WM2012 Conference, February 26 March 1, 2012, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
|
|
- Daisy Bryant
- 1 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Characterization of Two Different Clay Materials by Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dilatometry (DIL) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) Ekkehard Post* and Jack B. Henderson** NETZSCH Geraetebau GmbH, Wittelsbacherstrasse 42, Selb, Germany NETZSCH Instruments North America, LLC, 129 Middlesex Turnpike, Burlington, MA ABSTRACT An illitic clay containing higher amounts of organic materials was investigated by dilatometry, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetric. The evolved gases were studied during simultaneous TG-DSC (STA) and dilatometer measurements with simultaneous mass spectrometry in inert gas and oxidizing atmosphere. The dilatometer results were compared with the STA-MS results which confirmed and explained the reactions found during heating of the clay, like dehydration, dehydroxylation, shrinkage, sintering, quartz phase transition, combustion or pyrolysis of organics and the solid state reactions forming meta-kaolinite and mullite. The high amount of organic material effects in inert gas atmosphere most probably a reduction of the oxides which leads to a higher mass loss than in oxidizing atmosphere. Due to this reduction an additional CO 2 emission at around 1000 C was detected which did not occur in oxidizing atmosphere. Furthermore TG-MS results of a clay containing alkali nitrates show that during heating, in addition to water and CO 2, NO and NO 2 are also evolved, leading to additional mass loss steps. INTRODUCTION For the intermediate or long term storage of nuclear waste materials, different approaches have been considered by several countries. Under investigation are salt stocks (i.e. Germany), volcanite tuff formations (i.e. Yucca Mountain, USA) and clay formations (i.e. Switzerland). Clay deposits are considered as nuclear repositories because of their low permeability to water and their good ability to retain radionuclides by physico-chemical adsorption [1]. Clay deposits can of course contain the appropriate clay minerals, like kaolinite or montmorillonite minerals, but other minerals like quartz, micas, etc. as well, along with organic material. Most of the thermal analysis investigations on clays were performed mainly because of interest in them for ceramic production [2, 3, 4]. Thermal analysis methods such as dilatometry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry are very powerful tools for investigating the thermal behavior of such multi-mineral mixtures. Adding mass spectrometry for the analysis of the evolved gases during heating greatly increases the information acquired. These methods were applied to a western German illitic clay and a surrogate clay material impregnated with alkali nitrates. 1
2 ANALYTICAL APPROACH The thermal expansion of the clay raw material was measured with a NETZSCH TMA 402 F1 Hyperion in a synthetic air atmosphere with a flow rate of 60 ml/min. The powder sample was placed in a standard DSC alumina crucible (6 mm diameter). Placed on the top of the sample material an alumina plate was arranged which fitted in the crucible to support the push rod of the TMA. A heating rate of 5 K/min was applied. For the analysis of the evolved gases a NETZSCH Aeolos QMS 403 mass spectrometer was connected via a heated capillary to the heated adapter head of the TMA outlet. The temperature of the transfer parts and the MS inlet was set to 300 C. The sample length was 2 mm. The STA-MS measurements were performed with a NETZSCH STA 449 F1 Jupiter coupled with NETZSCH Aeolos QMS 403. The samples were measured in Pt crucibles with lids in the temperature range RT to 1200 C at a heating rate of 10 K/min. The sample weight was approx. 35 mg. The clay was measured in nitrogen and synthetic air atmospheres. RESULTS and DISCUSSION Illitic Clay Figure 1 shows the TMA curve of the clay sample together with the intensities of mass number 18 and 44 representing water and carbon dioxide in the room temperature (RT) to 1000 C temperature range. After a small shrinkage at around 160 C the sample expands again until about 485 C (extrapolated onset) where a further shrinkage of 5% starts. After this the sample expands again due the low-high temperature transition at 575 C of the crystalline quartz amounts in the sample. The onset of sintering of the clay was detected at about 941 C (extrapolated). As can be seen, the shrinkage steps at 150 C and 500 C are correlated with the dehydration and dehydroxylation of the clay (MS water peaks at 149 C and 498 C). During the CO 2 emission at 337 C, which is due to oxidation of organic impurities, no corresponding shrinkage effect in the TMA curve was found. Figure 2 shows the TG, TMA and DSC curves of the sample. The TG curve proves that the two shrinkage steps before 800 C were correlated with the mass loss of the sample. Also clearly seen is the burnout of the organics at about 310 C, which is combined with a mass loss of about 0.7 wt% and an exothermic enthalpy of about -85 J/g. The phase transition of the quartz is detected as an endothermic peak at 573 C with an enthalpy of 2 J/g. During sintering of the sample, the exothermic solid state reaction to meta-kaolinite/mullite also occurs (exothermic DSC peak at 964 C and approx. -32 J/g). 2
3 dl/lo /% TG C Clay in air C C C C -5 % 0.17 % C H2O CO Ion Current *10-9 /A [3] Figure 1. Thermal expansion curve and mass spectrometer curves of CO 2 and H 2 O dl/lo /% TG C 7.3 J/g Clay % % J/g in air 31 C C J/g C 2.0 J/g exo C J/g C DSC /(mw/mg) TG /% Figure 2. TG, DSC and thermal expansion curve of the illitic clay 3
4 Figure 3 depicts a comparison of the TG, DSC and mass spectrometer curves of CO 2 of the clay measured in air atmosphere (black curves) and nitrogen (red curves). Of course in inert gas atmosphere the organics only decompose and could not combust due to the lack of oxygen. Therefore the mass loss up to 800 C is wt% less in nitrogen. During the solid state reaction at 942 C (extrapolated onset) a weight loss of wt% was detected for the measurement in inert gas. Most probably some of the oxides were reduced by the remaining carbon from the pyrolysis of the organic impurities. The CO 2 formed during this reaction was detected by the mass spectrometer measurement. TG /% DSC in air C C C in N2 Clay CO DSC /(mw/m g) Ion Current *10-10 /A % C exo Figure 3. TG, DSC and mass spectrometer curves of CO 2 of the clay measured in air and inert gas atmosphere Clay contaminated with alkali nitrates The vermiculite rich clay used in this investigation contained alkali and earth alkali nitrates. During the linear heating at 10 K/min in He atmosphere water, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide were detected (Figure 4). The water was released between RT and about 400 C, and the nitrogen dioxide shows two intensity maxima at about 180 C and 497 C. The nitrogen oxide emission starts at around 300 C and shows maximum intensity at 658 C. The CO 2 amount is very small. Most probably there are some impurities of organic material, hydro carbonates or carbonates. Even during storage in an air atmosphere, some carbonates could be formed due to the small grain size of the material. 4
5 TG /% % C H2O C -9.4 % CO C NO2 NO % C % -7.8 % Ion Current *10-10 /A [2] Figure 4. TG curve and mass spectrometer curves of H 2 O, NO, CO 2 and NO 2 CONCLUSIONS These types of clays showed water loss starting around 100 C or even earlier. This relative small mass loss affects only less shrinkage during the expansion of the sample. The dehydroxylation and the high crystalline quartz content result in considerable shrinkage and expansion of the clay. During the usual solid state reaction where the clay structure collapses, the remaining material finally shrinks down to a so-called clinker. With the help of MS the TG steps can be better interpreted as the evolved gases are identified. With the help of the MS it is possible to distinguish between CO 2 and water (carbonate decomposition, oxidation of organics or dehydration/dehydroxylation). The MS also clearly shows that mass number 44 is found during the TG step of the illitic clay at about 900 C in inert gas, which was interpreted as oxidation of pyrolytic carbon by reducing oxides. Additionally, without MS results, the mass loss steps of the nitrate contaminated clay could hardly be interpreted. REFERENCES [1] P. Delage, Y.J. Cui, A. M. Tang Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2010, 2 (2): [2] Rex W. Grimshaw The Chemistry and Physics of Clays and Other Ceramic Materials, John Wiley & Sons, New York,
6 [3] Robert C. Mackenzie The Differential Thermal Investigation of Clays, Alden Press Ltd. Oxford, 1966 [4] W. Smykatz-Kloss Differential Thermal Analysis, Applications and Results in Mineralogy, Springer Verlag Berlin
Table of content. L81/RITA high speed Thermo Balance. Quattro Dilatometer. L75/1250/B/S Macro Dilatometer. New air cooled furnace program
THERMAL TRENDS 2 Table of content L75/SDC simultaneous-dilatometer/calorimeter L75/SDD simultaneous Dilatometer/DTA L81/RITA high speed Thermo Balance Quattro Dilatometer L75/1250/B/S Macro Dilatometer
Bridging the analytical gap
Bridging the analytical gap Thermal analysis provides perfect tools for the characterization of all kinds of organic and inorganic solids or liquids. Thermodynamic transitions, thermal stability, decomposition
Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSC
Analyzing & Testing Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSC Technique, Instrument, Applications DSC 3500 Sirius DSC 3500 Sirius Principle of Operation Differential Scanning Calorimetry Differential Scanning
Weight Loss Determined from Mass Spectrometry Trend Data in a Thermogravimetric/Mass Spectrometer System
Weight Loss Determined from Mass Spectrometry Trend Data in a Thermogravimetric/Mass Spectrometer System Carlton G. Slough TA Instruments, 109 Lukens Drive, New Castle DE 19720, USA ABSTRACT The use of
DSC Differential Scanning Calorimeter
DSC Differential Scanning Calorimeter Introduction The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is the most popular thermal analysis technique to measure endothermic and exothermic transitions as a function
DSC823 e Module. Differential scanning calorimetry for all requirements
DSC823 e Module Differential scanning calorimetry for all requirements METTLER TOLEDO DSC823 e Measuring module Unmatched DSC Sensitivity with the MultiSTAR DSC Sensors Differential scanning calorimetry
Dielectric Analysis Permittivity and dielectric loss 100. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis Mechanical strength and energy loss 200
Relative Signal Technique Property Measured Change at Tg Differential Scanning Calorimetry Heat flow (heat capacity) 0.2 Thermomechanical Analysis Expansion coefficient or softening 3 Dielectric Analysis
TGA/SDTA851 e Module. Thermal Analysis. Technical data Quality Service
Thermal Analysis Technical data Quality Service Temperature data: Temperature range Room temperature 1100 ºC / 1600 ºC Temperature accuracy ± 0.25 ºC (SF), ±0.3 ºC (LF1100) ±0.5 ºC (LF1600) Temperature
DETERMINING THE ENTHALPY OF FORMATION OF CaCO 3
DETERMINING THE ENTHALPY OF FORMATION OF CaCO 3 Standard Enthalpy Change Standard Enthalpy Change for a reaction, symbolized as H 0 298, is defined as The enthalpy change when the molar quantities of reactants
IUCLID 5 COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: IRON ORES, AGGLOMERATES [EINECS NUMBER 265 996 3, CAS NUMBER 65996 65 8] IRON ORE PELLETS
IUCLID 5 COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS GUIDANCE DOCUMENT: IRON ORES, AGGLOMERATES [EINECS NUMBER 265 996 3, CAS NUMBER 65996 65 8] IRON ORE PELLETS INTRODUCTION Each REACH registrant is required to file its
CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME CLAYS USED FOR WHITEWARE CERAMICS II. TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION
STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABE -BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLVII, 1, 2002, 77-84 CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME CLAYS USED FOR WHITEWARE CERAMICS II. TECHNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION MARIA GOREA, MARCEL BENEA 1 ABSTRACT. The
XFA 600 Thermal Diffusivity Thermal Conductivity
XFA 600 Thermal Diffusivity Thermal Conductivity Thermal Diffusivity, Thermal Conductivity Information of the thermo physical properties of materials and heat transfer optimization of final products is
Thermal Analysis. Application Handbook. Thermal Analysis of Polymers Selected Applications
Thermal Analysis Application Handbook Thermal Analysis of Polymers Selected Applications Selected Applications Thermal Analysis Thermal Analysis of Polymers This application handbook presents selected
Characterization of Electronic Materials Using Thermal Analysis
application Note Thermal Analysis Characterization of Electronic Materials Using Thermal Analysis Thermal analysis comprises a series of powerful techniques for the characterization of the thermal, physical,
SDT 2960 Simultaneous DSC-TGA including DTA capabilities
SDT 96 including DTA capabilities : The Technique measures both the heat flows (DSC) and weight changes (TGA) associated with transitions in a material as a function of temperature and time in a controlled
Lecture 35: Atmosphere in Furnaces
Lecture 35: Atmosphere in Furnaces Contents: Selection of atmosphere: Gases and their behavior: Prepared atmospheres Protective atmospheres applications Atmosphere volume requirements Atmosphere sensors
KS3 Science: Chemistry Contents
summary KS3 Science MyWorks Guide Chemistry KS3 Science: Chemistry Mini zes: 40 Super zes: 5 Extension zes: 4 Skills zes: 6 TOTAL 54 What are MyWorks zes? MyWorks zes are short individual learning tasks
Thermal Analysis Option
Thermal Analysis Option The TGA-Sorption System is available in two versions. Each consists of a thermoanalyzer, a humidity generator, and an interface. In the simpler version, the humidified gas produced
TA INSTRUMENTS DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETER (DSC) Insert Nickname Here. Operating Instructions
TA INSTRUMENTS DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETER (DSC) Insert Nickname Here Operating Instructions Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION Safety 2 Sample Preparation 3 2 BACKGROUND Background Information 4 Resources
General Chemistry I (FC, 09-10) Lab #3: The Empirical Formula of a Compound. Introduction
General Chemistry I (FC, 09-10) Introduction A look at the mass relationships in chemistry reveals little order or sense. The ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound, while constant, does not
Determination of the enthalpy of combustion using a bomb calorimeter TEC
Determination of the enthalpy of TEC Related concepts First law of thermodynamics, Hess s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of combustion, enthalpy of formation, heat capacity. Principle The bomb
HFM Heat Flow Meter Thermal Conductivity Analyzer
HFM Heat Flow Meter Thermal Conductivity Analyzer Introduction An insulating material is a material with low thermal conductivity, which in the construction industry, equipment manufacturing, or the production
FULL PAPER Standardization of PCM Characterization via DSC
FULL PAPER Standardization of PCM Characterization via DSC Stefan Gschwander 1, Thomas Haussmann 1, Georg Hagelstein 1, Aran Sole 2, Luisa F. Cabeza 2 Gonzalo Diarce 3, Wolfgang Hohenauer 4, Daniel Lager
Paraffin in Water Emulsion as heat transfer and storage medium
ABSTRACT Paraffin in Water Emulsion as heat transfer and storage medium Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT Osterfelder Strasse 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany Phone:
Determination of the enthalpy of combustion using a bomb calorimeter TEC. Safety precautions
Safety precautions Naphthalene is harmful if swallowed. May cause cancer. Is further very toxic to aquatic organisms and can have long-term harmful effects in bodies of water. Equipment 1 Bomb calorimeter
Standard Free Energies of Formation at 298 K. Average Bond Dissociation Energies at 298 K
1 Thermodynamics There always seems to be at least one free response question that involves thermodynamics. These types of question also show up in the multiple choice questions. G, S, and H. Know what
Thermal diffusivity and conductivity - an introduction to theory and practice
Thermal diffusivity and conductivity - an introduction to theory and practice Utrecht, 02 October 2014 Dr. Hans-W. Marx Linseis Messgeräte GmbH Vielitzer Str. 43 D-95100 Selb / GERMANY www.linseis.com
NAWTEC19-5421 BENEFICIAL USE OF ASH AND CHAR FROM BIOMASS GASIFICATION
Proceedings of the 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference NAWTEC19 May 16-18, 2011, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA NAWTEC19-5421 BENEFICIAL USE OF ASH AND CHAR FROM BIOMASS GASIFICATION Naomi
Austin Peay State University Department of Chemistry CHEM 1111. Empirical Formula of a Compound
Cautions Magnesium ribbon is flammable. Nitric acid (HNO 3 ) is toxic, corrosive and contact with eyes or skin may cause severe burns. Ammonia gas (NH 3 ) is toxic and harmful. Hot ceramic crucibles and
Reliability of Loss on Ignition (LOI) Test for Determining the Unburned Carbon Content in Fly Ash
2015 World of Coal Ash (WOCA) Conference in Nasvhille, TN - May 5-7, 2015 http://www.flyash.info/ Reliability of Loss on Ignition (LOI) Test for Determining the Unburned Carbon Content in Fly Ash Mina
Purity Determinations By Differential Scanning Calorimetry 1
Purity Determinations By Differential Scanning Calorimetry 1 Purpose: Determine the purity of a compound using freezing point depression measurements with a differential scanning calorimeter. Prelab: The
Chem 1A Exam 2 Review Problems
Chem 1A Exam 2 Review Problems 1. At 0.967 atm, the height of mercury in a barometer is 0.735 m. If the mercury were replaced with water, what height of water (in meters) would be supported at this pressure?
MINERALOGY AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME KAOLIN TYPES USED IN THE CERAMIC INDUSTRY
STUDIA UNIVERSITATIS BABEŞ-BOLYAI, GEOLOGIA, XLIX, 1, 2004, 33-39 MINERALOGY AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME KAOLIN TYPES USED IN THE CERAMIC INDUSTRY MARCEL BENEA 1 & MARIA GOREA 2 ABSTRACT. Three
Thermal Analysis Excellence
Thermal Analysis Excellence DSC 3 STAR e System Innovative Technology Versatile Modularity Swiss Quality Differential Scanning Calorimetry for Routine Analysis DSC Excellence Unmatched DSC Performance
Characterization of Polymers Using TGA
application note Characterization of Polymers Using TGA W.J. Sichina, Marketing Manager Introduction Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is one of the members of the family of thermal analysis techniques
Calorimeter: A device in which the heat associated with a specific process is measured.
1 CALORIMETRY p. 661-667 (simple), 673-675 (bomb) Calorimeter: A device in which the heat associated with a specific process is measured. There are two basic types of calorimeters: 1. Constant-pressure
Phase Transitions and Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Phase Transitions and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Overview Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is an inexpensive and rapid method to measure heat capacities of condensed phases. From these measuremenmst,
Chapter 5. Thermochemistry
Chapter 5. Thermochemistry THERMODYNAMICS - study of energy and its transformations Thermochemistry - study of energy changes associated with chemical reactions Energy - capacity to do work or to transfer
GUIDANCE FOR COMPATIBILITY OF FERTILIZER BLENDING MATERIALS
GUIDANCE FOR COMPATIBILITY OF FERTILIZER BLENDING MATERIALS Issue 2014 2 GUIDANCE FOR COMPATIBILITY OF FERTILIZER BLENDING MATERIALS Contents 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. SCOPE 3 3. BLENDING MATERIALS & GENERAL
Analyzing & Testing. Thermal Insulation Materials. Material Characterization, Phase Changes, Thermal Conductivity
Analyzing & Testing Thermal Insulation Materials Material Characterization, Phase Changes, Thermal Conductivity Thermal Insulation Materials Common Types of Insulation Materials Thermal insulation materials
Balancing chemical reaction equations (stoichiometry)
Balancing chemical reaction equations (stoichiometry) This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit
Thermal Analysis Thermophysical Testing, Cure Monitoring, Adiabatic Calorimetry
Thermal Analysis Thermophysical Testing, Cure Monitoring, Adiabatic Calorimetry NETZSCH Analyzing and Testing Since 1962, NETZSCH-Gerätebau GmbH has consistently provided our customers with the latest
Characterization of Polyketone Copolymer by High Speed DSC
application Note Thermal Analysis Authors Wim M. Groenewoud Eerste Hervendreef 32 5232 JK S Hertogenbosh The Netherlands Nik Boer PerkinElmer, Groningen The Netherlands Phil Robinson Thermal Analysis Consultant
INJECTION MOLDING PROCESSING GUIDE Polymer
FOAMAZOL Chemical Foaming Agents INJECTION MOLDING PROCESSING GUIDE Polymer Foaming Agent INJECTION MOLDING WITH CHEMICAL FOAMING AGENTS Introduction The injection molding of structural foam molded parts
POROUS BURNER - A New Approach to Infrared
Page: 1 POROUS BURNER - A New Approach to Infrared 1. Preface There are several possibilities to produce infrared radiation in the technical sense. Regarding the source of energy you can distinguish between
Classification of Chemical Substances
Classification of Chemical Substances INTRODUCTION: Depending on the kind of bonding present in a chemical substance, the substance may be called ionic, molecular or metallic. In a solid ionic compound
Executive Summary. Catalyst Testing Results
Executive Summary This project was divided into two parts. One part evaluated possible catalysts for producing higher-alcohols (C 2 to C 5+ ) as fuel additives. The other part provided guidance by looking
Hyphenated Thermal, Thermomechanical, and Dielectric Analysis Techniques for Optimizing and Monitoring Photo-curing Processes
Analyzing & Testing Hyphenated Thermal, Thermomechanical, and Dielectric Analysis Techniques for Optimizing and Monitoring Photo-curing Processes Dr. Pamela Shapiro NETZSCH Instruments North America, LLC
Friday 15 June 2012 Afternoon
THIS IS A NEW SPECIFICATION H Friday 15 June 2012 Afternoon GCSE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE CHEMISTRY A A171/02 Modules C1 C2 C3 (Higher Tier) *A135350612* Candidates answer on the Question Paper. A
Name Date Class THERMOCHEMISTRY. SECTION 17.1 THE FLOW OF ENERGY HEAT AND WORK (pages 505 510)
17 THERMOCHEMISTRY SECTION 17.1 THE FLOW OF ENERGY HEAT AND WORK (pages 505 510) This section explains the relationship between energy and heat, and distinguishes between heat capacity and specific heat.
Thermodynamics: First Law, Calorimetry, Enthalpy. Calorimetry. Calorimetry: constant volume. Monday, January 23 CHEM 102H T.
Thermodynamics: First Law, Calorimetry, Enthalpy Monday, January 23 CHEM 102H T. Hughbanks Calorimetry Reactions are usually done at either constant V (in a closed container) or constant P (open to the
Expansion and shrinkage of fibers
Expansion and shrinkage of fibers Introduction Fibers are produced worldwide in enormous quantities. More than 20 million tons of synthetic fibers and 20 million tons of natural fibers are manufactured
SULFUR IMPREGNATION ON ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS BY H 2 S OXIDATION FOR Hg REMOVAL
SULFUR IMPREGNATION ON ACTIVATED CARBON FIBERS BY H 2 S OXIDATION FOR Hg REMOVAL Wenguo Feng 1, Seokjoon Kwon 2, Xue Feng 1, 3, Eric Borguet 3, and Radisav Vidic 1 * 1 Department of Civil and Environmental
Introduction. Table 1: Management Approach to Reactive Chemicals
A Systematic Approach to Chemical Reactivity Evaluation by Surendra K. Singh, Ph.D., and Michelle Murphy December 10, 2013 Introduction Reactive chemicals are materials capable of giving rise to an uncontrolled
Boiler efficiency measurement. Department of Energy Engineering
Boiler efficiency measurement Department of Energy Engineering Contents Heat balance on boilers Efficiency determination Loss categories Fluegas condensation principals Seasonal efficiency Emission evaluation
STANDARD CLEANING AND CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR TGA-50(H) AND TGA-51(H)
STANDARD CLEANING AND CALIBRATION PROCEDURE FOR TGA-50(H) AND TGA-51(H) by Joseph F. Greenbeck, Jr. And Courtney W. Taylor INTRODUCTION The following procedure is to be used for the maintenance and calibration
Mg 2 FeH 6 -BASED NANOCOMPOSITES WITH HIGH CAPACITY OF HYDROGEN STORAGE PROCESSED BY REACTIVE MILLING
Mg 2 FeH 6 -BASED NANOCOMPOSITES WITH HIGH CAPACITY OF HYDROGEN STORAGE PROCESSED BY REACTIVE MILLING A. A. C. Asselli (1)*, C. S. Kiminami (2), A. M. Jorge Jr. (2), T.T. Ishikawa (2), and W. J. Botta
Development of Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Residual Monomer in Polymer Latex
Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, Vol.20 No.3 pp.145-149, 2010 Development of Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Residual Monomer in Polymer Latex Nopparat THAWEEWATTHANANON
The Empirical Formula of a Compound
The Empirical Formula of a Compound Lab #5 Introduction A look at the mass relationships in chemistry reveals little order or sense. The ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound, while constant,
DETERMINATION OF THE HEAT STORAGE CAPACITY OF PCM AND PCM-OBJECTS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE. E. Günther, S. Hiebler, H. Mehling
DETERMINATION OF THE HEAT STORAGE CAPACITY OF PCM AND PCM-OBJECTS AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE E. Günther, S. Hiebler, H. Mehling Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern) Walther-Meißner-Str.
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE CHEM 150 - COLLEGE CHEMISTRY I
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY CANTON, NEW YORK COURSE OUTLINE CHEM 150 - COLLEGE CHEMISTRY I PREPARED BY: NICOLE HELDT SCHOOL OF SCIENCE, HEALTH, AND PROFESSIONAL STUDIES SCIENCE DEPARTMENT
COMBUSTION. In order to operate a heat engine we need a hot source together with a cold sink
COMBUSTION In order to operate a heat engine we need a hot source together with a cold sink Occasionally these occur together in nature eg:- geothermal sites or solar powered engines, but usually the heat
Question Bank Electrolysis
Question Bank Electrolysis 1. (a) What do you understand by the terms (i) electrolytes (ii) non-electrolytes? (b) Arrange electrolytes and non-electrolytes from the following substances (i) sugar solution
Bomb Calorimetry. Example 4. Energy and Enthalpy
Bomb Calorimetry constant volume often used for combustion reactions heat released by reaction is absorbed by calorimeter contents need heat capacity of calorimeter q cal = q rxn = q bomb + q water Example
COAL, OIL SHALE, NATURAL BITUMEN, HEAVY OIL AND PEAT Vol. I - Coal Gasification - Xingzhong Sha
COAL GASIFICATION Xingzhong Sha Department of Energy Sources Chemical Technology, Shanghai, China Keywords: Agglomerating Ash Gasifier, Applications of Coal Gasification, Ash Zone, BGC-L Gasifier, Classification
Entropy & Enthalpy Changes A Lab Investigation
Entropy & Enthalpy Changes A Lab Investigation Summary In this investigation, students will explore basic thermodynamic concepts, including spontaneity, entropy, and enthalpy through a series of guided
Microwave absorbing tiles:
On the basis of the results obtained from the first project activities, the grinding conditions on a larger scale were determined. As regards the sintering, an adjustment has been made to the roller furnaces
Chemical Reactions Practice Test
Chemical Reactions Practice Test Chapter 2 Name Date Hour _ Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The only sure evidence for a chemical reaction
Chapter 7: Chemical Energy
Chapter 7: Chemical Energy Goals of Period 7 Section 7.1: To describe atoms, chemical elements and compounds Section 7.2: To discuss the electromagnetic force and physical changes Section 7.3: To illustrate
Thermodynamics and Equilibrium
Chapter 19 Thermodynamics and Equilibrium Concept Check 19.1 You have a sample of 1.0 mg of solid iodine at room temperature. Later, you notice that the iodine has sublimed (passed into the vapor state).
1. Thermite reaction 2. Enthalpy of reaction, H 3. Heating/cooling curves and changes in state 4. More thermite thermodynamics
Chem 105 Fri 10-23-09 1. Thermite reaction 2. Enthalpy of reaction, H 3. Heating/cooling curves and changes in state 4. More thermite thermodynamics 10/23/2009 1 Please PICK UP your graded EXAM in front.
WHAT IS IN FERTILIZER OTHER THAN NUTRIENTS?
WHAT IS IN FERTILIZER OTHER THAN NUTRIENTS? Raymond C. Ward Ward Laboratories Inc. Kearney, NE Commercial fertilizer is a source of plant nutrients that can be applied to soil to nourish crops when the
APS Science Curriculum Unit Planner
Grade Level/Subject APS Science Curriculum Unit Planner Enduring Understanding Chemistry Stage 1: Desired Results Topic 3: Kinetics: The Kinetic Theory can explain the phases of matter, the energetics
R.A. Chaplin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Canada
POWER PLANT COMBUSTION THEORY R.A. Chaplin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Canada Keywords: Combustion, Efficiency, Calorific Value, Combustion Products, Gas Analysis Contents
Elemental Analyses by ICP-AES
Elemental Analyses by ICP-AES Henry Gong, Senior Analytical Chemist September 10, 2008 ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrophotometry Electrons of an atom absorb energy and jump to
Determination of the heat storage capacity of PCM and PCM objects as a function of temperature
Determination of the heat storage capacity of PCM and PCM objects as a function of temperature E. Günther, S. Hiebler, H. Mehling ZAE Bayern, Walther-Meißner-Str. 6, 85748 Garching, Germany Outline Introduction
LASER CUTTING OF STAINLESS STEEL
LASER CUTTING OF STAINLESS STEEL Laser inert gas cutting is the most applicable process type used for cutting of stainless steel. Laser oxygen cutting is also applied in cases where the cut face oxidation
Thermochemistry: Calorimetry and Hess s Law
Thermochemistry: Calorimetry and Hess s Law Some chemical reactions are endothermic and proceed with absorption of heat while others are exothermic and proceed with an evolution of heat. The magnitude
Better DSC Isothermal Cure Kinetics Studies Using Power Compensation DSC
application Note Thermal Analysis Better DSC Isothermal Cure Kinetics Studies Using Power Compensation DSC Introduction One important aspect of a thermosetting resin, such as an epoxy, is the cure kinetics
Differential Scanning Calorimetry; First and Second Order Transitions in Polymers
Differential Scanning Calorimetry; First and Second Order Transitions in Polymers Purpose: Determine the enthalpy of melting (fusion) of polyethylene and the heat capacity, glass transition temperature,
R. Naghizadeh 1, J. Javadpour 1, M. Naeemi 2, M.T. Hamadani 3 and H. R. Rezaie 1
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON THE USE OF IRANIAN BAUXITES IN THE FABRICATION OF SHAPED REFRACTORY & HIGH ALUMINA CEMENTS. R. Naghizadeh 1, J. Javadpour 1, M. Naeemi 2, M.T. Hamadani 3 and H. R. Rezaie 1 1 Iran
Numerical analysis of size reduction of municipal solid waste particles on the traveling grate of a waste-to-energy combustion chamber
Numerical analysis of size reduction of municipal solid waste particles on the traveling grate of a waste-to-energy combustion chamber Masato Nakamura, Marco J. Castaldi, and Nickolas J. Themelis Earth
Range of Competencies
CHEMISTRY Content Domain Range of Competencies l. Nature of Science 0001 0003 18% ll. Matter and Atomic Structure 0004 0006 18% lll. Energy and Chemical Bonding 0007 0010 23% lv. Chemical Reactions 0011
The concentration of water is a constant so we can combine it with Keq by dividing both sides of the equation by [H2O(l)].
Dissolved Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Every atmospheric gas is in equilibrium with that gas dissolved in ocean water. The concentrations of two of these are particularly important. The concentration of oxygen
Biomass gasification methods
Lecture 8 Biomass gasification methods Thermochemical conversion method Principle Gasifiers Operationtypes-Applications The thermo-chemical decomposition of hydrocarbons from biomass in a reducing (oxygen
Module 5: Combustion Technology. Lecture 33: Combustion air calculation
1 P age Module 5: Combustion Technology Lecture 33: Combustion air calculation 2 P age Keywords: Heat of combustion, stoichiometric air, excess air, natural gas combustion Combustion air calculation The
Thermochemistry I: Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions
THERMOCHEMISTRY I 77 Thermochemistry I: Endothermic & Exothermic Reactions OBJECTIVES: Learn elementary concepts of calorimetry and thermochemistry Practice techniques of careful temperature, mass, and
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.1 Change of Physical State
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.1 Change of Physical State State the term that applies to each of the following changes of physical state: (a) Snow changes from a solid to a liquid. (b) Gasoline changes from a liquid
Unit 6 The Mole Concept
Chemistry Form 3 Page 62 Ms. R. Buttigieg Unit 6 The Mole Concept See Chemistry for You Chapter 28 pg. 352-363 See GCSE Chemistry Chapter 5 pg. 70-79 6.1 Relative atomic mass. The relative atomic mass
Determination of N-cyclohexyl-diazeniumdioxide (HDO) containing compounds in treated wood using GC-MS
Application Note No. 051 Determination of N-cyclohexyl-diazeniumdioxide (HDO) containing compounds in treated wood using GC-MS by P Jüngel ¹), J Wittenzellner ²) and E Melcher ¹) ¹) Federal Research Centre
Building materials thermal conductivity measurement and correlation with heat flow meter, laser flash analysis and TCi
J Therm Anal Calorim DOI 10.1007/s10973-011-1760-x Building materials thermal conductivity measurement and correlation with heat flow meter, laser flash analysis and TCi Junghoon Cha Jungki Seo Sumin Kim
Option 2 will react tin with nitric acid to form a tin nitrate then the compound will be decomposed, by heating, to an oxide of tin.
EMPIRICAL FORMULA OF A COMPOUND 2009, 1986 by David A. Katz. All Rights reserved. Reproduction permitted for education use provided original copyright is included. OBJECTIVE In this experiment, a compound
A.17. OXIDIZING PROPERTIES (SOLIDS)
A.17. OXIDIZING PROPERTIES (SOLIDS) 1. METHOD 1.1. INTRODUCTION It is useful to have preliminary information on any potentially explosive properties of the substance before performing this test. This test
Effects of aging on the kinetics of nanocrystalline anatase crystallite growth
Materials Chemistry and Physics 95 (2006) 275 279 Effects of aging on the kinetics of nanocrystalline anatase crystallite growth Hsing-I Hsiang, Shih-Chung Lin Department of Resources Engineering, National
87 16 70 20 58 24 44 32 35 40 29 48 (a) graph Y versus X (b) graph Y versus 1/X
HOMEWORK 5A Barometer; Boyle s Law 1. The pressure of the first two gases below is determined with a manometer that is filled with mercury (density = 13.6 g/ml). The pressure of the last two gases below
Chapter 5 Student Reading
Chapter 5 Student Reading THE POLARITY OF THE WATER MOLECULE Wonderful water Water is an amazing substance. We drink it, cook and wash with it, swim and play in it, and use it for lots of other purposes.
3. Of energy, work, enthalpy, and heat, how many are state functions? a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3 e) 4 ANS: c) 2 PAGE: 6.1, 6.2
1. A gas absorbs 0.0 J of heat and then performs 15.2 J of work. The change in internal energy of the gas is a) 24.8 J b) 14.8 J c) 55.2 J d) 15.2 J ANS: d) 15.2 J PAGE: 6.1 2. Calculate the work for the
CHEMISTRY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING
CHEMISTRY STANDARDS BASED RUBRIC ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BONDING Essential Standard: STUDENTS WILL UNDERSTAND THAT THE PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THEIR INTERACTIONS ARE A CONSEQUENCE OF THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER,
305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS
DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 ATOMS, ELEMENTS, AND MINERALS Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer. Use GEOLOGIC VOCABULARY where APPLICABLE!
VCE CHEMISTRY UNIT 2 Environmental Chemistry SAMPLE COURSE OUTLINE
VCE CHEMISTRY UNIT 2 Environmental Chemistry SAMPLE COURSE OUTLINE Week Area of Study Key knowledge Possible activities Key skills 1 1 Water Role of water in maintaining life in the environment unique