Impact of sleep duration on cognitive functions among preschoolers

Transcription

1 F = P = F = P = r = ~ R doi /j. issn X A X Impact of sleep duration on cognitive functions among preschoolers ZHOU Wen-jiao 1 2 WANG Li-gang 1 LI Ye 1 GAO Wen-bin 1 SUN Xin-ying 3 1. Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 3. Department of Social Medicine and Health Education Peking University School of Public Health Beijing China ABSTRACT Objective To explore the effect of sleep duration including napping night sleep and total sleep duration on cognitive functions among preschoolers. Methods The samples consisted of 94 preschoolers aged from to years from Hangzhou and Beijing. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test- Revised PPVT-R Picture Deletion Task for Preschoolers PDTP and Spatial Working Memory Test were applied to assess the cognitive functions of these preschoolers. Basic demographic information and sleep information were collected with self-made questionnaires. Results The results of the present study indicated that among all the participants there were significant grade differences in napping duration and total sleep duration F = P = F = P = The total sleep duration was decreased with age. However the night sleep duration was not changed significantly with age. The correlations between the night sleep and total sleep duration and the scores of attention and working memory were significantly positive r = No significant correlations were noted between the napping and all the scores of cognitive tests. The regression analysis showed that the total sleep duration especially the night sleep duration could well explain the variance of attention and working memory. Conclusion Total sleep duration especially night sleep duration may have great impact on preschoolers cognitive functions such as attention and working memory. Enough sound night sleep may help to promote the cognitive functions of the target population. KEY WORDS Sleep Attention Memory Language development Child preschool BAI36B01 CGA11134 Supported by Fund of Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences the Mega-projects of Science Research for the 12th Five-Year Plan 2012BAI36B01 and the Project of 12th Five-Year Plan on Beijing s Education CGA11134 Corresponding author s gaowb@ psych. ac. cn xysun@ bjmu. edu. cn http / /www. cnki. net /kcms /detail / R html

2 Picture Deletion Task for Pre schoolers-modified PDTP % s 6 4 = / - / nursery class ~ ± ~ lower kindergarten ~ ± upper kindergarten ~ ± preschool class ~ ± Corsi Block ± / 1 ~ Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised PPVT-R 0 ~ 6 Llody Dunn Leota Dunn night sleep duration

3 935 total napping duration % total sleep duration 90. 3% ~ h ± h 1 ~ 3 h ± h 4 20 min F = P = F = P = F = P = SPSS t P < PPVT ± χ 2 = P = ± t = P = χ 2 = P = χ 2 = P < χ 2 = P = PPVT 1 Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of all participants Items n % Gender Male Female Father education level High school graduates and blow College graduates Bachelors Graduates and above Miss data Mother education level High school graduates and blow College graduates Bachelors Graduates and above Miss data Family monthly income yuan < > Missing data r = ~ r = ~ r = P = r = P = r = P = r = P = PPVT PPVT

4 % 39. 3% 4 Table 2 2 Comparison of study variables among the four grade groups Items Nursery n = 22 Lower kindergarten n = 27 Upper kindergarten n = 19 Preschool n = 26 F LSD Total napping /h ± ± ± ± # a b < c d Night sleep /h ± ± ± ± Total sleep /h ± ± ± ± * a b < d PPVT score ± ± ± ± # a < b < c < d PDTP blocks ± ± ± ± # a < b < c d Attention index ± ± ± ± # a < b < c < d Work memory ± ± ± ± # a < b < c d * P < # P < a nursery b lower kindergarten c upper kindergarten d preschool. PPVT Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised PDTP Picture Deletion Task for Preschoolers LSD Least significant difference. Table 3 3 Partial correlation controlling for age among cognitive and sleep variables Items PPVT PDTP blocks Attention index Work memory Total napping Night sleep Total sleep PPVT PDTP blocks Attention index * Work memory * Total napping Night sleep * Total sleep # * # # * P < # P < PPVT Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised PDTP Picture Deletion Task for Preschoolers. Table 4 4 Regression of sleep variables on cognitive variables controlling for gender age family income parental education Dependent variables Independent variables B β t P R 2 R 2 adj F PDTP blocks Constant MA /MS or not of father Age Night sleep # Work memory Constant Age Night sleep # # P < MA master of arts MS master of science PDTP Picture Deletion Task for Preschoolers ~ 6 14

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