AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS MISTAKES IN CONSTRUCTING DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH

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1 AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS MISTAKES IN CONSTRUCTING DIRECT TO INDIRECT SPEECH By Izmi Nur Andriani, Deddy Sofyan 2, Yanti Suryanti 3 ABSTRACT The aim of the research is to analyze on students mistakes constructg direct to. The research is conducted to the first grade students of Bogor SMAN 7 Bogor. Descriptive method is used to analyze students mistakes constructg direct to. The documentation, questionnaires, and terviews are used to collect the data. Students work is used to know the students mistakes constructg direct to. As many as 30 students of SMAN 7 Bogor are participated for the questionnaire. Then, based on the result of questionnaires, five respondents are chosen to be terviewed. To check the validity of the data from the respondents, English teacher is terviewed. Based on the research result, she found that students make mistakes constructg direct to. The difficulties are: they are confused how to differentiate WH Question and yes no question, they are confused to decide subject, verb, and verb constructg direct to. The difficulties are caused by some factors: they lack of reguler and irregular verb, they are not terest to learn English, and they lack of time to practice. Key words:mistakes,direct,, verb, question Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian i adalah untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa dalam menyusun kalimat langsung ke kalimat tidak langsung. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap siswa SMAN 7 Bogor. Metode deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisa kesalahan siswa dalam menyusun kalimat langsung ke kalimat tidak langsung. Dokumentasi, kuesioner, dan wawancara digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Tugas siswa digunakan untuk mengetahui kesalahan dalam menyusun kalimat langsung ke kalimat tidak langsung. Sebanyak 30 siswa dari SMAN 7 Bogor yang berpartisipasi untuk kuesioner. Kemudian, berdasarkan hasil kuesioner, lima responden yang dipilih untuk diwawancarai. Untuk memeriksa keabsahan data dari responden, guru Bahasa Inggris diwawancarai. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis menemukan bahwa siswa 56,60 membuat kesalahan dalam menyusun kalimat langsung ke kalimat tidak langsung. Kesulitan adalah mereka masih bgung bagaimana membedakan WH Question and yes no question, mereka bgung untuk menentukan subject, verb, dan pronoun dalam menyusun kalimat langsung ke kalimat tidak langsung.kesulitan tersebut disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor: : mereka lemah dalam kata kerja beraturan dan tidak beraturan, mereka tidak tertarik untuk belajar bahasa ggris, mereka tidak mempunyai waktu yang banyak untuk berlatih soal.. Kata kunci: kesalahan, kalimat langsung, kalimat tidak langsung, kata kerja, kalimat tanya tidak langsung. A Student of English Education Study Program 2 A Lecturer of English Education Study Program 3 A Lecturer of English Education Study Program English Education Study Program November 202

2 . Background English is used many countries. As a foreign language Indonesia, it needs to be taught every grade of school, from kdergarten until university level. In formal situation students should speak or write it with correct structure, as noted by (Harmer 2003:) Grammar is partly the study of what forms (or structures) are possible a language. Thus a grammar is a description of the rules that govern how a language s sentences are formed. For that reason, learng structure is important to support the students productive skill. Direct and is part of structure that have an important role conveyg the message from one person to other person. Indirect is change of tenses. Tense can be defed as grammatical category referrg to the location of a situation time. Students of Senior High School Indonesia have been learned direct and but they still do not understand it yet. In fact, the difficulties learng English for the Indonesian students among others are the difference operatg structure. As an stance, we can see how the students change subject from direct to terrogative form. Accordg to the writer s experience teacher trag program, she found some student s mistakes constructg direct and. Sometimes they confused to change of tense and change of subject. Because of these, almost all students who learn English tenses compla that English is very difficult subject. The writer chooses An Analysis Study on Students Mistakes Constructg Direct and Indirect Speech because she taught Senior High School teacher trag program. When she taught there, she found that many students confused usg direct and, as they do not understand how to apply them. The question is: What are the students mistakes constructg direct and? 2 English Education Study Program November 202 Direct and are two ways to report what a person has said. Accordg to Thomson and Martet (986:269) In direct we repeat the origal speaker s exact words. It means that the direct we repeat all the speaker s whole words said. In we give exact meang of remark or, without necessarily usg speaker s the exact words. It means that we conclude what the speaker s said. Azar (993:275) states: Reported refers to usg a noun clause to report what someone has said. No quotation marks are used. Notice the changes the verb forms from quoted to reported. It means that reported, the verb is change based on tenses. In reported, we pay attention to the verb forms that are used. Direct is found text book, conversation, plays and quotations. Different from direct, there is no commas after the reportg verb, the quotation marks are omitted. The verbs, personal pronouns, possessive adjectives and adverbs are usually changed. 2. Research Methodology The population of the research is the first grade students of SMAN 7 Bogor. It is chosen because it has learnt. In this case, purposive samplg technique is used by takg class X-4 as a sample. The process of obtag the data was begun on 26 September to 06 October 202. In conductg the research, she used three kds of struments. First, she asked the teacher to give the result of students work constructg direct to. Then, she distributed questionnaires to respondents and asked them to fill it to ga the data of their difficulties writg movie

3 review. Fally, she terviewed five students who get the difficulties writg movie review randomly. After collectg the data, the researcher analyzed them usg descriptive method. The classification of data is as follows: 3.. Data Analysis of Documentation The data analysis of documentation is the data of students work. It is used to analyze their ability to construct direct to. So, the writer could fd the students mistakes constructg direct to Data Analysis of Questionnaire The data analysis of questionnaire is used to fd out the students mistakes constructg direct to and the causes of students mistakes constructg direct to. In analyzg the questionnaire, result reliability of questionnaire is counted as follows: Countg every answer of the questionnaire to determe the frequency. P = Percentage f = frequency of students answer x = the number of respondents Describg the data from the questionnaire 3.3. Data Analysis the Interview In analyzg the terview, the result of terview is transcribed and summarized. 4. Data Description The first data is obtaed from the students work. The followgs are the scores: Table 4. The Students Work Score Respondent Score The second data is obtaed from questionnaires. The type of questionnaires was closed questionnaire. Twenty questions were designed for the questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to as many as thirty participants. Table 4.2 Result of Questionnaire N o Indicators Statement s Students I comprehe understan nsion d material Indirect Indirect Speech 2 I can differentia te the functions of direct and Frequency Yes No , , English Education Study Program November 202

4 3 I know the type of 4 I am able to use sentence correctly 5 I can construct a sentence by usg 6 Students I do not mistakes understan d material constructi ng 7 It is difficultie s for me to do the tasks 8 I cannot differentia te WH question and yes no question 9 It is difficult for me to decide what subject that use direct to 0 33,3 7 23,3 0 33,3 7 56,6 4 46, , , ,6 3 43, It is 22 0 difficult 73 for me to decide what verb that use direct to It is 0 difficult 33,3 for me to decide what pronoun that use direct to Factors The , ,6 2 that students are made constructi ng Problem solvg the students mistakes constructi ng teacher does not use teachg aid. So, I feel bored learng There are many rules construct The facilitatio n school does not support learng process My parents do not provide good facilities to support learng process I never spare my time to learn the material I always practice english grammar I always ask my friends if I do not comprehe nd the material I always ask my teacher if I do not comprehe nd the material I jo an English course to crease my ability 53 46, ,3 5 6, , , , , ,6 4 3, ,3 4 English Education Study Program November 202

5 A guided terview is used to fd the students mistakes constructg direct to. The terview was recorded and was transcribed. Five questions were designed for the students. In conductg the terviews, five respondents were chosen randomly. The writer terviewed them one by one. The result of the terview showed that the respondents gave quit similar answers. The results of the terviews are as follow. Question : Do you understand material question Five respondents (00 ) said they were still confused question. As it is stated by R# : Baru mengerti sedikit karena masih bgung dan ragu dalam mengahadapi perubahan tenses dan tobe I understand a little bit because still confuse and facg changg of tenses and tobe. Question 2 : What problems that you face constructg question As many as four respondents (80) said decide tenses is very difficult, as said by R# : sulit mengubah tenses dan mengubah tobe. It is difficult to change tenses and tobe. One respondent (20 ) said decide subject and verb is very difficult, R#5 said : menentukan subjek dan verb. decide subject and verb. It means that almost all of respondents said that tenses is ma problems that they face constructg direct to. Question 3 : What the causes of students mistakes constructg question As many as four respondents (00 ) said changg tenses and tobe is ma factors. As it is said R#: Faktor perubahan tobe dan faktor perubahan tenses. Factor of changg of tobe and tenses. One respondent (20 ) said understandg sentence and the tenses is ma factor. As it is said R#5: pemahaman kalimat dan tensesnya. understandg sentence and the tenses. It means that changg of tenses and tobe is ma factors that students make mistakes constructg. Question 4 : How to solve the problem constructg question Five respondents (00) said do the exercise question. As it is stated R#5: banyak berlatih. more exercise. It means that ask to the teacher is one of solve the problem to decrease mistakes. Based on the terview above, it can be summed up that almost all of respondents found difficulties constructg direct to. They difficulties were they lack of knowledge application of tenses. The causes of it were they lack of tenses. So, they should practice, review their tenses and askg friends or lecture for help. 5. Analysis Based on the data, thirteen respondents (43,3 ) understand, eight respondents (26,6 5) able to decide verb constructg direct to. It is supported by the result of students work where six students or 20 got score above 60. It means that students understand. From the data above, it can be shown that seventeen respondents (56,6 ) said do not understand, twenty two respondents said difficult to decide verb constructg direct to. It is supported by the result of students works where twenty four students or 80 got score under 60. Based on the result of terview, almost students confuse to change verb as R# said, sulit mengubah tenses dan tobe. It means that students did not master tenses. 5 English Education Study Program November 202

6 6. Conclusion Based on the result of the documentation, questionnaire, and terview, it can be concluded that most of the students still had difficulties constructg direct to. It can be seen from the data of students works constructg direct to. The difficulties are that they are confused how to differentiate WH Question and yes no question, they are confused to decide subject, verb, and verb constructg direct to. The difficulties are caused by some factors: they lack of reguler and irregular verb, they are not terest to learn English, and they lack of time to practice. Bibliography Arikunto, Suharsimi Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: PT. Reka Cipta. Azzar, Schrampher Betty Understandg and Usg English Grammar. New York: Prentice Hall Regents. Azzar, Schrampher Betty Fundamental of English Grammar. New York: Pearson Education. Cramer, Ronald Language: skills and use. Glenview: Scott, Foresman and Company. Hakim, Lukman A Concise English Grammar. Jakarta:Tradisi. Hewgs, Mart Advanced Grammar Use. Great Brita. Maurer, Jay Focus on Grammar An Advanced course for reference and Practice. New York: Pearson Education. Thomson. 986.Practical English Grammar. London: Longman Pearson Education. AUTOBIOGRAPHY Izmi Nur Andriani. She was born on February, 20 th 989 Jakarta, DKI Jakarta.She is the first daughter from H.M.Sukri SH and Hj.Mutmaah. She started his study when she was six years old Ciriung 02 Elementary School (SDN Ciriung 02) her village. She was graduated 200 and she contued his study Cibong Junior High School (SMPN Cibong). In 2004 she contued his study Bogor st Senior High School (SMAN 8 Bogor). She fished his study 2008 and she contued aga for his first degree (S) Bogor. He took English Education Study Program on Faculty of teacher trag and educational sciences. In202 she was graduated for his first degree from. She has written the paper by the title An analysis on students mistakes constructg direct to. She has done the research SMAN 7 Bogor to the first grade students. Haliday, M.A.K An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Great Brtita. Harmer The Practice of English Language Teachg. London: Longman Pearson Education. Herawati, Atti A Handbook of Research on ELT. Bogor. Pakuan University. Unpublished. 6 English Education Study Program November 202