A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e

Transcription

1 A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e Chapter 11 Installing Windows 2000/XP/Vista (v1.15)

2 Windows 2000 Windows 2000 and Windows XP are similar Windows 2000 True 32-bit, module-oriented operating system Improved security User-friendly Plug and Play installations A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 2

3 Windows 2000 Versions Windows 2000 Professional Windows 2000 Server Windows 2000 Advanced Server Windows 2000 Datacenter Server A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 3

4 Windows XP Windows XP Extra support for multimedia, PnP, legacy software Merges Windows 9x/Me and Windows NT Will be available to OEM until for XP Home for netbooks A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 4

5 Features of Windows XP Windows XP (Home Edition and Professional) Revised user interface with new look and feel Ability to simultaneously log on two or more users Windows Media Player and Windows Messenger Windows Security Center (with Service Pack 2) User-friendly CD burning process Remote Assistance and expanded Help A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 5

6 Windows XP Professional Windows XP Professional offers additional features Examples: Support for dual CPU s Advanced networking capabilities Improved security features A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 6

7 Windows XP Professional Two OS s built on Windows XP Professional Windows XP Media Center Edition Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Windows XP Professional x64 Edition Used with 64-bit processors such as the Athlon 64 & recent Intel CPU s A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 7

8 Figure 11-1 XP user interface and sample windows A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 8

9 Introduction (Vista) Vista Extra support for security Issues include High hardware requirements, performance issues, and driver and software support

10 Vista Versions 32 and 64 bit versions Starter Home Basic Home Premium Business Enterprise Ultimate A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 10

11 Vista Desktop

12 Windows 7 What Vista should have been! Vista Service Pack 3 Vista Second Edition Released in late 2009 Revamped user interface Addressed performance & other issues that plagued Vista

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14 Vista & XP Installation Requirements

15 Choose the Version of Vista Retail OEM

16 Minimum Requirements and Hardware Compatibility Questions to ask to verify system specifications: What CPU and how much RAM is installed? How much hard drive space is available? Does my motherboard BIOS qualify? Will my software work under Windows XP/Vista? Will my hardware work under Windows XP/Vista? What if I can t find the drivers? A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 16

17 Table 12-1 Vista editions and their features

18 Addressable RAM Support Table 12-2 Maximum memory supported by Windows editions

19 OS Installation Options Clean Install Overwrite existing OS and applications Upgrade Replace the OS only Dual Boot Install the second OS on a second partition or hard disk drive

20 Installation Options Table 12-3 Upgrade paths to Windows Vista

21 Vista Minimum Hardware Requirements CPU with a clock speed of 800 MHz 512 MB of RAM SVGA video 20 GB hard drive with at least 15 GB free space CD-ROM drive Note: Vista comes in CD or DVD disks.

22 Vista Recommended Hardware Requirements For all editions except Home Basic 1 Ghz minimum CPU clock speed DirectX 9 video adapter 128M of video memory 40G hard disk drive with 15G of free space DVD ROM Internet access

23 Table 12-5 Minimum and Recommended Requirements for Windows XP Professional

24 Windows Architecture

25 Operating Modes Kernel Mode User Mode A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 25

26 User Mode Applications programs have: Limited access to system information Can only access hardware through the OS All applications relate to the OS via the Win32 Subsystem Most important subsystem Manages environment for all 32 bit programs including the user interface (UI)

27 User Mode Win32 Security Subsystem Provides logon to the system Provides other security functions such as file access privileges

28 Figure 11-6 User mode and kernel mode in Windows 2000/XP and how they relate to users, application software, and hardware A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 28

29 Legacy Applications DOS and 16 bit Windows applications NTVDM NT Virtual DOS Machine Isolated environment for DOS applications Cannot interact with system outside WOW Win16 on Win32 For 16 bit Windows applications With WOW 16 bit application can communicate with each other

30 Figure 11-7 Environment subsystems in Windows 2000/XP user mode include NTVDMs for DOS and Windows 3.x applications and optional multithreading for 32-bit applications A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 30

31 Processes and Threads Process: running program or group of programs Thread: single task that process requests from kernel A process can spawn multiple threads A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 31

32 Kernel Mode Comprises HAL and Executive Services HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) interacts with CPU & hardware Executive Services manage hardware resources through HAL and device drivers Applications in the User mode cannot directly access hardware A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 32

33 Benefits of User and Kernel Modes HAL and Executive services operate more efficiently Application address space is protected System is protected from illegal demands from applications programs A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 33

34 Windows Networking Models

35 Windows Workgroups Workgroup: logical group of computers and users Resources are shared within a workgroup Administration is decentralized Peer-to-peer networking model A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 35

36 Figure 11-9 A Windows workgroup is a peer-to-peer network where no single computer controls the network and each computer controls its own resources A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 36

37 Windows Domains Domain: group of networked computers Resources are controlled via a centralized directory A domain uses a client/server networking model Network operating system (NOS) controls directory Some NOS s: Windows Server 2003, Novel NetWare A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 37

38 Figure A Windows domain is a client/server network where security on each PC or other device is controlled by a centralized database on a domain controller A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 38

39 Windows Domains (continued) Windows domains Security accounts manager (SAM) database contents User accounts, group accounts, computer accounts Domain controller stores and controls SAM Primary domain controller (PDC) holds original directory Backup domain controller (BDC) holds read-only copy A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 39

40 Windows Domains (continued) Native mode: only Windows 2000 PDC s in the system Mixed mode: at least one Windows NT PDC in system Active directory: single point of control over network Active Directory includes the SAM database A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 40

41 Networking Features Windows XP and Vista Logon Administrator account Has rights and permissions to all computer resources Used to set up other user accounts and assign privileges Logon is required before OS can be used Rights and permissions granted according to user group Windows XP & Vista allows multiple users to be logged on To logoff or switch to another user, press Ctrl-Alt-Del Log Off Windows dialog box appears A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 41

42 Figure Switch users or log off in Windows XP A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 42

43 How Windows Manages Hard Disk Drives

44 Partitions HDD can be divided into one or more partitions Win 2000/XP/Vista/7 can supports up to four partitions on a hard disk drive Partition can have one or more logical drives otherwise known as volumes. Indicated by a drive letter such as C:

45 Types of Partitions Primary partition Can only have one logical drive Can be bootable (Active Partition or System Partition) Extended partition Can divided into one or more logical drives Non-bootable Only one extended partition on a hard disk drive

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47 Master Boot Record (MBR) Located on first HDD sector Contains two items: Partition Table Description & location of disk partition Master Boot Program (boot strap loader) Loads the OS boot program stored in the OS boot record Located on first sector of the active partition If the active partition is the first HDD partition, it is located on the first sector after the MBR.

48 Windows Partition Types System Partition Active partition Contains OS Boot Record Boot Partition Location where the Windows system files are stored In most installations, they are one and the same. In dual boot installations, they are different.

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50 Managing Partitions Disk Management Program Control Panel > Administrative Tools > Computer Management Or type Diskmgmt.msc in the Run dialog box and press Enter. Once a partition is created it cannot be modified without destroying the data Partition Magic (3 rd party tool)

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56 Windows Installation

57 Hard Drive Partitions and File Systems Minimum space required: Windows XP: 2 GB for partition and 1.5 GB free Windows Vista/7: 20 gigabyte partition You cannot install OS on partition used by another OS Consequence: the existing OS will be overwritten A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 57

58 Hard Drive Partitions and File Systems Ensure that partitions on hard drive are adequate Check disk usage with Disk Management Select a file system Choices: NTFS and FAT32 (2000/XP) & NTFS only (Vista/7) Needs, such as dual-booting, drive choice A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 58

59 Installation Process If PC is not part of a network, install from setup CD If PC is part of a network, you have two choices: Install the OS from the Windows XP/Vista setup CD Install OS from file server (files copied from setup CD on an image file) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 59

60 Installation Options Two options for automated installation: Unattended installation (based on an answer file) Drive imaging (or disk cloning) Options for proceeding through the installation: Custom, Typical, Express, or others A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 60

61 Table 11-4 Checklist to complete before installing Windows 2000/XP A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 61

62 Steps to Install Windows (2K/XP/Vista/7) General tips about installing Windows: If booting from a CD, verify boot sequence Disable the PnP feature of motherboard BIOS Disable virus protection preventing boot sector changes If internal CD drive not present, boot from external drive If installing on a notebook, plug in the AC adapter A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 62

63 Figure Use CMOS setup to verify the boot sequence looks to the optical drive before it checks the hard drive for an operating system A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 63

64 Figure Menu displayed for a dual boot A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 64

65 After the Windows XP or Vista Installation Preparing the system for use: Activate Windows XP or Vista/7 using Product activation (You have 30 days) Verify you can access the network and the Internet Verify all hardware works, install additional devices Create user accounts A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 65

66 After the Windows XP or Vista Installation Preparing the system for use: Install additional Windows components Install applications Verify system functions and backup system state Uninstall or curtail functions of unneeded programs A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 66

67 Product Activation (XP) Used by Microsoft to prevent software piracy Product activation via the Internet or phone: Activate Windows dialog box appears after installation Choose activation over Internet option Windows sends numeric identifier to MS server MS server sends certificate activating product Activate Windows within 30 days of installation A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 67

68 Product Activation (Vista/Win7) There is an initial 30 day deadline as in XP Can be extended for an additional 30 days up to 3 times Total of 120 days without activation

69 Update Windows MS Web site offers patches, fixes, updates, advice How to install updates Connect to Internet and start Windows Update ActiveX controls scan system and report needed items Respond to installation prompt Updates will be downloaded and installed Where to configure automatic updates Automatic Updates tab of System Properties dialog A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 69

70 Windows Service Packs Windows 2000 Service Packs 1 thru 4 Windows XP Service Pack 1, 2, and 3 Vista Service Pack 1 Service Pack 2 (2009) A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining your PC, 6e 70