African-American Timeline

Transcription

1 African-American Timeline

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5 1619 The first African Americans arrive in Jamestown, Virginia, 20 indentured servants.

6 1641 Massachusetts the first colony to make slavery legal.

7 1731 Black inventor and scientist, Benjamin Banneker, was born in Ellicott s Mills, Maryland.

8 Benjamin Banneker

9 1760 Jupiter Hammon, a New York slave who was probably the first black poet, published An Evening Thought: Salvation by Christ, with Penetential Cries

10 1770 Quakers opened a school for blacks in Philadelphia

11 1773 Massachusetts slaves petition the legislature for freedom.

12 1775 First abolitionist society in the United States is organized in Philadelphia

13 1776 The Declaration of Independence was adopted July 4.

14 1777 Vermont became the first American colony to abolish slavery. Other Northern states followed over the next two decades.

15 1794 Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin, making cotton king and increasing the demand for slave labor.

16 Cotton Gin Invented in 1793 and patented in 1794 by Eli Whitney Made cotton a large scale agricultural crop Enabled slavery to remain economically viable for the next 70 years

17 1797 Sojourner Truth, a nationally known advocate for equality and justice, was born a slave in Hurley, New York.

18 Sojourner Truth Sojourner Truth was born Isabella Baumfree in 1797 in upstate New York. She was one of 13 children born to slave parents.

19 1810 First insurance company managed by blacks is established in Philadelphia.

20 1817 Frederick Douglass, one of the foremost leaders of the abolitionist movement, was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland. He published the antislavery paper called the North Star and is recognized as one of Americas first great black speakers.

21 Frederick Douglass

22 1827 Freedom s Journal, the first African-American owned and operated newspaper in the US, is published in New York City.

23 1830 The first national black convention meets in Philadelphia, with 38 delegates from 8 states.

24 1831 The first issue of the abolitionist journal, the Liberator, is published by William Lloyd Garrison.

25 1833 The American Anti-Slavery Society is organized.

26 1845 Macon B. Allen becomes the first black lawyer regularly admitted to the bar of any state

27 1847 Frederick Douglass publishes the first issue of his newspaper, the North Star.

28 1849 Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery in Maryland. She returned to the South 19 times and brought out more that 300 slaves.

29 Harriet Tubman Among slaves she was known as Moses. Her maiden name was Araminta Ross.

30 Fugitives hid in the secret compartment of the cupboard in this Gettysburg, Pennsylvania house. Closed Open

31 1852 Uncle Tom s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe is published. It focused national attention on the cruelty of slavery and stirred white women to join the fight against slavery.

32 1853 William Wells Brown publishes Clotel, the first novel by a black American, a narrative of slave life in the United States

33 1856 Booker T. Washington - born a slave in Franklin, County, Virginia just before the US Civil War. Author and Public Speaker He tenaciously pursued education In 1881 he established the Tuskegee Institute

34 Booker T. Washington Lifting the Veil of Ignorance He lifted the veil of ignorance from his people and pointed the way to progress through education and industry Sculpture and Inscription by Charles Keck s

35 1857 Dred Scott decision by the Supreme court opens Northern territory to slavery and denies citizenship to American blacks

36 1858 William Wells Brown publishes The Escape, the first play by a black American.

37 1859 The last slave ship, the Clothilde, lands shipment of slaves at Mobile Bay, Alabama.

38 1860 Abraham Lincoln is elected President. He would later issue the Emancipation Proclamation which freed the slaves in rebel states.

39 Abraham Lincoln delcared in the Emancipation Proclamation "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

40 1862 Congress abolishes slavery in Washington.

41 1863 Emancipation Proclamation frees slaves in rebel states, with the exception of Louisiana, West Virginia and Virginia. It does not apply to slaves in border states.

42 Emancipation Proclamation

43 1865 Thirteenth Amendment Abolishes Slavery The black man is free!

44 1867 Fourteenth Amendment Bill of Rights - prevents states from depriving individuals of federally guaranteed rights. The black man is a citizen.

45 1870 Fifteenth Amendment Right to vote to all men of all races

46 1875 Civil Rights Bill Blacks have the right to equal treatment in inns, public transportation, etc.

47 1883 Supreme Court declares the Civil Rights Bill of 1875 unconstitutional.

48 1895 Frederick Douglass dies

49 1900 On July 18, William H. Carney was the first African American to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor for his bravery during the Battle of Fort Wagner, SC (July 18,1863).

50 William H. Carney

51 1909 NAACP founded on February 12, the 100th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln s birth.

52 1911 The National Urban league is formed.

53 1913 Harriet Tubman dies.

54 1915 Booker T. Washington dies.

55 1925 Malcolm Little (Malcolm X) born on May 19 on Omaha, Nebraska Medgar Evers, civil rights activist, born July 2, Decatur, Mississippi

56 Malcolm X Medgar Evers

57 1927 Duke Ellington opens at the Cotton Club in Harlem.

58 1929 Martin Luther King, Jr. Born on January 15 in Atlanta

59 Martin Luther King, Jr.

60 1936 Jesse Owens wins four gold medals at the Olympics.

61 Jesse Owens

62 1937 Joe Louis becomes heavyweight boxing champion.

63 1941 United States enters World War II First U.S. Army flying school for black cadets dedicated at Tuskegee.

64 Tuskegee Airmen

65 1942 John H. Johnson publishes the first issue of Negro Digest.

66 1944 United Negro College Fund incorporates

67 Brooklyn Dodgers sign Jackie Robinson 1945

68 1948 President Truman issues an Executive Order directing equality of treatment and opportunity in the armed forces.

69 1950 Gwendolyn Brooks receives Pulitzer Prize for poetry Ralph Bunche receives Nobel Prize for his successful mediation of the Palestine conflict.

70 NOBEL (BLACK AMERICANS) BUNCHE, RALPH J. ( ). Am. diplomat. Under-Secretary General of the U.N. and Secretary for Special Political Affairs. He served as Chief U.N. negotiator in Palestine (1948) and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in Later helped mediate disputes in the Suez Canal region (1956), Congo (1960), Yemen (1963) and Cyprus (1964). TLS, 8vo, U.N. letterhead, 22 July, 1958, sending autograph. Approximately 2/3rds of the blank left portion of the letter is torn away. Sold for signature value. Choice signature.

71 Gwendolyn Brooks Ralph Bunche

72 1951 John H. Johnson founds Jet magazine.

73 1952 University of Tennessee admits first black student

74 1954 Supreme Court s landmark decision in Brown vs. Board of Education declares segregation in public schools unconstitutional

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76 1955 Marian Anderson debuts at the metropolitan Opera House, the first black singer in the company s history.

77 Marian Anderson

78 1955 Rosa Parks is arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus, on December 1.

79 1959 The first Broadway play by a black woman, Lorraine Hansberry, opens.

80 1963 Medgar Evers is assassinated on June 12 March on Washington largest civil rights demonstration in history

81 1964 Martin Luther King, Jr. receives Nobel Peace Prize on December 10. Malcolm X assassinated

82 1967 Thurgood Marshall named first black Supreme Court Justice

83 1968 Martin Luther King, Jr. assassinated in Memphis on April 4

84 1988 Jackie Joyner-Kersee won the Olympic Gold Medal in the heptathlon with 7,291 points, setting a new world record. She also won the Gold in the long jump, setting an Olympic record distance of 24 feet 3 1/2 inches.

85 Jackie Joyner-Kersee Arguably the best all-around athlete of the century

86 Langston Hughes February 1, May 27, 1967 The most famous African American writer of his generation. (Library of Congress) Poet and author Translator and Correspondent

87 Langston Hughes