You and I What will they do? He called me. We had their dog. What did they say? When would you go? No way A number of people One or two How long

More information

Fast Phrases. - Timed - PHRASES WITH FRY INSTANT WORDS

Fast Phrases. - Timed - PHRASES WITH FRY INSTANT WORDS Fast Phrases - Timed - PHRASES WITH FRY INSTANT WORDS Fry Instant Words are high-frequency words that occur in reading. By practicing reading these phrases containing these words, students can improve

More information

B.A. ENGLISH ENTRANCE TEST

B.A. ENGLISH ENTRANCE TEST B.A. ENGLISH ENTRANCE TEST Time allowed: 60 min Total marks for the test: 100 Marking scheme: 1 mark for each correct answer In each multiple choice question, only one of the four answers is correct. Choose

More information

A Note to Parents. 1. As you study the list, vary the order of the words.

A Note to Parents. 1. As you study the list, vary the order of the words. A Note to Parents This Wordbook contains all the sight words we will be studying throughout the year plus some additional enrichment words. Your child should spend some time each week studying this Wordbook

More information

ESL 3 8 8 + 1 62 QUESTION 62 ANSWER 8 LUCKY CARDS

ESL 3 8 8 + 1 62 QUESTION 62 ANSWER 8 LUCKY CARDS Speaking Cards ESL Card Game For 3 8 players Age: 8 + Level of English: High Beginners or False Beginners (at least 1 year of learning English) 62 QUESTION cards, 62 ANSWER cards, 8 LUCKY CARDS (together:

More information

SALE TODAY All toys half price

SALE TODAY All toys half price Name: Class: Date: KET Practice PET TestPractice Reading Test and Reading Writing KET PET Part 1 Questions 1 5 Which notice (A H) says this (1 5)? For Questions 1 5 mark the correct letter A H on your

More information

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION

DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION Servicio de Inspección Educativa Hezkuntzako Ikuskapen Zerbitzua 2 0 1 1 / 1 2 DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION 4th YEAR of PRIMARY EDUCATION ENGLISH LITERACY Name / surname(s):... School:... Group:... City / Town:.

More information

NIT 5: Food I like. Debbie: Do you want some chocolate, Leo?

NIT 5: Food I like. Debbie: Do you want some chocolate, Leo? NIT 5: Food I like UNIT L e s s o n 1 1.vv vvlisten and read Debbie: Do you want some chocolate, Leo? Leo: No, thank you. I love chocolate but I can t eat it. I want to be a football player and sport men

More information

ENGLISH FILE. End-of-course Test. New. Beginner. 1 Complete the sentences with one word.

ENGLISH FILE. End-of-course Test. New. Beginner. 1 Complete the sentences with one word. End-of-course Test GRAMMAR 1 Complete the sentences with one word. Example: A Are you Simon? B Yes, I am. 1 A Where Sally from? B She s from Ireland. 2 A Are they French? B No, they. They re Italian. 3

More information

EKOLA Junior High School Bilingual Programme Entrance Test (1h15) Sample Paper. Result:

EKOLA Junior High School Bilingual Programme Entrance Test (1h15) Sample Paper. Result: EKOLA Junior High School Bilingual Programme Entrance Test (1h15) Sample Paper Name: Result: Task 1 Which notice says what? For questions 1 5, match the correct letter A H. 1. You do not have to pay extra

More information

Nombre: I am not playing. You are not (you aren t) eating. He is not (He isn t) reading. She is not (She isn t) sleeping.

Nombre: I am not playing. You are not (you aren t) eating. He is not (He isn t) reading. She is not (She isn t) sleeping. PRESENT CONTINUOUS Affirmative Negative Interrogative I am (I m) playing. You are (you re) eating He is (He s) reading. She is (She s) sleeping. It is (It s) running. We are (we re) speaking. You are (you

More information

Past Simple & Past Continuous. Exercises

Past Simple & Past Continuous. Exercises Past Simple & Past Continuous Exercises The following document is a brief description and a series of exercises for practicing the past simple and the past continuous in order to improve your knowledge

More information

Today, it is spoken in some offices. He's going to study English hard. and talk with a lot of people in the future.

Today, it is spoken in some offices. He's going to study English hard. and talk with a lot of people in the future. Good. How are you? You re welcome. How are you? Oh, no. You mustn t help him. OK. I ll ask him. Why did you finish the report? You can t buy a dictionary. No, thank you. How are you? It s cloudy. How are

More information

Anglia ESOL International Examinations. Pre-Intermediate Level (A2+) Paper FF114

Anglia ESOL International Examinations. Pre-Intermediate Level (A2+) Paper FF114 Please stick your candidate label here W R Anglia ESOL International Examinations Pre-Intermediate Level (A2+) CANDIDATE INSTRUCTIONS: W1 [20] Paper FF114 Time allowed TWO hours. Stick your candidate label

More information

- ENGLISH TEST - ELEMENTARY 100 QUESTIONS

- ENGLISH TEST - ELEMENTARY 100 QUESTIONS Exercise 1: Tick (P) the suitable answer. - ENGLISH TEST - 1. My brother... a flat in London. A have B has C haves 2.... you live with your boyfriend? A Do B Does C Is 3. Elizabeth is.... A Philip's wife

More information

Kino, Juana and Coyotito

Kino, Juana and Coyotito 1 Kino, Juana and Coyotito K ino woke up early in the morning. The stars were still shining in the sky. The cockerels were beginning to crow 1 and the pigs were looking for something to eat. Outside the

More information

FILE 1 FILE 2. english file PRE-INTERMEDIATE third edition Entry Checker answer key. a 1 Our 2 My 3 your 4 its 5 your 6 My 7 our 8 His 9 their 10 her

FILE 1 FILE 2. english file PRE-INTERMEDIATE third edition Entry Checker answer key. a 1 Our 2 My 3 your 4 its 5 your 6 My 7 our 8 His 9 their 10 her English File Pre-Intermediate third edition Entry Checker answer key FILE 1 1A a 1 are 2 am 3 are 4 is 5 are 6 is 7 are 8 are 9 is 10 am b 1 I m 2 You re 3 It s 4 They re c 1 We re 2 It s 3 He s 4 You

More information

Kangourou Italia - British Institutes Gara del 2 marzo 2010 Categoria Joey Per studenti della classe quinta della Scuola Primaria

Kangourou Italia - British Institutes Gara del 2 marzo 2010 Categoria Joey Per studenti della classe quinta della Scuola Primaria Testi_Kang_10ENG.qxp 8-01-2010 22:38 Pagina 5 Kangourou Italia - British Institutes Gara del 2 marzo 2010 Categoria Per studenti della classe quinta della Scuola Primaria Choose the correct alternative

More information

English for Spanish Speakers. Second Edition. Caroline Nixon & Michael Tomlinson

English for Spanish Speakers. Second Edition. Caroline Nixon & Michael Tomlinson English for Spanish Speakers Second Edition s 1 Caroline Nixon & Michael Tomlinson 1 Red and yellow and pink and green, Orange and purple and blue. I can sing a rainbow, Sing a rainbow, Sing a rainbow

More information

Nombre: Today is Monday. Yesterday was. Tomorrow will be. Today is Friday. Yesterday was. Tomorrow will be. Today is Wednesday.

Nombre: Today is Monday. Yesterday was. Tomorrow will be. Today is Friday. Yesterday was. Tomorrow will be. Today is Wednesday. Nombre: Days of the week. Read and write. Today is Monday. Yesterday was Tomorrow will be. Today is Friday. Yesterday was Tomorrow will be. Today is Wednesday. Yesterday was Tomorrow will be. Today is

More information

Trip to Kristiansund - Norway

Trip to Kristiansund - Norway Trip to Kristiansund - Norway Sophia, Nico and Vincent from Germany Thursday, 20.09.2012 This is my story of the unforgettable days in Kristiansund, Norway. We went from our hometown Mering with the train

More information

Contents: 2008 www.perfect-english-grammar.com May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.

Contents: 2008 www.perfect-english-grammar.com May be freely copied for personal or classroom use. 2 Contents: Grammar of phrasal verbs 2 Deal with 3 Come across 5 Get on with 7 Look after 9 Pick up 11 Review 1 13 Put on 14 Take off 16 Look into 18 Turn down 20 Look forward to 22 Review 2 23 Answers

More information

FORM 5 ENGLISH TIME: 15 minutes Listening Comprehension. Instructions for the conduct of the Listening Comprehension Examination

FORM 5 ENGLISH TIME: 15 minutes Listening Comprehension. Instructions for the conduct of the Listening Comprehension Examination DIRECTORATE FOR QUALITY AND STANDARDS IN EDUCATION Department for Curriculum Management and elearning Educational Assessment Unit Annual Examinations for Secondary Schools 2011 Track 1 FORM 5 ENGLISH TIME:

More information

[elo'quia. S 1 / 6. Please mark the correct answer with a X. Example: I must my homework this evening. X. Duration: 45 minutes.

[elo'quia. S 1 / 6. Please mark the correct answer with a X. Example: I must my homework this evening. X. Duration: 45 minutes. [elo'quia. English test ] Duration: 45 minutes Family name First name Date Please mark the correct answer with a X. Example: I must my homework this evening. X do to make to do make 1] What do you do?

More information

Young Learners English

Young Learners English University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations Young Learners English Movers Information for Candidates Information for candidates YLE Movers Dear Parent Thank you for encouraging your child to learn English

More information

Nombre: Today is Monday. Yesterday was. Tomorrow will be. Today is Friday. Yesterday was. Tomorrow will be. Today is Wednesday.

Nombre: Today is Monday. Yesterday was. Tomorrow will be. Today is Friday. Yesterday was. Tomorrow will be. Today is Wednesday. Nombre: Days of the week. Read and complete. Today is Monday. Yesterday was Tomorrow will be. Today is Friday. Yesterday was Tomorrow will be. Today is Wednesday. Yesterday was Tomorrow will be. Today

More information

California Treasures High-Frequency Words Scope and Sequence K-3

California Treasures High-Frequency Words Scope and Sequence K-3 California Treasures High-Frequency Words Scope and Sequence K-3 Words were selected using the following established frequency lists: (1) Dolch 220 (2) Fry 100 (3) American Heritage Top 150 Words in English

More information

FAMILY. MUM, DAD Mum, mum, dad, dad, sister, sister, brother, brother, Shhh, shhh, baby, baby.

FAMILY. MUM, DAD Mum, mum, dad, dad, sister, sister, brother, brother, Shhh, shhh, baby, baby. FAMILY MUM, DAD Mum, mum, dad, dad, sister, sister, brother, brother, Shhh, shhh, baby, baby. FATHER, MOTHER Father, mother, father, mother, what about me? Sisters, brothers, sisters, brothers, I can t

More information

Nombre: I am not playing. You are not (you aren t) eating. He is not (He isn t) reading. She is not (She isn t) sleeping.

Nombre: I am not playing. You are not (you aren t) eating. He is not (He isn t) reading. She is not (She isn t) sleeping. PRESENT CONTINUOUS Affirmative Negative Interrogative I am (I m) playing. You are (you re) eating He is (He s) reading. She is (She s) sleeping. It is (It s) running. We are (we re) speaking. You are (you

More information

Classroom Language Companion

Classroom Language Companion Classroom Language Companion Real life language for every day macmillan advantage A new pupil at school A - Hello, I m Nick, what s your name? B - My name s Silvia. A - How old are you Silvia? B - I m

More information

TEST DIAGNOSTYCZNY Z JĘZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO

TEST DIAGNOSTYCZNY Z JĘZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO 1. They are the United States. a) to b) for c) from d) with 3. is your favourite colour? a) How b) This c) Who d) What 5. This is my car. a) mother b) mothers c) mother is d) mother's 7. Are these shoes

More information

PUSD High Frequency Word List

PUSD High Frequency Word List PUSD High Frequency Word List For Reading and Spelling Grades K-5 High Frequency or instant words are important because: 1. You can t read a sentence or a paragraph without knowing at least the most common.

More information

POZIOM 2 TEKSTY PIOSENEK I RYMOWANEK

POZIOM 2 TEKSTY PIOSENEK I RYMOWANEK POZIOM 2 TEKSTY PIOSENEK I RYMOWANEK Welcome Piosenka Hello Hello. I m Lindy. Hello. I m Lindy. What s your name? Hello. I m Joe. Hello. I m Joe. It s time to play! Hello. I m Emily. Hello. I m Emily.

More information

Simple Present Tense. Simple Present Tense in the Negative. Grammar Practice Worksheets

Simple Present Tense. Simple Present Tense in the Negative. Grammar Practice Worksheets Simple Present Tense Choose the correct verb from the list below to complete the following sentences. Use the correct form of the simple present tense. fix stand speak drink eat do wear have wash make

More information

First Grade Spelling Words

First Grade Spelling Words First Grade Spelling Words The Hat 1. at 2. hat 3. cat 4. can 5. cap 6. tap 7. map 8. mad 9. a 10. the I tap the can. Sam and the Bag 1. am 2. ham 3. had 4. bad 5. bag 6. rag 7. cap 8. mad 9. up 10. go

More information

Tom had 5 toy cars. His dad gave him 3 more toy cars. How many toy cars did Tom have in all?

Tom had 5 toy cars. His dad gave him 3 more toy cars. How many toy cars did Tom have in all? How many and in all? How many more than? How many are left? Tom had 5 toy cars. His dad gave him 3 more toy cars. How many toy cars did Tom have in all? 7 birds were in a tree. 2 more birds flew to the

More information

A Chair for My Mother written and illustrated by Vera B. Williams

A Chair for My Mother written and illustrated by Vera B. Williams A Chair for My Mother written and illustrated by Vera B. Williams My mother works as a waitress in the Blue Tile Diner. After school sometimes I go to meet her there. Then her boss Josephine gives me a

More information

Verb To Be Past Tense Affirmative and Negative

Verb To Be Past Tense Affirmative and Negative Verb To Be Past Tense Affirmative and Negative A. Put the correct form of the verb to be (was/were) in the past tense in the following sentences. 1. Judy sick yesterday. 2. We in the same class last year.

More information

3a Order the words to make questions. b Check your answers. c Practise saying the questions.

3a Order the words to make questions. b Check your answers. c Practise saying the questions. 3 Home sweet home Language focus there is / there are Jane is looking for a new flat. Look at her list of things in the area and complete the sentences with there s, there isn t, there are or there aren

More information

Placement Test A. Underline the correct answer, a), b), c) or d). 14 He hasn't got brothers and sisters. a) some b) a c) the d) any

Placement Test A. Underline the correct answer, a), b), c) or d). 14 He hasn't got brothers and sisters. a) some b) a c) the d) any Underline the correct answer, a), b), c) or d). 1 I a student of English. a) are b) is c) am d) aren t 2 This is Carlos. He's. a) Japan b) Spain c) Italian d) France 3 She's from Tokyo. She Japanese. a)

More information

Most Common Words Transfer Card: List 1

Most Common Words Transfer Card: List 1 Most Common Words Transfer Card: List 1 the to a and in you that of it not for I is an Meg is in the bed. That is not for you. It is in a bag. I am not mad. Most Common Words Transfer Card: List 2 on with

More information

Phonics. High Frequency Words P.008. Objective The student will read high frequency words.

Phonics. High Frequency Words P.008. Objective The student will read high frequency words. P.008 Jumping Words Objective The student will read high frequency words. Materials High frequency words (P.HFW.005 - P.HFW.064) Choose target words. Checkerboard and checkers (Activity Master P.008.AM1a

More information

Box 1 - Article Noun - Blue

Box 1 - Article Noun - Blue the floor a basket the people a broom the igloo the rocks a dog an eagle a bats the leaves a dolphin a triangle the tusks the shoes the book the sky an elephant the ocean a tiger a donkey the shark a cage

More information

A) Complete the sentences with SIMPLE PRESENT or PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

A) Complete the sentences with SIMPLE PRESENT or PRESENT CONTINUOUS. ŠESTI RAZRED A) Complete the sentences with SIMPLE PRESENT or PRESENT CONTINUOUS. 1. Susan usually. (go) to school by bus, but now she.. (go) to school by train. 2. Mary often.. (read) in bed, but today

More information

Grammar Worksheets Elementary School

Grammar Worksheets Elementary School Grammar Worksheets Elementary School 1. To be: affirmative, negative, questions A. Complete the sentences with to be 1. I a girl. 2. My father at work. 3. Alex and Dino my cats. 4. Alex in the garden.

More information

That spring, the sun shone every day. I was lonely at first in

That spring, the sun shone every day. I was lonely at first in 1 Tom and Daisy That spring, the sun shone every day. I was lonely at first in the East. But I felt that this was the real beginning of my life. I walked in the fresh air. I bought books. I worked hard.

More information

Entry Exam 2016 in English

Entry Exam 2016 in English Entry Exam 2016 in English Family Name: First Name: Present School: Duration: 50 minutes Your are not allowed to use pencil. Use a pen! You may leave early. (When finished, turn your test upside down and

More information

LTTC English Grammar Proficiency Test Grade 2

LTTC English Grammar Proficiency Test Grade 2 LTTC English Grammar Proficiency Test Grade 2 A. Short Comprehension The candidate is expected to demonstrate the ability to understand the passage (around 50 words) and answer the questions. B. Usage

More information

Part 1 LISTENING. Task 1

Part 1 LISTENING. Task 1 Part 1 LISTENING Task 1 Listen to Joel telling his elder sister about his friends. Where would they like to work one day? For questions 1-5, write a letter -H next to each person. You will hear the conversation

More information

Little Present Open Education Project OKFN, India Little Present 1

Little Present Open Education Project OKFN, India Little Present 1 1 Open Knowledge Foundation Network, India : Open Education Project Help spreading the light of education. Use and share our books. It is FREE. Educate a child. Educate the economically challenged. Share

More information

At eight o clock I wash myself then I sit on my armchair and I watch Takeshi

At eight o clock I wash myself then I sit on my armchair and I watch Takeshi My living day Hello, my name's Nouhaila. I get up at seven o' clock and I wash my hands and my face at quarter past seven. I have breakfast at half past seven, then I get dressed at twenty-five to eight.

More information

A. Short Comprehension The candidate is expected to demonstrate the ability to understand the passage (around 70 words) and answer the questions.

A. Short Comprehension The candidate is expected to demonstrate the ability to understand the passage (around 70 words) and answer the questions. LTTC - English Grammar Proficiency Test Grade 3 A. Short Comprehension The candidate is expected to demonstrate the ability to understand the passage (around 70 words) and answer the questions. B. Usage

More information

A. Dentist s office B. Eye Doctor s office C. Doctor s office

A. Dentist s office B. Eye Doctor s office C. Doctor s office Alex hurt his leg. He and his mom went into an office. There were chairs around the walls. There were things to read on the table. Where were Alex and his Mom? A. Dentist s office B. Eye Doctor s office

More information

CONCURSO ESPECIAL DE ACESSO E INGRESSO DO ESTUDANTE INTERNACIONAL NOS CURSOS DO 1º CICLO DE ESTUDOS E MESTRADO INTEGRADO

CONCURSO ESPECIAL DE ACESSO E INGRESSO DO ESTUDANTE INTERNACIONAL NOS CURSOS DO 1º CICLO DE ESTUDOS E MESTRADO INTEGRADO CONCURSO ESPECIAL DE ACESSO E INGRESSO DO ESTUDANTE INTERNACIONAL NOS CURSOS DO 1º CICLO DE ESTUDOS E MESTRADO INTEGRADO PROVA ESPECÍFICA MODELO DE INGLÊS (NÍVEL A.2.2) WRITTEN TEST Questions 1 5 PART

More information

Placement Test. It is designed to enable us to place you in a class at the right level for you.

Placement Test. It is designed to enable us to place you in a class at the right level for you. Placement Test Date / / Name Nationality This placement test contains 50 multiple-choice questions for you to answer, and 3 writing questions. Please write a few sentences for each writing question. It

More information

EXTRA ACTIVITy pages

EXTRA ACTIVITy pages EXTRA FUN ACTIVITIES This booklet contains extra activity pages for the student as well as the tests. See the next page for information about the activity pages. Go to page 7 to find the Alpha tests. EXTRA

More information

- ENGLISH TEST - PRE-INTERMEDIATE 100 QUESTIONS

- ENGLISH TEST - PRE-INTERMEDIATE 100 QUESTIONS Exercise 1: Tick (P) the suitable answer. 1. What's... job? A your B yours C you 2. The traffic is... than it was many years ago. A badder B more bad C worse 3. I've... washed the floor. It's wet. A already

More information

Songs and Chants. Starter

Songs and Chants. Starter Songs and Chants Starter Contents Welcome... 3 Hello song... 3 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 chant... 3 Quest song... 3 1 My birthday... 4 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 chant... 4 Quest song... 4 Happy Birthday... 4 2

More information

Placement test Written test

Placement test Written test Placement test Written test CEF A1 to C1 Choose the best answer for each question Stop when the questions become too difficult Spend no more than 40 minutes on the test 1 Where from? I m from Russia A

More information

Lucy enjoyed playing football, especially when James asked her to take part. When she was standing next to her brother, Anita looked very tall.

Lucy enjoyed playing football, especially when James asked her to take part. When she was standing next to her brother, Anita looked very tall. www.compare4kids.co.uk Question Sheet Past Paper 2013 Level 3-5 Question 34 1 Underline the subordinate clause in each sentence below. Lucy enjoyed playing football, especially when James asked her to

More information

Jahrgangsstufentest ENGLISCH. an bayerischen Realschulen. Termin: Mittwoch, 2. Oktober 2013. Bearbeitungszeit: 45 Minuten.

Jahrgangsstufentest ENGLISCH. an bayerischen Realschulen. Termin: Mittwoch, 2. Oktober 2013. Bearbeitungszeit: 45 Minuten. Jahrgangsstufentest ENGLISH an bayerischen Realschulen Termin: Mittwoch, 2. Oktober 2013 Bearbeitungszeit: 45 Minuten Name: Klasse: 7 Punkte: / 60 Note: PART I: Listening TASK 1 You will hear five short

More information

Fasit til øvingshefte

Fasit til øvingshefte Fasit til øvingshefte Engelsk Mellomtrinn Leseferdighet Copyright Fagbokforlaget Vigmostad & Bjørke AS Kartleggeren øvingshefte Fasit Engelsk Mellomtrinn 1 Leseferdighet Fasit Seksjon 1 Oppgave 1.1 Find

More information

Chapter 3 Growing with Verbs 77

Chapter 3 Growing with Verbs 77 Chapter 3 Growing with Verbs 77 3.2 Direct Objects A direct object is the noun or pronoun that receives the direct action of a verb. The verb used with a direct object is always an action verb and is called

More information

Curriculum Text. Texto del curso Texte du cours Kursinhalt Testo del corso. Inglés english UK Level 1. Inglese Britannico.

Curriculum Text. Texto del curso Texte du cours Kursinhalt Testo del corso. Inglés english UK Level 1. Inglese Britannico. English Curriculum Text Level 1 English UK Inglés english UK Level 1 UK Anglais Britannique Englisch UK Inglese Britannico Curriculum Text Texto del curso Texte du cours Kursinhalt Testo del corso RosettaStone.com

More information

Jahrgangsstufentest. an bayerischen Realschulen

Jahrgangsstufentest. an bayerischen Realschulen Jahrgangsstufentest ENGLISCH an bayerischen Realschulen Termin: Mittwoch, 29. September 2010 earbeitungszeit: 45 Minuten Name: Klasse: 7 Punkte: / 60 Note: TSK 1 PRT I: Listening You will hear four short

More information

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE NAME: CLASS: TOTAL: 1) Match together the English word with the Slovak meaning. Use different colours. (5 pts) 1. at the moment a. tento týždeň 2. now b. práve dnes 3. in this picture c. teraz 4. today

More information

Songwords for First Numbers (FIRCD007)

Songwords for First Numbers (FIRCD007) Songwords for First Numbers (FIRCD007) 2 TRACK LISTING PAGE TITLE 3 Hop on the Numbers Train 4 Thee Little Monkeys 5 One Potato Two Potato 6 Five Little Speckled Frogs 7 Rocket Rocket 8 Five Fat Peas 9

More information

Verb Tenses. We use different verb tenses to indicate the various points in time.

Verb Tenses. We use different verb tenses to indicate the various points in time. Verb Tenses Verbs express the action of a person or an object in a sentence, e.g., John runs, or they tell us the condition of someone or something, e.g., Mandy seems ill. Each sentence expresses an idea

More information

Get ready to test your knowledge Nutrition Jeopardy!

Get ready to test your knowledge Nutrition Jeopardy! Week 3 Nutrition Get ready to test your knowledge Nutrition Jeopardy! You are going to be playing Jeopardy with your classmates. Your teacher is going to put you into groups of 4 or 5. Write your team

More information

Learning English with Bobby 1 Agricola-kustannus

Learning English with Bobby 1 Agricola-kustannus An Apple Story A red apple is for the mouse. A green apple is for the bird. l like green apples. Thank you Hedgehog! A yellow and green apple is for the cat. l like yellow and green apples. Thank you Hedgehog!

More information

2014-2015 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL (New Language Leader Elementary Unit 2) B / C LEVEL TEACHERS COPY

2014-2015 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL (New Language Leader Elementary Unit 2) B / C LEVEL TEACHERS COPY GRAMMAR A. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. My mother LIVES in Paris because she LIKES cities. (live, like) 2. Rudy DOESN T E-MAIL me but he PHONES me every week.

More information

ENGELSKA NIVÅTEST (1) Medel Sid 1(7)

ENGELSKA NIVÅTEST (1) Medel Sid 1(7) Medel Sid 1(7) Namn: Poäng: Nivå : Adress: Tel: Complete each sentence with one item from those given below. Use each item once only. Note: Each question has One mark. You must have all words in the correct

More information

Female Child s date of birth: Last name: State/ Province: Home telephone number:

Female Child s date of birth: Last name: State/ Province: Home telephone number: 60 Ages & Stages Questionnaires 57 months 0 days through 66 months 0 days Month Questionnaire Please provide the following information. Use black or blue ink only and print legibly when completing this

More information

Sunflowers. Name. Level and grade. PrimaryTools.co.uk

Sunflowers. Name. Level and grade. PrimaryTools.co.uk Sunflowers Name Score Level and grade 2012 Contents Billy s Sunflower... 3 A story by Nicola Moon So Many Sunflowers!... 14 Vincent Van Gogh... 15 Information about the artist Making a Paper Sunflower...

More information

Ohio s Assessment System

Ohio s Assessment System hio Department of Education Student Name: Ohio s Assessment System Grade 2 Reading Student Booklet Form A Diagnostic Measure 3rd Edition Office of Curriculum and Assessment Copyright 2012 by the Ohio Department

More information

1. Listen to your teacher read the vocabulary words.

1. Listen to your teacher read the vocabulary words. Lesson 6 Literature Link 1. Listen to your teacher read the vocabulary words. Vocabulary Tilda Tennessee troublemaker chicken visitors special invited outwit enough bridle saddle reins different comfortable

More information

A yellow one. I m sorry, we haven t got any. We have other colours. There are some pink and purple ones.

A yellow one. I m sorry, we haven t got any. We have other colours. There are some pink and purple ones. Reading Comprehension TEST 1 1 Choose the right question from the bubble 5 points as in the example (0) below. A B (0) b Yes, I d like a T-shirt. h What colours have you got? g Can I try it on? a What

More information

Handouts for Conversation Partners: Grammar

Handouts for Conversation Partners: Grammar Handouts for Conversation Partners: Grammar Contents A Cheat Sheet on the Tenses in English... 2 Conditionals... 3 Past Participles... 5 Present Perfect Tense... 6 Present Perfect Continuous... 6 Past

More information

Cambridge Key English Test 1. Examination papers from University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations: English for Speakers of Other Languages

Cambridge Key English Test 1. Examination papers from University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations: English for Speakers of Other Languages Cambridge Key English Test 1 Examination papers from University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations: English for Speakers of Other Languages PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The

More information

Movers A Z Word List. Grammatical key. A above prep address n afraid adj after prep age n

Movers A Z Word List. Grammatical key. A above prep address n afraid adj after prep age n Movers A Z Word List Grammatical key adj adjective adv adverb conj conjunction det determiner dis discourse marker excl exclamation int interrogative n noun poss possessive prep preposition pron pronoun

More information

More Multi Step Problems. Miscellaneous Themes

More Multi Step Problems. Miscellaneous Themes More Multi Step Problems Miscellaneous Themes Jelly beans cost $2.00 for 4 packages. There were 25 students. How much money will be needed so that each student can get an equal amount of jellybeans? How

More information

IN A SMALL PART OF THE CITY WEST OF

IN A SMALL PART OF THE CITY WEST OF p T h e L a s t L e a f IN A SMALL PART OF THE CITY WEST OF Washington Square, the streets have gone wild. They turn in different directions. They are broken into small pieces called places. One street

More information

Student s full name... PART A - GRAMMAR I. Put the verbs in the sentences below into either Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past

Student s full name... PART A - GRAMMAR I. Put the verbs in the sentences below into either Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Egzamin z języka angielskiego Poziom: PRE-INTERMEDIATE Student s full name...... Group... GRAMMAR VOCABULARY TOTAL MAXIMUM SCORE 50 50 SCORE OBTAINED GRADE PART A - GRAMMAR I. Put the verbs in the sentences

More information

ENGLISH COMPETITION. LEVEL 5 6 (Ε - Στ Δημοτικού) 15 February 2014 10am-11am

ENGLISH COMPETITION. LEVEL 5 6 (Ε - Στ Δημοτικού) 15 February 2014 10am-11am ENGLISH COMPETITION LEVEL 5 6 (Ε - Στ Δημοτικού) 15 February 2014 10am-11am Questions 1 10 : 3 points Questions 11 20 : 4 points Questions 21 40 : 5 points 3 points KANGOUROU ENGLISH COMPETITION 1. My

More information

2 Complete the crossword. B O 6 R A 7. 4 You do ballet here. 1 You study chemistry 5 You borrow books and biology here. from here.

2 Complete the crossword. B O 6 R A 7. 4 You do ballet here. 1 You study chemistry 5 You borrow books and biology here. from here. Module 1 Schools Ge Ready Vocabulary: School Facilities 1 Find the missing words and complete the sentences. 1 2 3 roomlaboratorystudioroompitchcourtspool I love painting and drawing, so I m always in

More information

My favourite animal is the cheetah. It lives in Africa in the savannah, It eats and gazel es. It is big and yel ow with black spots.

My favourite animal is the cheetah. It lives in Africa in the savannah, It eats and gazel es. It is big and yel ow with black spots. The crocodile is big and green. It has got a long tail, a long body and a big mouth with big teeth. It has got four short legs. The crocodile eats fish and other animals. He lives in Africa and America,

More information

Nombre: SIMPLE PRESENT AFFIRMATIVE. Subjet + verb (3 sing +s, or es) NEGATIVE. Subjet + do/does + not+ verb INTERROGATIVE. Do /Does + Subjet + verb?

Nombre: SIMPLE PRESENT AFFIRMATIVE. Subjet + verb (3 sing +s, or es) NEGATIVE. Subjet + do/does + not+ verb INTERROGATIVE. Do /Does + Subjet + verb? SIMPLE PRESENT Affirmative Negative Interrogative I play. You eat. He reads. She sleeps. It runs. We speak. You work. They study. I don t play. You don t eat. He doesn t read. She doesn t sleep. It doesn

More information

Jahresabschlusstest 1

Jahresabschlusstest 1 Jahresabschlusstest 1 Let s simply continue Please fill in the gaps with either the simple present or the present continuous forms of the verb in brackets. 1. Samantha usually (drink) a cup of coffee in

More information

The Start of my Arctic Adventure

The Start of my Arctic Adventure The Start of my Arctic Adventure I have been asked if I would like to go to the Arctic. I am very excited. All I know about the Arctic is that it has lots of ice and is very cold. Here are some of the

More information

Last name: State/ Province: Home telephone number:

Last name: State/ Province: Home telephone number: 60 Ages & Stages Questionnaires 57 months 0 days through 66 months 0 days Month Questionnaire Please provide the following information. Use black or blue ink only and print legibly when completing this

More information

Interview Questions for Secondary Schools Interviews

Interview Questions for Secondary Schools Interviews Interview Questions for Secondary Schools Interviews PART I 1. What is your name? My name is Lu Kin Tsang. My English name is Donald. 2. How old are you? I am twelve years old. 3. Where were you born?

More information

One Day. Helen Naylor. ... Level 2. Series editor: Philip Prowse. Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-71422-8 - One Day.

One Day. Helen Naylor. ... Level 2. Series editor: Philip Prowse. Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-71422-8 - One Day. Cambridge English Readers... Level 2 Series editor: Philip Prowse One Day cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi Cambridge University

More information

How to form the Present Perfect

How to form the Present Perfect The present perfect verb tense is a little difficult in English it is used in several different ways, and there are lots of rules to remember. This lesson will teach you everything you ever wanted to know

More information

THE WASHING MACHINE. Written by. Lorena Padilla

THE WASHING MACHINE. Written by. Lorena Padilla THE WASHING MACHINE Written by Lorena Padilla lorepadilla78@gmail.com INT. DINING ROOM - DAY A very messy dining room. There are empty beer bottles and ashtrays with cigarettes on the table. (12) cleans

More information