Strategies towards a precise measurements of the top-quark mass
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1 La Thuile, February 2013 Strategies towards a precise measurements of the top-quark mass Peter Uwer GK1504
2 Outline 1. Motivation and introduction 2. Alternative methods 3. Summary Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 2
3 Why do we care about the top-quark mass? [Degrassi, Di Vita, Elias-Miro,Spinosa,Giudici 12, Alekhin, Djouadi, Moch 12] Vacuum stability [Heinemeyer, Hollik, Stockinger, Weiglein, Zeune '12] Consistency of the SM The top-quark mass is a fundamental parameter of the Standard Model, we should know it as precisely as possible. Precise measurement important for comparison with measurements at a future Linear Collider Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 3
4 How do we measure a quark mass? We don t see free quarks, there is no pole in the S-matrix à top-quark mass is not an observable, mass is just a parameter of the underlying theory at least in theory Precise value depends on the definition / renormalisation scheme (i.e. pole mass, MS mass) Determine / fit parameter from comparison of theoretical predictions and measurements Pole mass vs running mass To fix the renormalisation scheme at least a NLO calculation is required Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 4
5 Which scheme should one use? Perturbative expansion may converge better using specific scheme (resummation of large logs, ) Scheme might be ill defined beyond perturbation theory Example: Renormalon ambiguity in pole mass [Bigi, Shifman, Uraltsev, Vainshtein 94 Beneke, Braun,94 Smith, Willenbrock 97] There is no pole in full QCD! Pole mass has intrinsic uncertainty of order Λ QCD Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 5
6 Requirements for a precise quark mass determination Checklist: q Observable should show good sensitivity to m q Observable must be theoretically calculable q Theory uncertainty must be small small non-perturbative corrections q Observable must be experimentally accessible q Well defined mass scheme Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 6
7 Top-quark mass: Experimental methods Issues: Template method (invariant mass of top decay products) Matrix element method Higher-order corrections? Intrinsic limitations of pole mass (~Λ QCD ) Precise relation Reconstruction of top momentum from color neutral hadrons / color reconnection Not necessarily independent Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 7
8 Color reconnection [Mangano, Top workshop, July 2012, CERN] Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 8
9 Impact on current measurements Color reconnection:? [Skands,Wicke 08] Relation: measured mass ß à pole mass:?? [Pich, Benasque Conf. 12] Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 9
10 Impact on current measurements Different channels and different experiments give consistent results Large effects unlikely Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 10
11 Alternative Methods 1. Top-quark mass determination from cross section 2. Invariant mass of J/Ψ + lepton in top decay / Μ Bl 3. Top-quark mass from jet rates 4. Threshold scan in e+e- annihilation Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 11
12 MS mass from cross section [Langenfeld, Moch, PU 09] Mass scheme well defined, higher orders can be included Tevatron, D0 only exp. uncertainties Drawback: Limited sensitivity to m t Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 12
13 Top mass in leptonic final states with J/Ψ [A. Kharchilava, CMS-Note , Phys. Lett. B476 (2000) 73, Corcella, Mangano, Seymour 00, Chierici, Dierlamm, CMS-Note ] Advantages: Disadvantages: Experimentally very clean Independent from production Good sensitivity Small branching fraction à Relies on Monte Carlo modeling Which mass do we measure? Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 13
14 Top mass in leptonic final states with J/Ψ Recent progress: [Biswas, Melnikov, Schulze 10] Slope difference of 0.01 compared to MC results à 3 GeV shift linear fit NLO corrections are important Further studies required Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 14
15 Top-quark mass from jet-rates (ttj) [S. Alioli, P.Fernandez, J.Fuster, A. Irles, S. Moch, PU, M. Vos, to appear] Use tt+1-jet events à Large event rates (~30 % of inclusive tt events) à NLO corrections available à NLO+shower available [Dittmaier, PU, Weinzierl 07, 08, Melnikov, Schulze 10, Melnikov, Scharf, Schulze 12] [Alioli, Moch, PU 11, Kardos, Papadopoulos, Trocsanyi 11] Similar to b-quark mass measurement at LEP using 3-jet rates [Bilenky, Fuster, Rodrigo, Santarmaria 95] Less sensitive to color reconnection Mass parameter fixed through NLO calculation MS mass in principle possible Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 15
16 Top-quark mass from jet rates [S. Alioli, P.Fernandez, J.Fuster, A. Irles, S. Moch, PU, M. Vos, to appear] To enhance mass sensitivity study: with i.e. m 0 = 170 GeV Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 16
17 Mass dependence [S. Alioli, P.Fernandez, J.Fuster, A. Irles, S. Moch, PU, M. Vos, to appear] Crossing due to normalization high energy threshold Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 17
18 Sensitivity [S. Alioli, P.Fernandez, J.Fuster, A. Irles, S. Moch, PU, M. Vos, to appear] Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 18
19 Scale and PDF uncertainties [S. Alioli, P.Fernandez, J.Fuster, A. Irles, S. Moch, PU, M. Vos, to appear] 0.5 GeV 0.2 GeV Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 19
20 Color reconnection [S. Alioli, P.Fernandez, J.Fuster, A. Irles, S. Moch, PU, M. Vos, to appear] 400 MeV Very conservative estimate, in practice expect smaller effect Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 20
21 Estimate of uncertainties [S. Alioli, P.Fernandez, J.Fuster, A. Irles, S. Moch, PU, M. Vos, to appear] PDF uncertainty: Scale uncertainty: Color reconnect.: JES (+/- 3%): ~0.2 GeV ~0.5 GeV ~0.4 GeV ~0.8 GeV 1 GeV Mass independent unfolding possible à Promising alternative Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 21
22 Summary Top-quark mass uncertainty about 1 GeV achieved So far different measurements look consistent How well do we understand current mass measurements? Precise theoretical predictions required Important to study alternative methods for top-quark mass determination Top-quark mass from jet rates looks promising Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 22
23 Thank you for your attention Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 23
24 Conversion between schemes Example: Pole mass ß à MS mass: Pole mass MS mass Running mass Important: Difference is formally of higher order in coupling constant Difference can be numerically significant [Chetyrkin,Steinhauser 99] Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 24
25 Unfolding [S. Alioli, P.Fernandez, J.Fuster, A. Irles, S. Moch, PU, M. Vos, to appear] Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 25
26 Impact of higher order corrections [S. Alioli, P.Fernandez, J.Fuster, A. Irles, S. Moch, PU, M. Vos, to appear] high energy threshold Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 26
27 Top quark mass from cross section Mass scheme well defined, higher orders can be included Drawback: Limited sensitivity to m t Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 27
28 Non-perturbative effects Non-perturbative effects at the LHC [Skands,Wicke 08] Simulate top mass measurement using different models/tunes for non-perturbative physics / colour reconnection different offset for different tunes! Non-perturbative effects result in uncertainty of the order of 500 MeV offset from generated mass blue: pt-ordered PS green: virtuality ordered PS Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 28
29 Recent progress: Jetmass in e+e- Study high energetic tops in different hemispheres [Hoang 07,08] factorisation in hard scattering and soft functions Double differential invariant mass distribution: Input Non-perturbative corrections shift peak by ~2.4 GeV and broaden the distribution Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 29
30 Top mass from threshold scan at LC [Kühn 81, Bigi, Dokshitzer, Khoze, Kühn, Zerwas 86, Fadin,Khoze 87 Mass determination via remnant of 1S resonance resummation NLO LO Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 30
31 Higher order corrections towards full NNNLO [Hoang 03] Peak position stable, normalisation improved Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 31
32 Higher order corrections towards full NNNLO [Beneke, Kiyo, Schuller 08] Important shift due to non-logarithmic NNNLO terms, still missing: consistent treatment of finite width effects Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 32
33 Important Peak position remains stable à 100 MeV estimate from TDR still valid Taking higher order corrections into account: shape and normalisation is stabilized à important for top-width and Yukawa coupling after tremendous theory effort, observable rather well under control Drawback: Dedicated threshold run required Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 33
34 Alternative Methods [ILD, arxiv ] 90 MeV precision (stat) for 500 GeV and 100/fb However: precise relation to specific mass scheme? theory prediction? theoretical uncertainties? Peter Uwer (HU Berlin) Strategies to measure the top-quark mass La Thuile, Feb page 34
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