DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED PERMISSION

Transcription

1 DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO Youth Polyvictimization NOT CITE WITHOUT in Québec AUTHOR S PERMISSION

2 Claire Chamberland, professeure, école de service social, Université de Montréal Katie Cyr, stagiaire post-doctorale, école de service social, Université de Montréal Marie-Ève Clément, professeure, département de psychoéducation et psychologie, UQO

3 Geneviève Lessard, professeure, école de service social, Université Laval Dominique Damant, directrice, école de service social, Université de Montréal

4 Delphine Collin-Vézina, professeure, école de service social, Université McGill Nico Trocmé, professeur, école de service social, Université McGill Center for Research on Children and Families

5 Jo-Anne Wemmers, professeure, école de criminologie, Université de Montréal

6 Marie-Hélène Gagné, professeure, psychologie, Université Laval

7 Overview DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED Problem: youth victimization RESULTS-DO Methodology NOT CITE WITHOUT Preliminary results AUTHOR S Discussion & future research PERMISSION

8 Problem Most of the literature on child maltreatment DRAFT, and victimization UNPUBLISHED focuses on separate categories of experiences such as physical RESULTS-DO abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, NOT conjugal CITE violence, bullying or dating violence. WITHOUT AUTHOR S Studies do PERMISSION not delineate the interrelationships among victimizations and the contribution of theses interrelationships to mental health problems.

9 Problem Little is known about «public» victimization of youths under 15 years old in Quebec and Canada. DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO NOT CITE Some forms of child victimization (emotional WITHOUT violence, AUTHOR S assaults by siblings) are routinely neglected in studies (Trocmé et al., 2005; Finkelhor et al., 2005) PERMISSION Children who suffer one type of victimization often suffer from others (Clément et al., 2005; Finkelhor et al., 2005, 2007; Margolin et al., 2003; Nishina & Juvonen, 2005; Saunders,2003)

10 Problem DRAFT, Victimization UNPUBLISHED surveys among adults showed that multiple or repeat RESULTS-DO victimization of the same NOT individual CITE is common (Outlaw et al., 2002; VanDijk, 2001) WITHOUT AUTHOR S PERMISSION Experiencing polyvictimization in childhood increases the risk for adult victimization (Schaaf & McCanne, 1998)

11 Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire Hamby, S.L., Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R.K. & Turner, H.A. (2004) DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO The Juvenile Victimization NOT Questionnaire CITE (JVQ) is a comprehensive questionnaire WITHOUT designed to gather information AUTHOR S on a broad range of victimizations PERMISSION Child self report version = 34 victimizations Caregiver version = 32 victimizations Exclude statutory rape & dating violence

12 The JVQ (Hamby, S.L., Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R.K. & Turner, H.A. (2004) Conventional Crimes 8 items Child Maltreatment 4 items Peer & Sibling Victimization 6 items, 5 for caregivers (dating violence) Sexual Victimization 7 items, 6 used (Statutory rape excluded) Witnessing & Indirect Victimization 9 items

13 Objectives 1. Translation and validation of the french version of the JVQ. 2. Gathering data on violence and polyvictimization of children and youths followed by youth protection agencies in Québec 3. Developping research projects to understand juvenile victimisation in Québec and Canada

14 Methodology Random selection of youths (2-17) followed by youth protection agencies in Quebec DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO NOT CITE 1. Centre-Jeunesse Montréal (n = 89) WITHOUT 2. Centre-Jeunesse Québec AUTHOR S (n = 37) n = Centre-Jeunesse Batshaw (n = 94) PERMISSION Telephone interviews with youths (12-17) or the principal caregiver (2-11)

15 Sample: gender & age F M n y.o. 7-11y.o y.o y.o. DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO NOT CITE WITHOUT AUTHOR S PERMISSION

16 Sample-living Situation & Age Total % Mother ,5 Foster F ,3 Rec. Cent ,5 Parents ,9 Other ,4 Father ,4 DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO NOT CITE WITHOUT AUTHOR S PERMISSION

17 Sample-Income Income n % valid % $ 39 17, $ 46 20, $ , $ 10 4,5 5, $ 18 8,2 10, $ 17 7,7 9, $ 8 3,6 4, $ & ,7 9,6 Total ,5 100 Refused 32 14,5 Missing 11 5 Total 43 19,5 60,4% DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO NOT CITE WITHOUT AUTHOR S PERMISSION

18 Results- «conventional» crimes (75%) Armed Robbery : 7,7 % DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED Personal Theft : 43,2 % RESULTS-DO Vandalism : 30 % NOT CITE Assault with weapon : 11,4 % WITHOUT AUTHOR S Assault : 42,7 % Attempted Assault : 23,6 % PERMISSION Kidnapping : 1,8 % Bias Attack : 8,6 %

19 Results: Maltreatment (39,1%) Physical abuse : 16,8 % 56 % were injured DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED The abuseur was a biological parent in most cases: RESULTS-DO father: 41,2% mother: 20,6 NOT % CITE Emotional/ psychological: 30,5 % WITHOUT AUTHOR S The abuseur was a biological parent in most cases: PERMISSION father: 41,8 % mother: 25,4 % Neglect: 6,4 % Custodial Interference/Family Abduction: 5 %

20 Results: Peer victimization (68,2 %) Gang or Group Assault : 10,9 % Peer or Sibling Assault : 47,7 % DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED 29 % were injured Peers : 36,2 % RESULTS-DO NOT CITE Sibling: 56,2 % (35,2% brother) Another child/youth living with the child: 7,6 % WITHOUT AUTHOR S Genital Assault : 7,3 % Bullying : 15 % Emotional Bullying: 34,1 % 85,3 % by someone they knew Dating violence : 10,9 % PERMISSION

21 Results: Sexual victimization (19,5 %*) Sexual Assault (known adult) : 1,4% DRAFT, The abusor was NOT UNPUBLISHED living with the child at the time of interview Sexual Assault (non specific) : 1,8% RESULTS-DO NOT CITE Sexual Assault by Peer : 3,2 % Rape:Attempted /Completed : 5,5 % WITHOUT AUTHOR S Flashing/Sexual Exposure : 8,2 % PERMISSION 77,8 % were under 18 years old Sexual Harassment (verbal) : 10,5 % 81,8 % by a youth they knew 13,6 % by a (ex) boy/girl friend

22 Results: Witnessing & Indirect (65,9 %) Witness: Domestic Violence: 8,6 % Witness: Parent Assault of Sibling : 7,7% Witness: Assault with Weapon : 24,5 % Witness: Assault without Weapon : 50,9% Burglary of Household: 11,8 % Murder of Family Member or Friend: 10% PERMISSION Witness to Murder : 3,6 % Exposure to Random Shootings, Terrorism, Riots: 14,5% DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO NOT CITE WITHOUT AUTHOR S

23 Results % of youth experiencing at least one victimization type in each category of crimes Total Conventionals 9,5 12,7 21,8 30,9 75 Maltreatment 7,7 5 6,8 19,5 39,1 Sexual - 3,2 4,6 11,8 19,5 Peers 11,8 11, ,6 68,2 Witness/Exposure 7,3 6,4 21,4 30,9 65,9 DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO NOT CITE WITHOUT AUTHOR S PERMISSION

24 DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO NOT Co-occurence CITE WITHOUT AUTHOR S PERMISSION Victimization % of differents incidents of : Any other Conv. Sexual Malt. Peers Witness/ exposure Conv. 97,6 24, ,4 76,4 Sexual ,3 58,1 83,7 88,4 Malt ,6 29,1 76,6 74,4 Peers 95,3 87, Witness/ exposure 96,6 86,9 26,2 44,1 76,6 * Any other = % victimized in another area

25 Polyvictimization Finkelhor et al. (2005) Polyvictimization: four different forms (separate incidents) of victimization within a year American sample (n= 2030) 22 % were polyvictims 7 % were high polyvictims (7 +)

26 Polyvictimization in the clinical sample Total None 4,1 2,7 0,9 1,8 9, ,5 7,3 10,5 9,1 37,3 4-6 (low) 4,5 5,5 10,5 7,7 28,2 7+(High) 0,9 1,8 5,5 16,8 25 DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO NOT CITE WITHOUT AUTHOR S PERMISSION

27 DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO NOT Polyvictimization-by age CITE WITHOUT AUTHOR S PERMISSION 20 None low poly (4-6) 1-3 events high poly(7+) 15 % y.o y.o y.o y.o.

28 Polyvictimization Polyvictimization is very common (53,2 %) DRAFT, among the clinical UNPUBLISHED sample Separate, different victimization incidents: RESULTS-DO NOT CITE Mean: 4,78; Median: 4; Mode: 3 Polyvictimized children: WITHOUT AUTHOR S 76,1 %: 12 y.o. and over 65 %: white PERMISSION 12 % live with both parents 15,4 % foster family; 29,1 % in RC, 29,9% mother 64,8 % : family income under $

29 Comparing results: American & Clinical sample (QC) American Sample Clinical Sample Assault 53 % 73,2 % Malt. 13,8 % 39,1 % Sexual 8,2 % 19,5 % Property 27,3 % 62,3 % Witness 35,7 % 65,9 % Poly. 22 % 53,2 % The clinical sample: Approximately twice the rate for property, witness & sexual Almost 3 times for maltreatment, and polyvictimization

30 Discussion Limitations Small sample, not representative 41,8 % of the children and youths were in foster care or reception center 62,7 % were teenagers (12-17) DRAFT, UNPUBLISHED RESULTS-DO NOT CITE WITHOUT AUTHOR S PERMISSION

31 Comparative research Discussion Clinical samples in Québec and Canada (EIQ, EIC) Finkelhor et al. (2005, 2007) : general population of children and youths in USA Research using the JVQ are developping in other countries Measuring victimization, recent trauma symptoms (TSCC & TSCYC) and delinquency: General population of children and youths in Québec (Chamberland et al., ) General population of children and youths in Canada