Groups with Protected Characteristics

Transcription

1 Groups with Protected Characteristics Briefing Paper 2014/05 RESEARCH AND INFORMATION

2 Research and Information Briefing Paper 2014/05 Groups with Protected Characteristics This briefing paper gives an indication of gender statistics and compares the position of men and women and boys and girls in Aberdeen. It looks at a range of factors: for example, population, household & families, education & training, labour market & earnings, organisational gender gap, transport, crime and justice, participation in political life and health. If you would like further information, please contact: Annina Cavelti Kee Research Officer Research and Information Team Corporate Governance Aberdeen City Council Business Hub 18 Fourth Floor West Marischal College Broad Street Aberdeen AB10 1AB acaveltikee@aberdeencity.gov.uk This report and other statistical reports can be found in the Stats and Facts section of the Aberdeen City Council website: We value your comments/feedback and would appreciate if you could provide your comments on this paper by clicking the following link: 1 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

3 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen 1. Introduction 1.1 The Equality Act 2010 brings together a number of separate pieces of legislation into a single act. The majority of the Equality Act 2010 came into force on 1 October 2010, providing protection from discrimination on the basis of protected characteristics. The Act covers the following groups that were protected by existing equality legislation: Age Disability Gender identity and gender reassignment Marriage and civil partnership Pregnancy and maternity Race Religion or belief Sex Sexual orientation 1.2 The purpose of this briefing paper is to provide background information on the above protected characteristics groups. For some groups, such as age and sex, a great deal of statistical information is available; while there is very little for others, particularly gender identity and gender reassignment. 2. Age 2.1 The latest (2013) population estimate for Aberdeen is 227,130. This comprises 4% of the overall Scottish population and is the eighth highest population total in the country, out of Scotland s 32 Council areas. 2.2 Compared with the Scottish average, a relatively high proportion of Aberdeen s population is in the and age groups 46.4% in total compared with the Scottish average of 37.5%. In contrast, the city has lower proportions of school age children (5-15) and people aged 45 and over. 2 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

4 Figure 2.1 Age structure of the population, 2013 Age Group Aberdeen Scotland Population % of Total % of Total , % 5.5% , % 7.3% , % 4.3% , % 11.7% , % 25.8% , % 27.4% , % 9.8% , % 7.9% Total 227, % 100% Source: National Records of Scotland, 2013 mid year population estimate 2.3 A population pyramid of Aberdeen s estimated population from mid is shown below. It can be seen how the city attracts students and young workers in the age group. Following this is a net loss of people aged This may be due to young families moving to larger properties in Aberdeenshire, where house prices have historically been lower. Figure 2.2 Population of Aberdeen, mid-2013 Source: National Records of Scotland 3 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

5 2.4 Every two years National Records of Scotland produce a set of council area population projections. The latest (2012-based) projections indicate that Aberdeen s population will rise from 224,970 to 288,788 between 2012 and 2037, an increase of 28.3% - see Figure 2.3. There is projected to be a significant rise in the number of people in the older age groups, with the 75+ population increasing by 70% during the projection period. Following a period of decline in the number of children in Aberdeen in recent years, the latest projections indicate an increase of 58.8% in the city s primary school age population (5-11 years) and a 60.4% increase in the population of statutory secondary school age (12-15) in the period to Figure 2.3 Population projection, Age Group Aberdeen Scotland % Change % Change ,189 14, % -0.9% ,100 20, % +10.8% ,614 12, % +4.9% ,881 35, % -6.6% ,259 81, % +0.2% ,761 72, % -6.5% ,152 24, % +36.9% ,014 27, % +86.0% Total 224, , % +8.7% Source: National Records of Scotland, 2012-based population projections 2.5 More detailed information on Aberdeen s population can be found in Population Report, Aberdeen City and Shire (Ref 2014/03), a briefing paper that can be downloaded from the Stats and Facts page of the Aberdeen City Council website: 3. Disability 3.1 The 2011 census included a question which asked respondents if their day-to-day activities were limited because of a health problem or disability which had lasted, or was expected to last, at least 12 months. The data shows that 16% of Aberdeen s population live with a limiting disability or illness. 3.2 Looking at the male and female population the picture is more or less the same. 14.5% of men and 17.4% of women live with a limitation. Not surprisingly the older people get the more likely they have a limitation due to illness or disability. Apart from the age group 0-15 women are more likely to have a limitation than men. 4 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

6 Figure 3.1: Long-term health problem or disability by gender and age, 2011 Day to Day to Day to Total % of age Gender / day day day people group Age activities activities activities in with a group limited a limited a not numbers limitation lot little limited All 222,793 15,663 19, , % people , , % ,102 1,177 2,807 70, % ,978 2,263 3,050 39, % ,547 3,898 4,763 30, % 65 and 32,031 7,876 8,500 15, % over Males 110,122 6,981 9,000 94, % , , % , ,330 35, % ,881 1,135 1,376 26, % ,019 1,900 2,220 15, % 65 and over 13,489 3,010 3,526 6, % Females 112,671 8,682 10,956 93, % , , % , ,477 34, % ,097 1,128 1,674 19, % ,528 1,998 2,543 14, % 65 and over 18,542 4,866 4,974 8, % Source: Scotland Census 2011 National Records of Scotland, Table DC31001SC 3.3 Questions on long-standing illnesses, health problems and disabilities are also asked in the Scottish Household Survey. The 2012 results show that 25% of households in Aberdeen included someone in that category. There was an inverse link to income, with 37% of households with an annual income of up to 15,000 including someone with a long-standing illness, health problem or disability, compared with 16% of households with an annual income of over 30, Households defined as older smaller and single pensioner are most likely to include someone with a long-standing illness, health problem or disability. The types of households with the lowest proportions are small family, single parent and large family. The proportion of households in Aberdeen that include someone with a long-standing illness, health problem or disability is lower than the Scottish average, 25% compared to 34%. 5 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

7 Figure 3.2: Households where someone has a long-standing illness, health problem or disability, 2012 Household type Aberdeen Scotland Single adult/ small adult/ large adult 20% 29% Single parent/ small family/ large family 12% 22% Older smaller/ single pensioner 47% 52% Total 25% 34% Base ,640 * An older smaller household contains one adult of working age and one of pensionable age and no children, or two adults of pensionable age and no children. A small adult household contains two adults of working age and no children A large family household contains three or more adults and no children Source: Scottish Household Survey 4. Gender identity and gender reassignment 4.1 There is very little information on gender identity and gender reassignment, especially local data. For further information on national data please consult the following website: ransgender 5. Marriage or civil partnership 5.1 National Records of Scotland (NRS) collects statistics on marriages and civil partnerships. These statistics cover all marriages that were registered as having taken place in Scotland, regardless of the usual residence of the people involved. A number of couples who are resident in Scotland go abroad to be married; these marriages are not included in the NRS statistics. 5.2 The Civil Partnership Act 2004 came into force on 5 December 2005 enabling same-sex couples aged 16 and over to obtain legal recognition of their relationship. NRS statistics cover all civil partnerships that were registered as having taken place in Scotland, regardless of the usual residence of the people involved. 5.3 A limited amount of statistical information on marriages is published at local authority level. The latest figures (2012) show 904 marriages in Aberdeen; this was an increase on both the 2010 and 2011 totals. 21 civil partnerships were registered which is also an increase since Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

8 Figure 5.1 Marriages and civil partnerships, Aberdeen Marriages Civil partnerships Male Female Source: National Records of Scotland, Vital Events 6. Pregnancy and maternity 6.1 There has been a noticeable increase in the number of births in Aberdeen in recent years. Between 2001 and 2012, the number rose from 2,097 to 2,688, an increase of 28.2%. It is the highest increase in Scotland ahead of Edinburgh (24.9%) and more than double the Scottish average (10.5%). Figure 6.1 No. of Births in Aberdeen Source: National Records of Scotland 6.2 In recent years there has been a steady increase in the number of births to non-uk born mothers. In 2004, that group of mothers accounted for just under 300 births in Aberdeen, out of a total of 2,075 births. By 2012, the number of births to non-uk mothers had risen to 929 see Figure 6.2. In the period from 2004 to 2012, the proportion of births to non-uk born mothers rose from 14% of all births to 35%. 7 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

9 Figure 6.2 Births to non-uk born mothers in Aberdeen Source: National Records of Scotland Births to non-uk born mothers % of all births 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 6.3 Although the number of births to UK-born mothers remained very constant between 2004 and 2012, the overall number of births rose by a quarter in that period. The main increase was to mothers born in EU countries (excluding the UK and Ireland). That group which includes the A8 states* accounted for 12.9% of the births in 2012, compared to 2.1% in There was also a noticeable increase in births to mothers born in Africa. 8 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

10 Figure 6.3 Births in Aberdeen, 2004 and 2012 Origin of mother 2004 Births % of all Births 2012 Births % of all Births All Births 2, % 2, % UK 1, % 1, % Ireland 9 0.4% % Other EU countries % % Australia, NZ, Canada % % India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan % % Africa % % West Indies, Belize, Guyana n/a n/a Other Commonwealth n/a n/a Other Countries % % Source: National Records of Scotland * The A8 states are Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia. 7. Race 7.1 At the time of the 2011 Census, over 8% of Aberdeen s population was from a minority (non-white) ethnic group, compared with 1.5% in The white population (91.1% of the 2001 population) was slightly less than the Scottish average of 98.0%. Ethnic groups from the Indian Sub- Continent (i.e. India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) made up 2.2% of Aberdeen s population, while people of Chinese origin made up 1.0%. 9 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

11 Figure 7.1 Ethnicity, 2011 Aberdeen Scotland Ethnic Group No. % % White 204, % 96.0% Scottish 167, % 84.0% Other British 16, % 7.4% Any other white background 20, % 4.2% Asian 9, % 2.6% Indian/Pakistani/Bangladeshi 5, % 1.6% Chinese 2, % 0.6% Any other Asian background 2, % 0.4% African 5, % 0.1% African, African Scottish or African British 5, % 0.1% Other African % <0.1% Caribbean or Black % 0.1% Caribbean, Caribbean Scottish or Caribbean British % 0.1% Black, Black Scottish or Black British % <0.1% Other Caribbean 78 <0.1% <0.1% Mixed backgrounds 1, % 0.4% Other ethnic groups 1, % 0.3% Arab, Arab Scottish or Arab British % 0.2% Other ethnic groups % 0.1% Mixed background 1, % 0.4% Other ethnic groups All people 227, % 100% Source: 2011 Census, Table KS201SC 8. Religion or belief 8.1 Questions about religion were included for the first time in the 2001 Census. The intention was to use the results to inform the development and monitoring of anti-discrimination policies % of Aberdeen s population reported having a religion in the 2011 Census; a lower proportion than the Scottish average of 56.1%. Of those that had a religion, the majority stated that they were Christian. Over 8,556 people said they belonged to a non-christian religion. 10 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

12 Figure 8.1 Current religion 2011 Aberdeen Scotland No. % % Church of Scotland 56, % 32.4% Roman Catholic 19, % 15.9% Other Christian 15, % 5.5% Buddhist % 0.2% Hindu 2, % 0.3% Jewish % 0.1% Muslim 4, % 1.4% Sikh % 0.2% Another religion % 0.3% All religions 99, % 56.1% No religion 107, % 36.7% Not answered 15, % 7.0% All no religion / Not answered 123, % 43.4% Total 222, % 100% Source: 2011 Census, Table KS209SCb 9. Sex 9.1 There are more women than men in Aberdeen, 114,539 compared to 112,537 according to the mid-2013 population estimate. But women comprise a lower proportion of the Aberdeen population (50.4%) than in Scotland overall (51.3%). 9.1 Aberdeen s Population by Gender, mid-2013 Gender Aberdeen Scotland Population % of Total % of Total Male 112, % 48.4% Female 114, % 51.3% Total 227, % 100% Source: National Records of Scotland, mid-2013 population estimates 9.2 Every two years National Records of Scotland produce a set of council area population projections. The latest (2012-based) projections indicate that Aberdeen s population will rise from 224,970 to 288,788 between 2012 and 2037, an increase of 28.4%. The male population is projected to increase at a slightly higher rate than the female population, 28.8% compared to 27.9%. That will bring the male:female ratio to 49.7% male to 50.3% female by the end of the projection period. 11 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

13 Figure 9.2: Population projection, Aberdeen Scotland % Change % Change Male 111, , % +10.0% Female 113, , % +7.5% Total 224, , % +8.7% Source: National Records of Scotland, 2012-based population projections 9.3 In Aberdeen, employment rates for males are significantly higher than for females. In the year ending September 2013, the rates were 82.5% for males compared to 73.1% for females. Although female employment rates are relatively high in Aberdeen, the gender gap in the year ending September 2013 was 9.4%. Figure 9.3 Employment Rates, Aberdeen 100.0% 95.0% 90.0% 85.0% 80.0% 75.0% 70.0% 65.0% 60.0% 55.0% 50.0% Aberdeen Male Aberdeen Female Scotland Male Scotland Female Source: Annual Population Survey/Nomis 9.4 Figure 9.4 shows the trend in unemployment rate for women and men in Aberdeen since The percentages of male claimants are higher than female claimants. In September 2013, there were 2.0% male claimants compared with 1.1% female claimants. 12 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

14 Figure 9.4 Unemployment claimants in Aberdeen Male Female Total Jan-07 May-07 Sep-07 Jan-08 May-08 Sep-08 Jan-09 May-09 Sep-09 Jan-10 May-10 Sep-10 Jan-11 May-11 Sep-11 Jan-12 May-12 Sep-12 Jan-13 May-13 Sep-13 Source: Nomis, Office for National Statistics 9.5 The following information has been extracted from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE). It relates to the gross median hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of full-time employees. The figures are based on an employee s place of work, rather than his/her place of residence. Employee earnings in Aberdeen are the highest of Scotland s 32 local authority areas. The provisional 2013 hourly figure of is higher than the overall Scottish average of Male earnings are the second highest in Scotland to Edinburgh, while female earnings are the highest. Figure 9.5 Earnings in Aberdeen 2013 Council Area All Employees Males Females Aberdeen Dundee Edinburgh Glasgow Scotland Source: ASHE 2013 (provisional), Table 7.6a 9.6 The earnings gap between full-time male and female employees in Aberdeen was 1.24 per hour in That is significantly more than the Scottish average. Full-time female employees in Aberdeen earned 92% of their equivalent male earnings in Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

15 Figure 9.6 Gender gap of the labour force Council Area Difference in hourly earnings Female earnings as % of Male earnings Aberdeen % Dundee % Edinburgh % Glasgow % Scotland % Source: ASHE 2013 (provisional), Table 7.6a 9.7 The earnings gap between male and female employees in Aberdeen narrowed since However, the longer term trend shows that the gender pay gap has been fairly consistent over the period since Figure 9.7 Gross hourly earnings, excluding overtime full-time employees Source: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) Life Expectancy 9.8 Life expectancy at birth in Aberdeen for 2012 is 77.2 years for males and 81.2 years for females, based on data. This is slightly higher than the Scottish averages of 76.6 and 80.8 years respectively. Compared with 10 years ago, life expectancy at birth has improved considerably for males and females. 14 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

16 Figure 9.8 Life expectancy at birth Council Area Males Females Males Females Aberdeen Dundee Edinburgh Glasgow Scotland Source: National Records of Scotland 10. Sexual Orientation 10.1 Very little reliable data is available on the size of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual population in Aberdeen or Scotland. However, in its impact assessment for the Civil Partnership Act 2004, the DTI offered an estimate of 5%-7%. That was based on the findings of a number of different and disparate sources. Applying the DTI proportion to Aberdeen would give a LGB population of around 13, The Scottish Household Statistics provides some data (see Figure 10.1). However, the number of people asked is fairly small. The data should therefore be treated with caution. 15 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

17 Figure 10.1: Self-identified sexual orientation by gender, 2012 Aberdeen Male Female All Heterosexual/ Straight Gay/ Lesbian 2-1 Bisexual Other Refused/ prefer not to say Total Base Scotland Male Female All Heterosexual/ Straight Gay/ Lesbian Bisexual Other Refused/ prefer not to say Total Base 4,410 5,490 9,890 Source: Scottish Household Survey According to Stonewall Scotland (an organisation promoting equality and justice for gay men, lesbians and bisexuals in Scotland) the government estimates suggest that between 5-7% of the Scottish population is gay, lesbian or bisexual and about 1% is transsexual The Office for National Statistics (ONS) produces the Integrated Household Survey for the United Kingdom. In its latest publication the statistics show that for the period January - December 2012 the number of people who self identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual in Scotland was 1.4%. Output from the Integrated Household Survey is designated as experimental statistics Consultation with potential users of the 2011 census results indicated a strong interest in information on sexual orientation, mainly as a benchmark for equality monitoring. Despite that interest, a question was not included because of the effect on individual privacy (particularly since the census is a compulsory survey completed by the head of the household, rather than a voluntary survey completed individually). 16 Groups with Protected Characteristics, Aberdeen

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