Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Vietnam: What can we learn?
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1 Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Vietnam: What can we learn? Carla L. Huston, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVPM Beef Extension and Outreach MSU College of Veterinary Medicine NIAA Emerging Diseases Council 2013
2 Presentation Outline Animal health infrastructure in Vietnam Project overview What can we learn?
3 Vietnam 58 Provinces, 5 Municipalities Multiple Districts within Provinces
4 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) Vietnam animal health infrastructure Department of Animal Health National Center for Veterinary Diagnosis Regional Animal Health Offices (RAHO) - 7 Regional Centers for Veterinary Diagnosis Province- Sub-Dept. of Animal Health (Sub-DAH) - 58 District Veterinary Services (DVS) Commune - paraveterinarians Village
5 Foot and Mouth Disease FMDV is endemic in Vietnam Targeted vaccination Role of the carrier is unknown Persistent infection > 28 days
6 The Project: Molecular Epidemiology, Surveillance and Predictive Tools for FMD Control in Vietnam Drs. Luis Rodriguez, Jonathan Arzt USDA ARS PIADC Dr. Ho Hu Dung - MARD DAH Dr. Nguyen Tung MARD NCVD Dr. Ngo Thanh Long RAHO 6 Dr. Chris Morrissy - CSIRO Dr. Andres Perez UC Davis
7 Project Objectives 1. Characterize the molecular epidemiology of circulating FMDV strains in Vietnam 2. Investigate the role of persistently infected ruminants (buffalo in particular) in FMDV ecology in Vietnam 3. Establish/explore standard operating procedures to quantitate the risk associated with movement of animals out of a currently quarantined region where an FMD outbreak has occurred
8 Project Objectives 2. Investigate the role of persistently infected ruminants (buffalo in particular) in FMDV ecology in Vietnam 2.1 Identification of FMD convalescent cattle and buffalo by targeted surveillance 2.2 Documenting persistent infection in Asian buffalo 2.3 Investigation of transmission of FMDV from persistent carrier animals to naïve animals
9 Methods: Objective 2 Two Provinces identified with history of FMD outbreaks in cattle, buffalo SonLa (north) Jan 2011 LongAn (south) Feb. 2011
10 Methods: Objective 2 Development of serum and probang sampling protocols Training of paraveterinarians and veterinarians for probang sampling (Arzt, Feb. 2012) Identification of FMDV carriers through serology (3ABC ELISA testing) and probang samplings (PCR, virus isolation) (Huston, May July 2012)
11 Results Table 1: Results from initial 3 ABC ELISA testing # Tested # Positive Prevalence (%) 95% CI Long An Province Buffalo Dairy cattle Local beef SonLa Province Buffalo Local beef TOTAL
12 Results Table 2: Results from 1 st Probang sampling # Tested # Positive Prevalence (%) 95% CI Long An Province Buffalo Dairy cattle Local beef SonLa Province Buffalo Local beef TOTAL
13 Methods: Objective 2 Establishment of test transmission cells (TTC) to demonstrate persistence and transmission of FMDV 2 positive animals (donors) to be housed with 2 negative animals (sentinels) Longitudinal monitoring 12 months Ring vaccination
14 Results 8 test transmission cells (Sept Feb. 2013) 2 donors, 2 sentinels (2 farms) 1 donor, 2 sentinels (6 farms) 6 samplings No evidence of horizontal FMDV transfer to sentinels Possible vertical FMDV transfer to calves (2/3)
15 Further work Necropsy study in buffalo Dr. Jonathan Arzt, PIADC (Nov. 2012) Longitudinal monitoring of TTC Gather final information from farms Possible necropsy of donor animals Dr. Carla Huston (June 2013) Analysis of data Phylogenetic analysis Descriptive statistics and comparisons Test comparison PIADC (ongoing)
16 What can we learn? 1. Good communication will make or break a project. 2. Flexibility and adaptability are necessary skills. 3. Biosecurity is relative. 4. Biotechnology is possible. 5. Our priorities may not be their priorities. 6. Integrated research is essential. 7. Collaborative research is essential. 8. Local customs and knowledge should be respected. 9. Development and stewardship go a long way. 10.Opportunities can outweigh challenges.
17 What can we learn? 1. Good communication will make or break a project.
18 What can we learn? 1. Good communication will make or break a project.
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20 Animal ID DSC 06905
21 What can we learn? 2. Flexibility and adaptability are necessary skills.
22 What can we learn? 3. Biosecurity is relative.
23 Challenges
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29 What can we learn? 4. Biotechnology is possible.
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32 What can we learn? 5. Our priorities may not be their priorities. 2012: H5N1, PRRS, IPN, etc.
33 What can we learn? 5. Our priorities may not be their priorities. Food safety and public health
34 What can we learn? 5. Our priorities may not be their priorities. 2013: H5N1, H7N9, honeybee diseases
35 What can we learn? 6. Local knowledge, customs, and culture should be respected.
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37 What can we learn? 7. Development and stewardship go a long way.
38 What can we learn? 7. Development and stewardship go a long way.
39 What can we learn? 8. Integrated research is essential. Experimental studies (in general) Prospective, direct establishment of risk Extrapolation to on-farm applications is limited Observational studies (in general) Retrospective, no direct establishment of risk Subject to multiple biases (selection, recall) Most representative of real-world situations
40 What can we learn? 9. Collaborative research is essential. International collaboration Interagency collaboration Collaboration with NCVD, DAH, RAHO s Collaboration with District Veterinary Services, paraveterinarians and farmers
41 Education and outreach Scientific exchange
42 What can we learn? 10.Opportunities can outweigh challenges. Challenges Opportunities Priorities Collaborations Communication Education Bureaucracy Training Data management Scientific exchange Biosecurity Protocols and resources Importance Food Security Development Trade implications Protection of US agriculture
43 What can we learn? 1. Good communication will make or break a project. 2. Flexibility and adaptability are necessary skills. 3. Biosecurity is relative. 4. Biotechnology is possible. 5. Our priorities may not be their priorities. 6. Local customs and knowledge should be respected. 7. Development and stewardship go a long way. 8. Integrated research is essential. 9. Collaborative research is essential. 10.Opportunities can outweigh challenges.
44 THANK YOU XIN CẢM ƠN
45 Project participants: USDA Agricultural Research Service USDA - Foreign Agricultural Services Mississippi State Univ College of Veterinary Medicine Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development National Center for Veterinary Diagnosis Department of Animal Health Regional Animal Health Office 6 Sub-Departments of Animal Health District Veterinary Services Communal Paraveterinarians Participating Farmers
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