Hybrid Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Power Plant
|
|
- Rudolf Higgins
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 1 Hybrid Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Power Plant Józef PASKA, Piotr BICZEL Abstract--Nowadays, in many countries the increase of generating capacity takes place in small units of so-called distributed power industry (distributed generation). In the paper are presented: the experiences from exploitation of hybrid solarwind power plant; concept of solar power plant with fuel cell. This last solution enables optimal utilization of primary energy sources and increases the level of supply reliability. Authors have worked for several years on stand alone hybrid solar-wind power plant for supply of telecommunication equipment. The main problem in such installations is how to guarantee power supply all year without interruptions. Weather conditions in Poland provide to breaks in winter and autumn. The paper shows proposal of a new power plant with fuel cell and solar panels. The idea is to generate energy from PV panels as long as it is possible. When there is no Sun energy will be produced by fuel cell. Because of the system will operate rather far from service centers it has to work as long as it is possible without refueling. Power summation and control algorithm is explained, power electronics converters and control system are described. II. HYBRID SOLAR WIND POWER PLANT FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT The team from Warsaw University of Technology has built a hybrid solar and wind power plant described in [4]. That was an answer to order of one of Polish telecommunication companies. The power plant has supplied the telecom equipment. The company wanted to have clean energy source. Something what could replace Diesel generators. Particularly in installations placed far from public grid. The power plant had to produce energy all time without any breaks. Fig. 1 shows a general view and Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of the hybrid power plant. Index Terms--Distributed generation, fuel cells, renewable energy, solar photovoltaic panels, supply reliability. C I. INTRODUCTION URRENTLY we can observe very fast development of new electrical power sources called renewable sources. These sources are environment friendly and use primary energy carriers like solar, wind and water flow, biogas, biomass etc. The sources mentioned above can be split into two groups: controlled sources and uncontrolled sources. As controlled sources authors mean primary energy sources giving possibility to control electrical power production, for example coal. It is obvious that power production of uncontrolled sources is unpredictable and human independent. Solar and wind power plants are uncontrolled sources. On the other hands, electrical power should be produced exactly at the same time when it is needed. Sun and wind do not meet this requirement. So, special kind of power plants should be built to avoid shortages of power and to utilize all of available sun or wind power. These are at least two ways to achieve that aims: electrical energy storage or power plants using two primary sources with additional control systems. One of the sources must be a controlled power source. Fig. 1. View of solar panels and wind turbine of the hybrid power plant The plant has been tested for several years. Among other things, the nature of produced power has been particularly observed. Problems, connected with cooperation between power network and unstable sources, have been studied. An example of daily power production is shown in Fig. 3. J. Paska, D.Sc., Ph.D., is with Institute of Electric Power Engineering of the Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, POLAND ( Jozef.Paska@ien.pw.edu.pl). P. Biczel, Ph.D., M.Sc., is with Institute of Electric Power Engineering of the Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, POLAND ( biczelp@ee.pw.edu.pl). Fig. 2. Block diagram of the hybrid solar-wind power plant
2 2 Fig. 3. An example of daily power production of solar-wind power plant A heart of the system was a chemical battery. The battery has been charged by solar panels and wind turbine. The main idea was to use only solar panels but there were no enough sunny days in Poland. Solar panels could produce enough energy from May to September. But in winter breaks were very often. Fig. 4 shows power production during all year from the power plant (P obc means required power demand). So the wind turbine was added. But in Poland when there is no Sun also there is often no wind. P/Pobc. 1,60 1,40 1,20 1,00 0,80 0,60 0,40 0,20 0,00 January February March April May Fig. 4. The power produced by the solar-wind power plant during a year June III. SOME PROBLEMS CAUSED BY UNCONTROLLED POWER SOURCES IN POWER GRID As a result of research authors have noticed some problems connected to uncontrolled power production and cooperation with power grid. Among other the most important problems, in authors opinion, are: July August September October November December rapid and unpredictable changes of power production, sudden disappearances of power generation, bad usage of primary carriers. It has to be stressed that time constants of the phenomenon are much smaller then in classic power plants. Uncontrolled sources power production depends mainly on Sun irradiation or wind speed. The power versus time curve, called production profile, follows the primary carrier versus time curve. In fact, the changes are extremely rapid (Fig. 3). In case many similar power plants are installed, source power changes cause necessity to increase power hot reserve in power grid. The reserve has to be able to cover load demand in case of wind or sun production fall. The additional power reserve is necessary in grids with relatively high power in sources like wind turbines. German experiences show that more then 10% power in unstable sources causes significant drop in power quality. The sudden disappearance of power production was observed in the power plant. In the aftermath of that, it could be a large power shortage in power grid. The shortage has to be immediately filled up by other sources. The problem is that turbine sets or diesel sets cannot be speeded up enough quickly. The problem could not be solved by increasing of hot reserve in power production. The reason is bad turbine sets dynamics. Thus, other methods have to be applied. One of them could be to apply an energy storage system or a new fast enough controlled power source. There is almost impossible to produce power from both source in plant shown in Fig. 2. This is due to DC link nature. Power converters (DC/DC and AC/DC2) had diodes in output circuit. Those diodes were necessary to protect solar panels from opposite polarization or it is a consequence of converters topology. So, there were two parallel connected diodes in
3 3 sources connection. In consequence only one of two sources could supply load at the same time. If Sun has given e.g. 60% of load needs and wind 40%, it was necessary to supply load from chemical battery. Although sources together could produce enough power to meet needs. But none of them could not to meet load alone. The best way, in authors opinion, to solve problems described in this chapter is to build the power plant as controlled source. It will be possible if the additional controlled source is used. There are several possible additional sources and different possible schemes of connection with wind power turbines. But it is sure that new hybrid power plant has to be renewable or at least green source. So Diesel generator is excluded. Therefore, authors suggest fuel cells [1], especially fuelled by hydrogen for this purpose [8]. IV. HYBRID SOLAR FUEL CELL POWER PLANT Hydrogen fuelled fuel cells are new, efficient and clean DC power sources. They have also very good dynamic properties. Authors have tested PEM fuel cell Nexa [3], produced by Ballard. As it was told above, the additional source has to be very fast. PEM fuel cell meets this condition. Fig. 5 shows an example of time response for sudden load increase (from 0 to 30% of I max ), measured by authors. Authors have developed photovoltaic and fuel cell hybrid system. The system s block diagram is shown in Fig. 6. There are photovoltaic panels and PEM fuel cell as power sources. The fuel cell is fuelled by hydrogen. A heart of the control system is a special microprocessor control unit. The unit controls power electronic converters transferring power from sources to load. The unit allows maximizing of the usage of renewable uncontrolled source. Then sources will able to supply load together. So, even if photovoltaic panels are not able to cover power demand, they could be used. The lack of power is filled up with fuel cell power. The most important advantage of the proposed system is maximizing solar panels working time and minimizing fuel demand. Control system can keep output power fixed and Sun irradiation independent. V. EXPERIMENT RESULTS Authors have prepared some simulations and physical model to confirm advantages of proposed hybrid power plant. First, mathematical model using Simulink was prepared. It contained PV array model (using some concepts from [5]-[7]), simple PEMFC model and power electronics converters and control unit models. The model allowed to recognize problems with sources cooperation and to match parameters with power converters regulators. Solar irradiation and ambient temperature were given as input parameters. Load power and current and sources currents were output. An example of simulation results is shown in Fig. 7. It could be observed that output current (I total ) was fixed and solar irradiation independent. Solar current has changed due to irradiation. Hence, fuel cell current has fallen when solar current has risen and inverse it has risen when solar current has fallen. Fig. 5. Nexa s time response for sudden load increase Fig. 7. Simulation results - currents flow in the hybrid system Fig. 6. Authors hybrid solar-fuel cell power plant block diagram Very good simulation results have encouraged authors to prepare small physical model of power plant. One GPV 110ME solar module and Heliocentris NP50 fuel cell were used. Authors have performed power converters and control unit. The plant capacity was about 20 W. View of the plant is shown in Fig. 8 and Fig 9. Some experiments were done. Currents were measured
4 4 during sunset and sunrise periods (Fig. 10 and Fig. 11). Simulation results have been confirmed in practice. So, because solar panels do not need fuel, using both sources permits to maximise refuelling period A B C D current [A] solar current fuel cell current load current :10:05 18:17:17 18:24:29 18:31:41 18:38:53 18:46:05 18:53:17 19:00: Fig. 10. Currents in the plant sunset, 9 th September 2003 Fig. 8. GPV 110ME solar panel used in experimental power plant Current [A] :14:24 06:28:48 06:43:12 load current fuel cell current solar current 06:57:36 07:12:00 07:26:24 Fig. 11. Currents in the plant sunrise, 22 nd September :40:48 07:55:12 In comparison to solar power plant energy production, described hybrid installation will give power as it is shown in Fig ,8 1,6 1,4 fuel cell sun P/Po 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 Fig. 9. NP 50 PEM fuel cell and power converters VI. PROS AND CONS OF NEW HYBRID POWER PLANT The main reason to build described system was to supply stand alone telecom system using renewable energy sources. So, the power plant has to produce energy independently from any external (weather) fluctuations. That could be obtained by using two sources: weather dependent solar panels and weather independent fuel cell. Such installation can give energy all time and do not produce any pollutants. On the other hand, problem with the fuel cell is limited hydrogen tank capacity. 0,4 0,2 0 January February March April May June July August September Fig. 12. Hybrid solar and fuel cell power plant production In addition, cost of produced energy has decreased despite equipment costs increase. It was possible because total number of PV working hours in year was almost doubled using hybrid system. October November December
5 5 Now the question is how much we can earn having such hybrid system. At first sight hybrid system seems much more expensive. Authors have discussed this problem in [2], [8]. The most important thing is to determine total PV working time in a year with load power. It could be done using meteorological data and some statistical information about weather in place where the plant is installed. Authors have performed such calculation using PVSIM simulation tool [7]. Two variants were analyzed. Variant 1 is a power plant without special control unit and variant 2 with such system. Sources cannot work together in variant 1. So load can be powered only by sun power or fuel cell power. Control unit allows sources to supply load together in variant 2 (Fig. 10 and Fig. 11). In variant 1 it was obtained working time about 1200 hours per year with load power out of PVSIM simulation for location in Warsaw (Poland). The working time was only taken into consideration when PV array has produced more power then load needs. The plant construction did not allow to use sun power when produced power level is lower in variant 1. Then, next total power cost per 1 kwh was calculated using UNIPEDE method. The cost at level 5.5 /kwh was received. In variant 2 it was possible to supply load by sun power even if production was smaller then needs. Then it was obtained working time at level 2200 hours per year with load power. The cost approximately 4.8 /kwh was received. So, cost reduction at level 10% was reached. VII. CONCLUSIONS Very good simulation and experimental results have given authors possibility to say that proposed hybrid power plant has worked as it was planned. So, the main conclusion is that it is possible to build hybrid solar and fuel cell power plant which allows optimal utilization of renewable uncontrolled primary energy carrier. It is possible with using of dynamic controlled back up source, i.e. PEM fuel cell. VIII. REFERENCES [1] Z. Barisic, Challenge to the Development of PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Stationary Power, The Fuel Cell World, Lucerne, Switzerland, 1-5 July [2] P. Biczel, Optimal usage of primary energy carriers on example of hybrid solar and fuel cell power plant, Ph.D. dissertation, Electrical Engineering Faculty, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland, [3] K. Bonhoff, The NEXATM 1200 Watt Compact Power Supply, The Fuel Cell World, Lucerne, Switzerland, 1-5 July [4] A. Dmowski, P. Biczel, B. Kras, Stand-alone telecom power system supplied by PEM fuel cell and renewable sources, International Fuel Cell Workshop 2001, Kofu, Japan, November [5] A. D. Hansen, P. Sørensen, L.H. Hansen, H. Binder, Models for a Stand-Alone PV System, Risø National Laboratory., Roskilde, December [6] A. Hoque, K. A. Wahid, New Mathematical Model of a Photovoltaic Generator (PVG), Journal of Electrical Engineering, The Institute of Engineers, Bangladesh, vol. EE 28, No. 1, June [7] D. L. King, J. K. Dudley, W. E. Boyson, PVSIM: A. Simulation Program for Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, and Arrays, 25th IEEE PVSC, Washington DC, May 13-17, [8] J. Paska, P. Biczel, Hybrid photovoltaic power plant with fuel cell as an example of optimal utilization of primary energy sources in distributed power industry (in Polish), Elektroenergetyka Technika, Ekonomia, Organizacja, Nr 4, IX. BIOGRAPHIES Józef Paska (D.Sc., Ph.D., MEE) was born in Poland. He received the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Warsaw University of Technology in 1974, Ph.D. in 1982 and D.Sc. (habilitation) in 2002 (both in electric power engineering). Presently, he is Associate Professor at Institute of Electric Power Eng. and Vice-Dean of the Electrical Engineering Faculty. Member of Committee of Power Engineering Problems of the Polish Academy of Sciences and editorial boards of newspapers Electrician and Energy Market. His areas of interest include power system reliability, electricity generation technologies, power engineering economics, distributed generation, renewable energy. Author of over 140 papers and 3 academic textbooks on power system reliability, electricity generation, renewable energy sources. He is a member of the Polish Society of Theoretical and Applied Electrical Engineering, the Polish Nuclear Society and World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society. Piotr Biczel (Ph.D., M.Sc.) was born in Poland. He received the M.Sc. degree in automation and robotics from Warsaw University of Technology in 1999 and Ph.D. in 2003 (in electric power engineering). Presently, he is Assistant Professor at Institute of Electric Power Eng. of the Warsaw University of Technology. His areas of interest include power electronics, distributed generation, renewable energy. Author of over 20 papers on power electronics, renewable energy sources and distributed generation.
SOLAR PV-WIND HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM
SOLAR PV-WIND HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM J.Godson 1,M.Karthick 2,T.Muthukrishnan 3,M.S.Sivagamasundari 4 Final year UG students, Department of EEE,V V College of Engineering,Tisaiyanvilai, Tirunelveli,
More informationK.Vijaya Bhaskar,Asst. Professor Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Incremental Conductance Based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for Photovoltaic System M.Lokanadham,PG Student Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Sri Venkatesa Perumal College of Engg & Tech
More informationTraining Systems for Renewable Energies. Acquiring Practical Skills and Project-oriented Expertise
Training Systems for Renewable Energies Acquiring Practical Skills and Project-oriented Expertise Qualifications through Quality Inexhaustible, sustainable, real the future is green The move away from
More informationHBOX SOLAR 3A SOLAR POWERED ELECTROLYSER CASE STUDY 03
HBOX SOLAR 3A SOLAR POWERED ELECTROLYSER CASE STUDY 03 Case Study 03 HBox Solar: A Solar-Powered Electrolyser Background ITM Power is a developer of hydrogen energy systems based on electrolysis. There
More informationSimulations of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems and Environmental Impact for Qena Al-Gadida City
Simulations of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems and Environmental Impact for Qena Al-Gadida City Abdelrahman Atallah Z. Saleh 1, Loai S. Nasrat 2, Barakat M. Hasaneen 3, Ibrahim A.I. Nassar 4 1 Department
More informationEducation in the field of photovoltaics in the Czech Republic Prof. Vitezslav Benda
Education in the field of photovoltaics in the Czech Republic Prof. Vitezslav Benda Department Electrotechnology Czech Technical University in Prague Photovoltaics is one of the most dynamically growing
More informationHybrid Renewable Energy Systems for North-Eastern Poland
Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for North-Eastern Poland * Janusz PIECHOCKI, Piotr SOLOWIEJ, Maciej NEUGEBAUER Department of Electrical, Power, Electronic and Control Engineering, University of Warmia
More informationACTIVITY 6: Series and Parallel Wiring
Section 2 Activities Activity 6: Series and Parallel Wiring ACTIVITY TYPE: Worksheet Overview: Students understand the effects of building electrical circuits to increase voltage and amperage. Goal: Students
More informationA Stable DC Power Supply for Photovoltaic Systems
Int. J. of Thermal & Environmental Engineering Volume 12, No. 1 (216) 67-71 A Stable DC Power Supply for Photovoltaic Systems Hussain A. Attia*, Beza Negash Getu, and Nasser A. Hamad Department of Electrical,
More informationImplementation of the Movable Photovoltaic Array to Increase Output Power of the Solar Cells
Implementation of the Movable Photovoltaic Array to Increase Output Power of the Solar Cells Hassan Moghbelli *, Robert Vartanian ** * Texas A&M University, Dept. of Mathematics **Iranian Solar Energy
More informationMULTI-INPUT DC-DC CONVERTER FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
MULTI-INPUT DC-DC CONVERTER FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Nithya.k 1, Ramasamy.M 2 1 PG Scholar, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, K.S.R College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Assistant
More informationHybrid Power System with A Two-Input Power Converter
Hybrid Power System with A Two-Input Power Converter Y. L. Juan and H. Y. Yang Department of Electrical Engineering National Changhua University of Education Jin-De Campus, Address: No.1, Jin-De Road,
More informationHybrid Systems Specialisation Syllabus
Hybrid Systems Specialisation Syllabus Contents: 1. Basics of electric power systems 2. Energy generation in isolated systems 3. Electric power systems 4. Economics and socio-economics -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationTraining Systems for Technical Education Product Overview. Education
Training Systems for Technical Education Product Overview Education 2 Fuel cell training systems An important part of technical training 3 Overview of the products 5 Instructor training system The entry-level
More informationSolar Cars. QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Energy Law Natalie Boulahanis nboulahanis@kentlaw.
Solar Cars TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor Energy Law Natalie Boulahanis nboulahanis@kentlaw.edu What are Solar Cars? TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor What are Solar Cars? Solar cars are cars powered
More informationINTERFACES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WITH ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS
INTERFACES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WITH ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS Paulo Ferreira, Manuel Trindade, Júlio S. Martins and João L. Afonso University of Minho, Braga, Portugal paulo.alves.ferreira@sapo.pt,
More informationAnalysis and Design of Multi Input Dc Dc Converter for Integrated Wind PV Cell Renewable Energy Generated System
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-1, Issue-5, November 2012 Analysis and Design of Multi Input Dc Dc Converter for Integrated Wind PV Cell Renewable
More informationSolar Matters III Teacher Page
Solar Matters III Teacher Page Solar Powered System - 2 Student Objective Given a photovoltaic system will be able to name the component parts and describe their function in the PV system. will be able
More informationNew Energy Lab. Experiment Guide. New Energy Lab - Experiment Guide 1
New Energy Lab Experiment Guide New Energy Lab - Experiment Guide 1 NEW ENERGY LAB Experiment Guide Version 1.5 August 2013 Heliocentris Academia GmbH Rudower Chaussee 29 12489 Berlin Germany All rights
More informationPoznan University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering
Poznan University of Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering Contact Person: Pawel Kolwicz Vice-Dean Faculty of Electrical Engineering pawel.kolwicz@put.poznan.pl List of Modules Academic Year: 2015/16
More informationENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEMS
ENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEMS SOLAR POWER INTRODUCTION Energy from the sun falls on our planet on a daily basis. The warmth of the sun creates conditions on earth conducive to life. The weather patterns that
More informationAn Isolated Multiport DC-DC Converter for Different Renewable Energy Sources
An Isolated Multiport DC-DC Converter for Different Renewable Energy Sources K.Pradeepkumar 1, J.Sudesh Johny 2 PG Student [Power Electronics & Drives], Dept. of EEE, Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College,
More informationSolar Energy. Airports Going Green Aimee Fenlon
Solar Energy Airports Going Green Aimee Fenlon 1 Renewable vs. Non-Renewable Electrical Generation Renewables: Source Advantages Disadvantages Solar PV No CO2; Needs no Fuel Intermittent no power at night,
More informationImpact of Reflectors on Solar Energy Systems
Impact of Reflectors on Solar Energy Systems J. Rizk, and M. H. Nagrial Abstract The paper aims to show that implementing different types of reflectors in solar energy systems, will dramatically improve
More informationAdvanced Fuel Cells A Reliable and Green Solution to Reduce Operating Expenses of Telecommunication Networks
Advanced Fuel Cells A Reliable and Green Solution to Reduce Operating Expenses of Telecommunication Networks White Paper Anil K. Trehan, Vice President, Energy Solutions CommScope, Inc. May 28, 2013 Contents
More informationConsider How can you collect solar energy for use in your school? What are other alternatives?
5 a 5 Energy Sources a - Energy from the sun Purpose To explore sourcing our energy from the sun Key concepts Solar energy is a natural and renewable resource Heat energy from the sun can be used to heat
More informationDistributed Power, Renewables, Stored Energy and the Grid Blinkless Synchronous Inverter System
Distributed Power, Renewables, Stored Energy and the Grid Blinkless Synchronous Inverter Go Electric Inc. www.goelectricinc.com 1 Distributed Power, Renewables, Stored Energy and the Grid Blinkless Synchronous
More informationHybrid Wind-Fuel Cell Renewable Energy Utilization Scheme for Village Electricity
Proceedings of the 4 th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON 0), Cairo University, Egypt, December 9-, 00, Paper ID 3. Hybrid Wind-Fuel Cell Renewable Energy Utilization Scheme for
More informationCoordination Control of a Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid With Various Renewable Energy Sources
Coordination Control of a Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid With Various Renewable Energy Sources 1 Hema Surya Teja Beram, 2 Nandigam Rama Narayana 1,2 Dept. of EEE, Sir C R Reddy College of Engineering, Eluru, AP,
More informationSTEADYSUN THEnergy white paper. Energy Generation Forecasting in Solar-Diesel-Hybrid Applications
STEADYSUN THEnergy white paper Energy Generation Forecasting in Solar-Diesel-Hybrid Applications April 2016 Content 1 Introduction... 3 2 Weather forecasting for solar-diesel hybrid systems... 4 2.1 The
More informationDC/DC BUCK Converter for Renewable Energy Applications Mr.C..Rajeshkumar M.E Power Electronic and Drives,
DC/DC BUCK Converter for Renewable Energy Applications Mr.C..Rajeshkumar M.E Power Electronic and Drives, Mr.C.Anandaraj Assistant Professor -EEE Thiruvalluvar college of Engineering And technology, Ponnur
More informationOFF-GRID ELECTRICITY GENERATION WITH HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES IN IRAQ: AN APPLICATION OF HOMER
Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences ISSN 1999-8716 Printed in Iraq Second Engineering Scientific Conference College of Engineering University of Diyala 16-17 December. 2015, pp. 277-286 OFF-GRID ELECTRICITY
More information22nd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference Milan, Italy, September 2007
CLASSIFICATION OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY HYBRID SYSTEMS K. Bromberger, K. Brinkmann Department of Automation and Energy Systems Technology, University of Applied Sciences Trier
More informationPLC Based PV Module Tracking with Microcontroller Backup
PLC Based PV Module Tracking with Microcontroller Backup S. Dhivya Lakshmi 1, S. Harine 2, P.T. Subasini 3, S.T. Priyanka 4 Student, Dept. of EEE, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
More informationSolar Photovoltaic Frequently Asked Questions
Table of Contents 1. What is Solar Energy?... 2 2. What are the basic component of a Solar PV system?.2 3. What are the different types of PV systems ATL offers?...2 4. What is the difference between mono-crystalline
More informationA Discussion of PEM Fuel Cell Systems and Distributed Generation
A Discussion of PEM Fuel Cell Systems and Distributed Generation Jeffrey D. Glandt, M. Eng. Principal Engineer, Solutions Engineering May 2011 The information contained in this document is derived from
More informationSolar Energy Conversion using MIAC. by Tharowat Mohamed Ali, May 2011
Solar Energy Conversion using MIAC by Tharowat Mohamed Ali, May 2011 Abstract This work introduces an approach to the design of a boost converter for a photovoltaic (PV) system using the MIAC. The converter
More informationPerformance Assessment of 100 kw Solar Power Plant Installed at Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology
Performance Assessment of 100 kw Solar Power Plant Installed at Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology Prakash Thomas Francis, Aida Anna Oommen, Abhijith A.A, Ruby Rajan and Varun S. Muraleedharan
More informationCapacity planning for fossil fuel and renewable energy resources power plants
Capacity planning for fossil fuel and renewable energy resources power plants S. F. Ghaderi *,Reza Tanha ** Ahmad Karimi *** *,** Research Institute of Energy Management and Planning and Department of
More informationSolar Cybertech: A Competition of Digitally Controlled Vehicles Poweredby Solar Panels
118 ELECTRONICS, VOL. 17, NO. 2, DECEMBER 2013 Solar Cybertech: A Competition of Digitally Controlled Vehicles Poweredby Solar Panels O. García, J. A. Oliver, D. Díaz, D. Meneses, P. Alou, M. Vasić, J.
More informationHOW TO SELECT GREEN TECHNOLOGIES IN A HARBOUR SETUP
HOW TO SELECT GREEN TECHNOLOGIES IN A HARBOUR SETUP E-Harbours towards sustainable, clean and energetic innovative harbour cities in the rth Sea Region ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report has been realised with
More informationPhysics and Economy of Energy Storage
International Conference Energy Autonomy through Storage of Renewable Energies by EUROSOLAR and WCRE October 30 and 31, 2006 Gelsenkirchen / Germany Physics and Economy of Energy Storage Ulf Bossel European
More informationNew Energy Alternatives
New Energy Alternatives New Renewables Commonly referred to as new because: not used on a wide scale technologies that are still in development believed that they will play a large role in the future Chapter
More informationRainwater Harvesting
Rainwater Harvesting With climate change now a reality rather than a speculated possibility, the demand on water resources has gone up, whilst the amount of water available for supply has gone down. Forth
More informationPOWER YOUR TELECOM SITE WITH OLYMPIAN Hybrid Power for Telecom Applications Solar Photovoltaic Wind Diesel Battery
POWER YOUR TELECOM SITE WITH OLYMPIAN Hybrid Power for Telecom Applications Solar Photovoltaic Wind Diesel Battery For more than 85 years, Caterpillar has created products and services that support the
More informationNovel simplified hourly energy flow models for photovoltaic power systems
This is the author's version of the work. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purpose or for creating new collective
More informationPower Your Telecom site with olympian Hybrid Power for Telecom Applications Solar Photovoltaic Wind Diesel Battery
Power Your Telecom site with olympian Hybrid Power for Telecom Applications Solar Photovoltaic Wind Diesel Battery For more than 85 years, Caterpillar has created products and services that support the
More informationMODELING AND CONTROL OF HYBRID WIND/PHOTOVOLTAIC/FUEL CELL DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS. Caisheng Wang
MODELING AND CONTROL OF HYBRID WIND/PHOTOVOLTAIC/FUEL CELL DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS by Caisheng Wang A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of
More informationSIMULATION AND APPLICATION OF A DC ENERGY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
1 SIMULATION AND APPLICATION OF A DC ENERGY DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM FOR HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS Engin Cetin a* Ahmet Yilanci a Harun Kemal Ozturk a Mahmut Hekim a Ismail Kasikci b Metin Colak c Siddik
More informationDesign, Analysis, and Implementation of Solar Power Optimizer for DC Distribution System
Design, Analysis, and Implementation of Solar Power Optimizer for DC Distribution System Thatipamula Venkatesh M.Tech, Power System Control and Automation, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering,
More informationMaximum Power from a Solar Panel
Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling: One + Two Volume 3 2010 Fall Issue 1 Article 10 Maximum Power from a Solar Panel Michael Miller University of South Florida Advisors: Gerald Hefley, Mathematics
More informationWasserstoff und Brennstoffzellen. E.V.A. / bmvit Workshop Wien,31.3.-1.4.2004. Stand Alone Photovoltaic Fuel Cell Hybrid Systems
Fuel Cell Workshop Wasserstoff und Brennstoffzellen E.V.A. / bmvit Workshop Wien,31.3.-1.4.2004 Stand Alone Photovoltaic Fuel Cell Hybrid Systems Ewald Wahlmüller, Fronius International GmbH Heinrich Wilk,
More informationSIMULATION AND ASSESSMENT OF SINGLE PHASE SEMI-Z-SOURCE INVERTER (S-ZSI)
International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET) Volume 7, Issue 1, Jan-Feb, 2016, pp.30-34, Article ID: IJEET_07_01_003 Available online at http:// http://www.iaeme.com/ijeet/issues.asp?jtype=ijeet&vtype=7&itype=1
More informationRenewable Energy Technology
Renewable Energy Technology INDIVIDUAL PROGRAM INFORMATION 2015 2016 866.Macomb1 (866.622.6621) www.macomb.edu Renewable Energy Technology PROGRAM OPTIONS CREDENTIAL TITLE CREDIT HOURS REQUIRED NOTES Certificate
More informationSystem Modelling and Online Optimal Management of MicroGrid with Battery Storage
1 System Modelling and Online Optimal Management of MicroGrid with Battery Storage Faisal A. Mohamed, Heikki N. Koivo Control Engineering Lab, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 5500, FIN-0015
More informationSolar power Availability of solar energy
Solar Energy Solar Energy is radiant energy produced in the sun as a result of nuclear fusion reactions. It is transmitted to the earth through space by electromagnetic radiation in quanta of energy called
More informationSolar and Wind Energy for Greenhouses. A.J. Both 1 and Tom Manning 2
Solar and Wind Energy for Greenhouses A.J. Both 1 and Tom Manning 2 1 Associate Extension Specialist 2 Project Engineer NJ Agricultural Experiment Station Rutgers University 20 Ag Extension Way New Brunswick,
More informationOptimium Planning of Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using HOMER
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol. 2, No. 1, February 2012, pp. 68~74 ISSN: 2088-8708 68 Optimium Planning of Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using HOMER J. B. Fulzele
More informationSources of electricity
Sources of electricity This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationSources of electricity
Sources of electricity This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationA MULTILEVEL INVERTER FOR SYNCHRONIZING THE GRID WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY IMPLEMENTING BATTERY CUM DC-DC CONERTER
A MULTILEVEL INVERTER FOR SYNCHRONIZING THE GRID WITH RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY IMPLEMENTING BATTERY CUM DC-DC CONERTER 1 KARUNYA CHRISTOBAL LYDIA. S, 2 SHANMUGASUNDARI. A, 3 ANANDHI.Y 1,2,3 Electrical
More informationAuburn University s Solar Photovoltaic Array Tilt Angle and Tracking Performance Experiment
Auburn University s Solar Photovoltaic Array Tilt Angle and Tracking Performance Experiment Julie A. Rodiek 1, Steve R. Best 2, and Casey Still 3 Space Research Institute, Auburn University, AL, 36849,
More informationAPPLICATION NOTE TESTING PV MICRO INVERTERS USING A FOUR QUADRANT CAPABLE PROGRAMMABLE AC POWER SOURCE FOR GRID SIMULATION. Abstract.
TESTING PV MICRO INVERTERS USING A FOUR QUADRANT CAPABLE PROGRAMMABLE AC POWER SOURCE FOR GRID SIMULATION Abstract This application note describes the four quadrant mode of operation of a linear AC Power
More informationVirtual Laboratory for Study of Renewable Solar Energy
266 Virtual Laboratory for Study of Renewable Solar Energy Cristian Dragoş DUMITRU, Adrian GLIGOR and Alexandru MORAR Abstract: The study of renewable energy sources is a new and interesting discipline
More informationO&M Service for Megasolar Power Plants and Precise Monitoring Techniques for PV Modules
403 Hitachi Review Vol. 63 (2014), No. 7 Featured Articles O&M Service for Megasolar Power Plants and Precise Monitoring Techniques for PV Modules Tohru Kohno Tetsuharu Ohya Tomoharu Nakamura OVERVIEW:
More informationA Proposal for Solar Energy Power in the city of Boulder, Colorado
A Proposal for Solar Energy Power in the city of Boulder, Colorado May 6, 2006 GEOL 4080 Hartmut Spetzler By: Kelly Butler Steven Theesfeld Amanda Nahm Ben Greene Mike Stauthamer Nick Struck Executive
More informationDESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A LOW COST SOLAR WATER PUMP FOR IRRIGATION IN BANGLADESH
Design and Analysis of a Low Cost Solar Water Pump for Irrigation in Bangladesh 98 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A LOW COST SOLAR WATER PUMP FOR IRRIGATION IN BANGLADESH Shahidul I. Khan 1*, Md. Mizanur R. Sarkar
More informationTOWARDS HYDROGEN ENERGY ECONOMY IN INDIA
TOWARDS HYDROGEN ENERGY ECONOMY IN INDIA by Dr. S.K. Chopra Senior Advisor Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources, Govt. of India UNU Conference on Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Alternatives in the Transport
More informationControl of a Hybrid Energy System
Control of a Hybrid Energy System Michael Snow, B. Eng. P. Eng. Master of Engineering Candidate Supervisors: Tariq Iqbal Neil Bose Outline Introduction Background Problem Design Methodology Research Design
More informationControl Strategies of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine for Wind Energy Generation Applications
Control Strategies of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine for Wind Energy Generation Applications AUTHORS Dr. Gonzalo Abad, The University of Mondragon, SPAIN. Dr. Miguel Ángel Rodríguez, Ingeteam Transmission
More informationHigh Fraction Hybrid Solar in Canada s North
High Fraction Hybrid Solar in Canada s North Making $ s and Sense Now! Dave H. Gerwing B.Eng., M.Sc., P. Eng. Sr. Technical Engineer Lockheed Martin Canada dave.gerwing@lmco.com www.lockheedmartin.ca/renewables
More informationNUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION. Advantages and disadvantages of different technologies and fuel sources; risks and opportunities
NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE ROYAL COMMISSION Submission on Issues Paper 3: Advantages and disadvantages of different technologies and fuel sources; risks and opportunities 3.8 What issues should be considered in
More informationPERFORMANCE OF MPPT CHARGE CONTROLLERS A STATE OF THE ART ANALYSIS
PERFORMANCE OF MPPT CHARGE CONTROLLERS A STATE OF THE ART ANALYSIS Michael Müller 1, Roland Bründlinger 2, Ortwin Arz 1, Werner Miller 1, Joachim Schulz 2, Georg Lauss 2 1. STECA ELEKTRONIK GMBH, Mammostr.
More informationHOMER Software Training Guide for Renewable Energy Base Station Design. Areef Kassam Field Implementation Manager
HOMER Training Guide for Renewable Energy Base Station Design Areef Kassam Field Implementation Manager Solar Table of Contents Introduction Step Step Step Step Solar Step Step Step Step Solar Introduction
More informationIntroduction for Photovoltaic Power System Test in China. Zou Xinjing Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Nov.
Introduction for Photovoltaic Power System Test in China Zou Xinjing Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Nov. 6, 2012 Content Testing Status of PV power systems in China Test
More informationAnalysis of a Hybrid System for Decentralized Power Generation
Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, Vol. 3, No. 1, January 2015 Analysis of a Hybrid System for Decentralized Power Generation H. Hinz Abstract Traditionally a centralized power generation based on fossil
More informationEnergy Storage System for Dc Micro Grid Using PIC Microcontroller
Energy Storage System for Dc Micro Grid Using PIC Microcontroller Sanas Renuka V 1, Patil Anupama S 2 P.G. Student, Department of Electrical Engg, Dnyanganga College of Engineering & Research, Pune, India
More informationRENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY FOR LIGHTING SYSTEMS
RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY FOR LIGHTING SYSTEMS DUMITRU Cristian, Petru Maior University of Tg.Mureş GLIGOR Adrian, Petru Maior University of Tg.Mureş ABSTRACT Nowadays, the electric lighting is an important
More informationDesign of Four Input Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter for Renewable Energy Application
Design of Four Input Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter for Renewable Energy Application A.Thiyagarajan Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Karpagam Institute of Technology
More informationGlossary of Terms Avoided Cost - Backfeed - Backup Generator - Backup Power - Base Rate or Fixed Charge Baseload Generation (Baseload Plant) -
Glossary of Terms Avoided Cost - The incremental cost Flint Energies would pay for the next kilowatt-hour of power in the open marketplace for energy. Flint Energies Board of Directors sets this Avoided
More information5-Minute Refresher: RENEWABLE ENERGY
5-Minute Refresher: RENEWABLE ENERGY Renewable Energy Key Ideas Renewable energy is a source of energy that can be used and replenished naturally in a relatively short period of time. Non renewable energy
More informationModule 7 Forms of energy generation
INTRODUCTION In rich countries like Australia, our standard of living is dependent on easily available energy. Every time you catch a bus, turn on a light or watch television energy is being used up. Over
More informationFRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS ISE
FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS ISE Power generation from renewable energy in Germany assessment of 2015 Prof. Dr. Bruno Burger Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE Freiburg,
More informationMarketing Methodology of Solar PV Power Packs
Marketing Methodology of Solar PV Power Packs Somasekhar. G, Bharathi.G, and GirijaEureka.M* Department of Management Studies Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science Post Box No: 14, Angallu, Madanapalle-
More informationIntegrating a Renewable Energy Degree into an Existing Mechanical Engineering Program
Integrating a Renewable Energy Degree into an Existing Mechanical Engineering Program Corey Jones, Robert Rogers, John Anderson Department of Mechanical Engineering Oregon Institute of Technology Klamath
More informationHigh Intensify Interleaved Converter for Renewable Energy Resources
High Intensify Interleaved Converter for Renewable Energy Resources K. Muthiah 1, S.Manivel 2, Gowthaman.N 3 1 PG Scholar, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions,Tirupur 2 Assistant Professor, Jay Shriram Group
More informationCoslight Hybrid Power System with Solar
Coslight Hybrid Power System with Solar (Technical Manual Draft V1.0) Harbin Coslight Power Co., Ltd. Contents I. Overview... 2 Characteristics of System with Solar 2 II. Composition of System with Solar......
More informationFuel Cell solutions for maritime and harbour applications Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH. Sebastian Dirk Venice, 14th of June
Fuel Cell solutions for maritime and harbour applications Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH Sebastian Dirk Venice, 14th of June The Company Proton Motor Proton Motor Fuel Cell GmbH is a leading manufacturer
More informationFREE iphone APP Get our FREE OPEX SAVER CALCULATOR iphone App scan code to go direct to App Store.
Text and design: Creuna/Mikla. Photo: Shutterstock, Getty Images. Document no: MMP10.0002.BR3 WWW.ELTEK.COM FREE iphone APP Get our FREE OPEX SAVER CALCULATOR iphone App scan code to go direct to App Store.
More informationGUIDE TO NET ENERGY METERING. www.heco.com
GUIDE TO NET ENERGY METERING www.heco.com Welcome to Net Energy Metering As a Net Energy Metering (NEM) customer, you are helping Hawaii reach its clean energy goals. Your photovoltaic (PV) system should
More informationFree electricity for your home, offices or factory with solar PV panels
Free electricity for your home, offices or factory with solar PV panels Who we are Easy Being Green helps customers reduce their household s energy consumption by using energy saving products. Easy Easy
More informationModeling and Control for Smart Grid Integration with MPPT of Solar/Wind Energy Conversion System S. Sathish Kumar 1, B.Swapna 2, Dr.C.
Modeling and Control for Smart Grid Integration with MPPT of Solar/Wind Energy Conversion System S. Sathish Kumar 1, B.Swapna 2, Dr.C.Nagarajan 3 Research Scholar, GRT Institute of Engineering & Technology,
More informationPower Electronics for Renewable Energy Integration into Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids Kai SUN Aug 27, 2015
Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Integration into Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids Kai SUN Aug 27, 2015 厚 德 载 物 自 强 不 息 Dept. of Electrical Engineering Outlines Introduction Series-distributed Renewable Generation
More informationModelling and Simulation of Distributed Generation System Using HOMER Software
Modelling and Simulation of Distributed Generation System Using HOMER Software Bindu U Kansara Electrical Engineering Department Sardar Patel University SICART, Vidyanagar 388 1210, Gujarat, India bindu_kansara@yahoo.co.in
More informationSolar Solutions Copyright, The Environmental Center 2013
Solar Solutions Copyright, The Environmental Center 2013 Subject: Science Grades: 4-8 Length: 30-60 minutes Focus: Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Rationale: We depend on energy for every aspect of our
More informationA bidirectional DC-DC converter for renewable energy systems
BULLETIN OF THE POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES TECHNICAL SCIENCES Vol. 57, No. 4, 2009 A bidirectional DC-DC converter for renewable energy systems S. JALBRZYKOWSKI, and T. CITKO Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
More informationAC COUPLED HYBRID SYSTEMS AND MINI GRIDS
, Michael; Hermes, Matthias SMA Technologie AG Hannoversche Str. 1-5 34266 Niestetal GERMANY E-mail: Michael.@SMA.de E-mail: Matthias.Hermes@SMA.de 1. INTRODUCTION Distributed supply based on renewable
More informationHybrid Micro-Power Energy Station; Design and Optimization by Using HOMER Modeling Software
Hybrid Micro-Power Energy Station; Design and Optimization by Using HOMER Modeling Software Iyad. M. Muslih 1, Yehya Abdellatif 2 1 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Applied Science
More informationGenerating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Pros:
P a g e 1 Generating Current Electricity: Complete the following summary table for each way that electrical energy is generated. Generating Electrical Energy Using Moving Water: Hydro-Electric Generation
More informationShort-term Forecast for Photovoltaic Power Generation with Correlation of Solar Power Irradiance of Multi Points
Short-term Forecast for Photovoltaic Power Generation with Correlation of Solar Power Irradiance of Multi Points HIROAKI KOBAYASHI Polytechnic University / Kogakuin University 2-32-1 Ogawanishi-machi,
More information