Distribution Grid Sensors Agenda

Transcription

1 Chris Jones, Medium Voltage Power Products SEMA 2012 Distribution Components Smart Grid Overview, Components, Applications November 7, 2012 Slide 1 Distribution Grid Sensors Agenda Energy Distribution Challenge Adressing the Challenges: Application Overview The Market for Grid Modernization Smart Grid Sensors What, Where, Why, and How Fault Detection Asset Management FDIR/FLISR VVO/CVR Feeder Metering The CT/PT Sensor Solution Line Post Senorse Sensor Design Project Installation in Pinetops, NC November 7, 2012 Slide 2 Distribution Grid Sensors Agenda Energy Distribution Challenge Addressing the Challenges: Application Overview The Market for Grid Modernization Smart Grid Sensors What, Where, Why, and How Fault Detection Asset Management FDIR/FLISR VVO/CVR Feeder Metering The CT/PT Sensor Solution Line Post Senorse Sensor Design Project Installation in Pinetops, NC November 7, 2012 Slide 3 1

2 Distribution Grid Sensors Need for improved energy efficiency and reliability 40% of losses occur on the distribution network Reducing losses by 10% could save 65 billion kwh For each 1% reduction of peak demand, (32) 250MW power plants do not need to be built Reducing outage frequency and duration saves maintenance and regulatory costs The future of power distribution relies on utilities to maximize their efficiency and optimize the network to consistently deliver power to consumers at minimal cost. November 7, 2012 Slide 4 * Volt/VAR Optimization Reduces Losses, Peak Demands By: Xiaoming Feng, ABB Corporate Research and William Peterson, ABB Power Systems Raleigh, North Carolina US Top benefits of the Smart Grid Distribution Automation Survey: What are the Top 3 benefits of implementing Smart Grid technologies? Source: GreenTech Media Research, 2012 November 7, 2012 Slide 5 Distribution Automation Projects Current and Future Market 71 Smart Grid Projects with DA Components in U.S. today Distribution Automation Market Forecast United States Source: GreenTech Media Research, 2012 November 7, 2012 Slide 6 2

3 Distribution Intelligent Grid Landscape Functional Tiers Communications Meter & Billing CIS GIS AMI Headend Mobile Data System Communications Substation Substation SCADA/DMS Control Center LTC, Voltage Regulator, Feeder Protection Feeder Monitor Communications Wide Area Network (WAN) Gateway Capacitor Control Feeder Automation Network (FAN) Line Recloser Switch Control Capacitor Control Voltage Regulator Control November 7, 2012 Slide 7 Revenue Meters Home Area Network (HAN) Building Automation System Switch Control Customer Generation & Energy Storage Typical Sensor Block Diagram 4KV 38KV Tier 3 RF Sensor (3) V (3) I A/D DNP / TCP/IP Solicited & unsolicited communications Fundamental building blocks for DA Devices: Relays, Meters, FCIs, Reclosers, Cap Bank Controllers, Voltage Regulators, etc.! RF Substation Gateway Tier 2 Functional Requirements DNP / TCP/IP 1. N samples / cycle, M samples per second 2. (3) V, (3) I, Freq, Timestamp 3. Peak V & I, Watts, Vars, and VA computations 4. Harmonic content Tier 1 SCADA Network Manager November 7, 2012 Slide 8 Distribution Sensor Applications Focus on Distribution Automation 1. Volt-Var Control Volt-Var Optimization (VVO) Eliminate Waste Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) Reduce Excess 2. Protection and Control Better Manage Resources Fault, Detection, Isolation, & Restoration (FDIR): Reclosers, Sectionaliziers 3. Fault Indication Information to assist Fault Current Indication (FCI): Overhead and Underground Power Line Monitor: Load & Peak Current Waveforms, Conductor Temperature 4. Monitoring & Diagnostics--Maintenance Asset Health Services for Switchgear, Breakers: Temperature, Aging 5. Feeder Metering-Comparison of what is going out vs coming in Power Quality Theft Detection November 7, 2012 Slide 9 3

4 Key Application: Fault Indication (>10%) FCI and Power Line Monitoring S S S S S S S S S Sensor Tripped Fault Current Indicator (FCI): Visually identifies and locates high-current events remotely to assist maintenance crews Low-cost, lightweight, & hot-stick mountable design for fast and easy installation Reliability Benefits of FCI s: Reduces interruption time and lost revenue Improves customer satisfaction Reduces SAIDI, SAIFI penalties Lowers OPEX (i.e. crew cost) Power Line Monitor Remotely measures fault events, timestamps, temperature, power quality, and waveforms Fully integrated wireless solution, containing A/D, microcontroller, power supply and radio Provides all Benefits of FCI, plus: Faster outage detection and location search Remote configuration of fault parameters Visibility of fault signatures Event recording and tracking November 7, 2012 Slide 10 Sensors for Fault Indication Overhead & Underground FCI s Line Monitor or FCI: O/H & URG Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) Gateway Wireless or Wired communications RF Radio Substation gateway (ABB COM600) November 7, 2012 Slide 11 Key Application: Monitoring & Diagnostics (1% - >2%) Asset Health Indication Monitoring and Diagnostic sensors measure key health indicators of critical power systems assets, such as Switchgear and Breakers. Asset Health Indication: Records diagnostics history Monitors temperature and aging wear Reduces risk of a catastrophic event Predicts health trends and alarms Sensors & Components: Temperature sensors Current Transducers Pressure Sensors Partial Discharge Gateway/Webserver November 7, 2012 Slide 12 4

5 Key Applications: Distribution Automation (0.5% - 2%) FDIR/FLISR S S S S S Sensor Fault Detection, Isolation, and Restoration (FDIR): Prevents outages that cause loss of revenue and customer dissatisfaction Identifies and locates faults remotely and automatically restores power with loop scheme Reliability Benefits of FDIR: Improve customer satisfaction Reduces interruptions Avoids SAIDI, SAIFI penalties Lowers OPEX (i.e. crew cost, tree trimming) November 7, 2012 Slide 13 Sensors for FDIR/FLISR Embedded, Line-Post Sensors and Voltage Transformers Pole-Embedded or Line-post Sensor: Voltage and/or Current IED: Relay or Controller (RER620 or REF615) (3) V (3) I Wireless or Wired communications November 7, 2012 Slide 14 Substation gateway (ABB COM600) RF Radio Gateway Key Applications: Distribution Automation (0.5% - 2%) Conservation voltage reduction Power/resource savings ~124v ~ 122v Challenges Utilities must regulate the voltage delivered to within ± 5% of the required nominal voltage for each consumer. Conservation voltage reduction Allows utilities to deliver consistent power to all consumers and allow for lowering of demand during peak hours if necessary Conservation voltage reduction helps utilities: save as much as 3-5% on generation costs improve customer satisfaction limit wasted energy and lower costs lessen the potential for brownouts ~118v November 7, 2012 Slide 15 5

6 Key Applications: Distribution Automation (0.5% - 2%) Volt/VAr optimization Challenges Reactive power can account for a significant portion of distribution losses. Volt/VAr optimization Allows utilities to balance the amount of active and reactive power on the network to conserve energy and reduce power losses. Volt/VAr optimization helps utilities reduce: CO2 emissions peak demand and associated costs generation load by as much as 4-6% November 7, 2012 Slide 16 Sensors for CVR/VVO Line-Post Sensors Line-post Sensor: Voltage and/or Current IED: Cap Bank Controller (CQ900R) (3) V (3) I Wireless or Wired communications Substation gateway (ABB COM600) RF Radio Gateway November 7, 2012 Slide 17 Sensors for CVR/VVO SCC-125 capacitor bank controller sensor Taking advantage of the wide range of capacitor controller capabilities with: Standard current/voltage output Strong performance at high harmonic levels Limited phase angle and ratio correction compensation Control power for the controller and the switches November 7, 2012 Slide 18 6

7 Output Values SCC-125 capacitor bank controller sensor Delivers traditional 5A and 120V output of the standard current transformers No additional programming or hardware necessary for the controller Strong signal, not dependant on input impedance Split core design allows for easy, live installation Combines the benefits of current/voltage transformer technology with the innovative design of a line post sensor. November 7, 2012 Slide 19 Phase Angle / Ratio Correction SCC-125 capacitor bank controller sensor More reliability, less complexity Phase angle shift not required Provides real-time reading of the current wave form Exceeds 0.3 metering class accuracy Additional ratio correction factor compensation not necessary Saves installation time, maintenance and training costs November 7, 2012 Slide 20 Performance SCC-125 capacitor bank controller sensor Supports readings up to the 66 th harmonic, or 4kHz Meets C100 relay accuracy in addition to IEEE revenue class metering accuracy Inherent ability to identify fault currents with integrated with a controller Displays values up to 12kA November 7, 2012 Slide 21 7

8 Key Application Feeder metering maximize revenues Challenges Utilities can lose millions annually through errors in metering, losses, and theft. Feeder Metering Measures the distribution of energy to commercial and residential sectors and compares those readings with revenue to ensure the utility is properly billing for energy consumption. November 7, 2012 Slide 22 SCADA meets AMI Feeder metering helps utilities: Improve system planning Identify other issues such as phase imbalances, poor power factor, voltage sags. Maximize revenue Reveal instances of energy theft Discover problems with meter accuracy Feeder analysis No energy theft / metering errors Source: Accenture Analysis ABB Inc. November 7, 2012 Slide 23 Energy balance feeder analysis using linear regression Comparing customer metered loads with utility supplied load Ideally should be a one-one relationship Slight difference in slope indicates typical 4% technical losses from transformers and conductors. Maximized revenue in terms of non-technical losses Feeder analysis Constant theft Source: Accenture Analysis ABB Inc. November 7, 2012 Slide 24 Y-intercept significantly greater than zero Even if metered load goes to zero, the utility will still be supplying power to point(s) on the feeder Incurring the cost of delivering power without any compensation erodes profitability Data indicates a relatively consistent loss of 100kW throughout the day 8

9 Feeder analysis Periodic theft Source: Accenture Analysis Two trend lines developed via linear regression Energy theft levels changes during different periods of the day Most likely dealing with a more sophisticated partial bypass scenario Data indicates at period 2 with over triple the energy loss due to theft and over double the technical losses ABB Inc. November 7, 2012 Slide 25 Sensors for Feeder/Primary Metering ABB GridSync TM Monitoring System Sensor: Split-core CT/PT (ABB SCC-125) Smart meter (3) V (3) I Wireless or Wired communications RF Radio Gateway November 7, 2012 Slide 26 Substation gateway (ABB COM600) Customer Preferred Wireless Network SCC-125 Easy installation, revenue class accuracy Appropriate for applications where easy installation is important and metering class accuracy is required. Unique split-core design Proven instrument transformer technology Hydrophobic cycloaliphatic epoxy (HCEP) insulation IEEE revenue-class accuracy Provides any phase, 120 V control power November 7, 2012 Slide 27 9

10 GridSync TM feeder monitoring system Focused on Flexibility Pole mounted NEMA 4X rated enclosure available in: Polycarbonate (Standard) Aluminum Voltage/Current Protection: Voltage fuses (Standard) Current shorting block (Standard) FlexiTest (FT) switch Other Options include: Amphenol Connections (Standard) 120VAC power outlet Power supply (Standard) Laird antenna (Standard) Mounted height based on location Integration experts will customize the enclosure to ensure desired results in both design and data acquisition. November 7, 2012 Slide 28 Line Post Sensors Voltage and/or current line post sensor Voltage-Only Sensor Multi-Ratio 120V output Lightweight, simple retrofit <2% ratio accuracy HCEP Insulation November 7, 2012 Slide 29 15kV Voltage-only sensor design 15kV Current/voltage combination sensor design Provides reliable primary voltage sensing at points all throughout the grid Voltage/Current Combination Sensor Voltage sensing 120V output Voltage divider / multi-ratio <2% ratio accuracy Current Sensing 600:1A output <1% accuracy Live installation on existing cross arm or rack Supports fault current detection up to 12kA Simple, cost effective integration with IEDs (meter, relay, controller) for accurate power measurements HCEP Insulation Line Post Sensor VLS-110 Voltage Line post sensor Voltage-Only Sensor Installs live Lightweight, simple retrofit 120V output <1% ratio accuracy Used with: Reclosers Cap banks FDIR VVO/VVC/CVR November 7, 2012 Slide 30 10

11 Sensors Line post sensor - Combo Current/Voltage Combination Sensor Current Sensing <1% accuracy 600:1A output Current transformer technology Detects fault currents Cleaner wave forms Used with: Cap banks FDIR VVO/VVC/CVR 3-ph Switches November 7, 2012 Slide 31 DistribuSense VLS-110 Voltage Sensor Installation November 7, 2012 Slide 32 New Sensors - ViziSense Low Voltage Transformer Monitoring Sensor Current/Voltage sensing of poletop distribution transformers Outdoor Rated Design Weight 2lbs. 1 inner diameter Voltage clamp Insulation piercing provides direct voltage signal Split-Core current transformer 600:1A ratio, rating factor= 2 <1% accuracy Built-in CT/voltage leads Simple field retrofit creating a smart transformer to enhance distribution grid optimization applications Asset Management Revenue Protection System Planning Operations Support Integral Voltage Clamp LV sensors integrated design Pole DT CT sensors LV cables Smart meter November 7, 2012 Slide 33 11

12 Sensors Low Voltage Transformer Monitoring Sensor Distribution transformer monitoring for: Revenue Protection System Planning Operations Support Asset Management Outdoor Rated Design Voltage clamp Split-Core current transformer 0.5% accuracy 600:1A ratio LV sensors integrated design Pole DT CT sensors LV cables Smart meter November 7, 2012 Slide 34 Data from the smart grid Distribution Transformer Metering Source: Elster Low Voltage AGI Node transformer monitoring use case ABB Inc. November 7, 2012 Slide 35 Grid Modernization with Distribution Sensors Increased visibility for effective control A distribution grid with sensors enable utilities to navigate feeder complexity, identify lost revenue and increase overall: Efficiency precise management and control of power usage Optimization improved power quality through volt var management Reliability provide real time voltage and power status and control 24/7 The future of power distribution relies on utilities to optimize the network and deliver power to consumers with greater reliability and efficiency at minimal cost know the sensors that best fit your application. ABB Inc November 7, 2012 Slide 36 12

13 Chris Jones, Medium Voltage Power Products/ SEMA 2012 GridSync Medium Voltage Sensors Pinetops Design Project Installation November 7, 2012 Slide 37 Pinetops Design Project Installation Preparation at the top of the pole. Simultaneous preparation of the GridSync sensors on the ground. November 7, 2012 Slide 38 Pinetops Design Project Installation Beginning the assembly lift by the eye-bolt located on the frame. Mounting the frame to the pole with keyed slot on the frame. November 7, 2012 Slide 39 13

14 Pinetops Design Project Installation Securing the mounting frame on the pole. Connecting grounded wire to the mounting frame. November 7, 2012 Slide 40 Pinetops Design Project Installation Securing the cables/conduit to the pole and connecting to the SCC-125 junction boxes. Mounting the communication box to the base of the pole and making ground connection. November 7, 2012 Slide 41 Pinetops Design Project Installation Running the cables/conduit into the control box. Laying bare conductor in split core groove and attaching clamps/cap. November 7, 2012 Slide 42 14

15 Pinetops Design Project Installation Installation Complete: Bucket- Truck View. Control Box View: Phases color-coded. November 7, 2012 Slide 43 15