and Written English Bernar- EST Jablonkai 2010

Transcription

1 45 * Wordsmith Tools EST English for Science and Technology of - 40% EST Biber 1988 Biber et The Longman Grammar of Spoken al and Written English Bernar- Biber et al Biber dini 2002 Flowerdew 1998 Gavioli 2002 Ghadessy Henry & Roseberry 2001 Hyland Luzon Marco 2000 Thompson 1998 Biber et al EST Biber Conrad & Cortes 2004 Biber 2009 Biber & Barbieri 2007 English for Science and Technology EST Biber & Conrad 1999 Cortes & Csomay Hyland 2008 Cortes 2004 EST EST Sinclair 1996 Partington Jablonkai 2010 EST 65% EST EST EST * ZGWYJYJJ2010A ZX AntConc yjxm - 17

2 46 # Bi- ber et al Biber et al EST Wordsmith Tools Cluster Biber EST EST 1. Elsevier Science Computers & Electrical Engineering International Journal of Engineering Science International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 100 shown 325 as well as the 100 in fig # shown in fig # fig # shows the as shown in fig is EST shown in fig % shown in fig # Forchini & Murphy EST 1 shown in fig # # and # # fig # shows the as a function of as shown in fig from # to # is shown in fig # and # the in the presence of fig # and fig in section # # on the other hand Elsevier Science 100

3 47 13 # and # and # to # # can be used to the surface of the of # # m between # and # of # # # in the case of eqs # and # in fig # and # # to # in this paper we as well as the instances all three measures have zero - valued fail- Biber ure rates. + Biber / Yes - no WH Biber / + WH - If - To - 1. That - 1 EST of - NP + PP VP Biber et al. Numbers EST % 44 18% as the number of as a result of Numbers 40 17% EST # and # and 62 # # in Biber the 21 # and # in 46 # and # for 31 Biber Forchini & Murphy 2008 Biber EST EST 18% 2 First no significant differences exist between 60% AP sets 2 and 3 and between 7 and 9 since both

4 b fig # shows the 1d. 5 this is due to 1e. 27 can be seen from b. WH - 2 in fig # where 2d. To - 2 to that of the 2e. That - 9 we assume that the 2f. 5 as a function of a. of - 54 the number of nodes 3b. the difference between 2 the 3c. 26 the single hop distance 3d. 49 in the absence of 3e. 2 # # as well as a result of 5. 5a. 35 # and # and 5b. + 5 # # in the A B / B / / For A targets to be detected and monitored by the networked multiple sensors we set the following param- B A / B eters solely for the purpose of demonstrating the C D / / system feasibility. C EST D 3 Biber et al EST Referential bundles Biber et al Cortes Hyland 2008 Subject - specific bun- dles Hyland Stance bundles Cortes Discourse organizers

5 49 3. I. A. 4 the fact that the B. / B2 / 3 it should be noted B4 6 can be used to 13 II. A. 19 in this section we B. / 4 on the other hand 23 III. A. / 6 this is due to C. C1 11 a large number of C2 8 the size of the C3 29 in the case of C4 2 for the purpose of D. / / D1 2 the location of the D2 1 at the same time D3 37 as shown in fig D4 9 the end of the 105 IV. A. 49 the single hop distance B. 48 # cm and # Biber et al EST Biber 2006 The fact that the corrected trendlines in both of 2009 Biber these PIF sites have slope values with different signs EST indicates that the calibration method is unlikely to be biased. EST / Therefore it is necessary to develop diagnosis and prognosis capabilities for reliable and 1 safe operation of the system and for enhanced availability of its service life. EST / / 4 the fact that the to the fact that / 3 it is necessary to it should be noted 6 can be used to it is possible to

6 50 The slope of this curve is the instantaneous flow and an extended sampling period can be used to reduce the impact of transient fluctuations Biber et al In this section we present simulation results to Text - deixis 37 study the characteristics of controlled random mobility in mitigating actuation attacks. tity 11 Multi - func- 4 tional 9 Intangible 29 Quan- EST A higher Q factor means better resolution in frequency measurement while a decreased Q factor on the other hand represents less noise. 3 Purpose EST Text - deixis High velocity impacts such as those caused by the impact of space debris and micrometeroids can result in damage ranging from minor to catastrophic depending on the Biber et al This bias correction is illustrated in Fig. 5 where the original Quantity size of the impacting particle. TRMM NLDAS and bias - corrected TRMM rainfall totals over the two - month period are presented. rithm has been applied to a large number of docu- The proposed algo- EST ment images to test its ability in different applications. Biber et al In addition the lack of selectivity of sensors in the presence of other species in complex solutions is a common problem that directly affects sensor sensitivity and the functionality. Multi - functional 9 Tangible the end of the

7 cm and 3. 6 cm respectively. 4. Similarly stars highlight paths where historic information is particularly helpful to identify the fact that the state has progressed from one box to the next e. g. to differentiate flow downstream of an incident from the normal drop in flow at the end of the peak period. At the end of the above work all templates are to be checked whether they are similar to each other statistically. / Focus This is due to the strong heat absorption by the film during evaporation as vapor temperature driven by the decreasing pres- sure drops down below the wall temperature. Place 2 ESP To this end it is important to know the location of the bottlenecks and their capacity before ap- plying the time progression charts to an inhomogeneous segment. Time 1 EST The motivation for using this algorithm comes from its capa- EST bility that it can detect the outliers from matched pairs while at the same time estimating the transformation parameters. EST 4 EST EST EST EST 49 The uncertainty of electrode gap distance measured as the standard deviation of the mean of 20 measurements of gap distance was m. 48 SCI EI EST From the surface pattern of an object with V - shaped valleys the averaged depths of the valleys in the patterns generated by the LMS and URG were EST ESP English for Specific Purposes of - 40% EST EST EST

8 52 ble specialized corpora Perspectives on phraseology translation and pedagogy. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics pp Gavioli L Some thoughts on the problem of representing ESP through small corpora. In B. Kettemann & Bernardini S Exploring new directions for discovery G. Marko Eds. Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis pp Amsterdam Rodopi. learning. In B. Kettemann & G. Marko Eds. Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis pp Amsterdam Rodopi. Biber D Variation Across Speech and Writing. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Biber D. S. Conrad & R. Reppen Corpus Linguistics Investigating Language Structure and Use. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Biber D A corpus - driven approach to formulaic language in English. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics pp Biber D. & F. Barbieri Lexical bundles in university spoken and written registers. English for Specific Purposes pp Biber D. & S. Conrad Lexical bundles in conversation and academic prose. In H. Hasselgard & S. Oksefjell Eds. Out of Corpora pp Amsterdam Rodopi. Biber D. S. Conrad & V. Cortes If you look at Lexical bundles in university teaching and textbooks. Applied Linguistics pp Biber D. et al The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. London Longman. Cortes V Lexical bundles in published and student disciplinary writing Examples from history and biology. English for Specific Purposes pp Cortes V A comparative analysis of lexical bundles in academic history writing in English and Spanish. Corpora 3 1. pp Cortes V. & E. Csomay Positioning lexical bundles in university lectures. In M. C. Campoy & M. J. Luzon Eds. Spoken Corpora in Applied Linguistics pp Bern Peter Lang. Cortes V. & E. Csomay Lexical bundle distribution in university classroom talk. In S. T. Gries S. Wulff & M. Davies Eds.. Corpus - linguistic Applications Current Studies New Directions pp Amsterdam Rodopi. Flowerdew L Concordancing on an expert and learner corpus for ESP. CALL Journal 8 3. pp3 7. Forchini P. & A. Murphy N - grams in compara- Ghadessy M. A. Henry & R. Roseberry Eds Small Corpus Studies and ELT Theory and Practice. Amsterdam /Philadelphia John Benjamins. Hyland K Disciplinary Discourses Social Interactions in Academic Writing. Harlow Longman. Hyland K Second Language Writing. Cambridge Cambridge University Press. Hyland K As can be seen Lexical bundles and disciplinary variation. English for Specific Purposes pp4 21. Jablonkai R English in the context of European integration A corpus - driven analysis of lexical bundles in English EU documents. English for Specific Purposes pp Luzon Marco M. J Collocational frameworks in medical research papers A genre - based study. English for Specific Purposes 19. pp Partington A Utterly content in each other s company Semantic prosody and semantic preference. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 9 1. pp Sinclair J The search for units of meaning. Textus 9. pp Thompson P Examining PhD Theses in a Corpus. Paper presented at the TALC 98 Oxford University Oxford UK COLSEC DOUBT

9 95 be improved. Key words computer-based English course book criteria checklist evaluation method A corpus-based study on four-word clusters in English for science and technology papers by YANG Yuanyuan Abstract To retrieve high-frequency four-word clusters in a self-made EST English for Science and Technology Paper Corpus corpus software Wordsmith Tools is used. Clusters searched out from the EST Paper Corpus are investigated from both structural and functional perspectives. Structural classification shows that clusters containing noun phrases with of in them clusters containing prepositional phrases and clusters including passive verbs are most widely used in the corpus. Functional classification of clusters reveals that referential clusters are most frequently used. In addition more than 40% of the clusters are related to professional topics in the field of natural sciences. In EST paper writing acquaintance with formulaic patterns of clusters in papers written by English native authors can help Chinese scientific and technical personnel develop an appropriate English writing style thus to facilitate international communication of technologies. Key words corpus EST papers four-word clusters structure function A corpus-based empirical study of quantitative evaluation of college English E-C translation quality by WANG Jianjia Abstract In this research the E-C translations from a self-built corpus of College English Competence Test were first manually annotated with translation errors according to potential evaluative parameters then the translation errors were concordanced in the light of each potential evaluative parameter and statistically analyzed for correlations with the E-C translations formal manual scorings respectively. Thus some statistically significant evaluative parameters that are actually functioning in E-C translation manual scorings were tentatively identified and verified by an automatically constructed evaluation model of multiple linear regression whose evaluation performances bear a Pearson correlation of with the formal manual scorings. So it can be concluded that the study tentatively reveals the translations text features that raters have been paying close attention to in current E-C translation scoring practice for college English testing from an empirical perspective and it might as well shed some light on automatic quantitative evaluation of E-C translations in language testing. Keywords E-C translation quantitative evaluation annotated corpora statistical analysis Using corpora in vocabulary teaching on a lexical grading basis by KONG Lei & QIN Hongwu Abstract This study explores the use of corpus tools in English vocabulary teaching. By employing the tools like Range Excel match calculation and frequency count we divided the textbook vocabulary into 15 levels and classified them into two types the productive and the receptive. In line with the frequency of the productive and receptive vocabularies we managed to work out a revised list of words for classroom teaching. Moreover we find that the distribution of the vocabulary in the exercises should be adequately analyzed so that we can clarify the interrelations between the exercises and the texts and adequately evaluate the role that exercises play in vocabulary acquisition. Key words vocabulary difficulty productive vocabulary receptive vocabulary frequency counts