Cambridge, Making Connections (High Intermediate), Unit 2, Ken Pakenham et al, Part I

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1 Who are today s immigrants Today a new first generation of immigrants is pursuing its dream of a new life in the United States. The backgrounds and experiences of these immigrants are in some ways different from those of the typical European immigrant of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although Europeans are still arriving, the majority of contemporary immigrants come from Asia and Latin America and include refugees from war-torn parts of the world. In addition, some writers have claimed that a greater proportion of the new immigrants are well-educated, but this claim has been challenged and remains unproven. However, it is clear that many of the bettertrained, more prosperous immigrants are not moving into ethnic neighborhoods but instead favor middle-class suburbs. Lastly, the United States of the twenty-first century is no longer expanding its industrial base. Nor is it creating the number of factory jobs that were available for the earlier immigrants. The differences between modern immigrants and earlier European immigrants cannot be ignored in any thorough analysis of the topic. The differences, however, should not be interpreted to mean that the lives and attitudes of modern immigrants are completely different from those of the Europeans who preceded them. In fact, today s immigrants in many ways are following the patterns that were established by earlier immigrants. Although some new immigrants live in middle-class suburbs, Asian and Latin ethnic neighborhoods are alive and well in cities across the United States. For many of today s immigrants, these neighborhoods function in the same way as immigrant neighborhoods traditionally functioned for Europeans as the place to find employment or start a business that serves the ethnic community. For immigrants who don t live in ethnic neighborhoods, the immigrant community remains an important part of their working and social lives. Although its members may not live near each other, the community provides a network of connections and contacts like those in ethnic neighborhoods. Thus, although an ethnic community may not be identified with a specific neighborhood, for the new immigrants, it functions as ethnic neighborhoods have traditionally functioned. It supports them by providing opportunities to socialize and attend religious services with people who know their language and culture. Further, for more recent immigrants wishing to establish businesses, it is a source of both financing and labor. And finally, through the ethnic community, new immigrants can find employers who are willing to hire non-english speakers. Finally, the new immigrants are also like those of a hundred years ago in their willingness to make sacrifices. In their businesses, they work long hours to compete with economically stronger businesses. Some workers accept jobs of lower status than the jobs they had at home. Some, especially those who open stores in neighborhoods that are populated mainly by other ethnic groups, face thehostility of people who may resent their economic success or their mere presence in the neighborhood. For today s new immigrants, as it was for the generations of Europeans who preceded them, adjusting to life in their new country has its own challenges and hardships. Cambridge, Making Connections (High Intermediate), Unit 2, Ken Pakenham et al, 2004 Part I A. Choose the correct evidence for the following statements. Quotes from the text. 1. Immigrants habiting apart from their nationals vicinities still, however, keep a strong bond with them. (a) Today a new first generation of immigrants is pursuing its dream of a new life in the United States. (b) The differences between modern immigrants and earlier European immigrants cannot be ignored in any thorough analysis of the topic. (c) For immigrants who don t live in ethnic neighborhoods, the immigrant community remains an important part of their working and social lives. (d) In their businesses, they work long hours to compete with economically stronger businesses.

2 2. New ethnic neighborhoods work as the earlier European neighborhoods once did. (a) For many of today s immigrants, these neighborhoods function in the same way as immigrant neighborhoods traditionally functioned for Europeans. (b) The differences, however, should not be interpreted to mean that the lives and attitudes of modern immigrants are completely different from those of the Europeans who preceded them. (c) The differences between modern immigrants and earlier European immigrants cannot be ignored in any thorough analysis of the topic. (d) Finally, the new immigrants are also like those of a hundred years ago in their willingness to make sacrifices. 3. Nowadays, the immigrants to the United States are not quite the same as the European immigrants of many years ago. (a) Although Europeans are still arriving, the majority of contemporary immigrants come from Asia and Latin America and include refugees from war-torn parts of the world. (b) The differences between modern immigrants and earlier European immigrants cannot be ignored in any thorough analysis of the topic. (c) For immigrants who don t live in ethnic neighborhoods, the immigrant community remains an important part of their working and social lives. (d) In fact, today s immigrants in many ways are following the patterns that were established by earlier immigrants. 4. Modern immigrants are as determined to support any cost that may be, as the ones who came before. (a) Finally, the new immigrants are also like those of a hundred years ago in their willingness to make sacrifices (b) In addition, some writers have claimed that a greater proportion of the new immigrants are well-educated, but this claim has been challenged and remains unproven. (c) And finally, through the ethnic community, new immigrants can find employers who are willing to hire non-english speakers. (d) For immigrants who don t live in ethnic neighborhoods, the immigrant community remains an important part of their working and social lives. 5. Sometimes the jobs that immigrants get are not as good as the ones they got in their country of origin. (a) Asian and Latin ethnic neighborhoods are alive and well in cities across the United States. (b) ( ) new immigrants can find employers who are willing to hire non-english speakers. (c) Some workers accept jobs of lower status than the jobs they had at home. (d) For today s new immigrants, as it was for the generations of Europeans who preceded them, adjusting to life in their new country has its own challenges and hardships. B. Choose the equivalents/synonyms for the following words or expressions. 1. Today a new first generation of immigrants is pursuing its dream of a new life in the United States. (line 1) (a) is trying to reach (b) is running from (c) is running to (d) is trying to escape 2. In addition, some writers have claimed that a greater proportion of the new immigrants are well-educated... (line 5)

3 (a) have asked (b) have confirmed (c) have alleged (d) have ensured 3. The differences, however, should not be interpreted to mean that the lives and attitudes of modern immigrants are completely different from those of the Europeans who preceded them.. (line 14) (a) succeeded (b) followed (c) predated (d) centered 4. And finally, through the ethnic community, new immigrants can find employers who are willing to hire non-english speakers. (line 28) (a) invite (b) sack (c) fire (d) engage 5. In their businesses, they work long hours to compete with economically stronger businesses. (Line 25) (a) healthier (b) weaker (c) similar (d) safer C. Choose the most suitable way to complete the sentences according to the ideas expressed in the text. 1. According to the text, the background and experiences of today s immigrants a) are very different from those from the ninetieth and twentieth centuries. b) are to a certain degree different from those from the ninetieth and twentieth centuries. c) are not different from those from the ninetieth and twentieth centuries. d) are diverse from those from the ninetieth and twentieth centuries. 2. The greater number of today s immigrants come from a) Europe and Asia. b) Asia and Latin America. c) Europe and Latin America. d) Europe. 3. Earlier immigrants patterns are now a) being questioned by the new generation of immigrants.

4 b) being forgotten by the new generation of immigrants. c) being pursued by the new generation of immigrants. d) being established by the new generation of immigrants. 4. Immigrant neighborhoods work as a) job finding or business creating launch pads. b) mid class refuge. c) places for immigrants to find a job to others. d) ground for illegal businesses. 5. In order to compete with stronger businesses, immigrants a) have to extend their working schedules. b) have to sacrifice people. c) have to have faith. d) have to socialize and attend religious services. D. Choose the most suitable word to complete the sentences below. A (1) at the entrance to New York Harbor since 1886, the Statue of Liberty is a national and international symbol with multiple meanings. Intended as a sign of friendship (2) the United States and France and as a monument to political (3) in both nations, it has come to represent a broader vision of freedom and democracy and the promise of a better life for the millions of (4) who passed by her as they entered the country. Although the French proposed the statue as a (5) to the United States, the project became a joint effort of the two countries, with France responsible for the statue and the Americans for its pedestal and base. The French commissioned (6) Frederic Auguste Bartholdi to create the statue, and he hoped to complete it for the US centennial in 1876 in recognition of France's assistance in winning the Revolutionary War. Basing his design on the classical Roman figure of a robed goddess of liberty, Bartholdi (7) his statue "Liberty Enlightening the World." She holds a torch in her uplifted right hand and a tablet inscribed with the date July 4, 1776 (in Roman numerals), in her left. At her feet is a broken chain, symbolizing her step forward out of (8) into liberty. The seven spikes of her crown represent the seven continents and the seven seas. Made out of copper, Bartholdi's statue is supported by an iron and steel framework designed by Gustave Eiffel, the engineer who later built the Eiffel Tower. Although only the forearm and the torch were ready for (9) at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, Bartholdi completed his sculpture in 1884, when it was formally (10) to the American ambassador. 1. a) birthmark

5 b) landmark c) growth mark d) question mark 2. a) between b) along c) within d) beside 3. a) games b) oppression c) liberty d) threats 4. a) possibilities b) immigrants c) emigrants d) trains 5. a) surprise b) claim c) gift d) force 6. a) carpenter b) actor c) painter d) sculptor 7. a) denied b) faked c) named d) painted a) bondage b) emancipation c) cleavage d) range a) powerlessness

6 b) fulfillment c) display d) demolition 10. a) presented b) arrested c) reckoned d) questioned Part II A. Choose from the given options the correct verb tense/ form to fill in the blanks : 1. Immigrants usually by boat. a) travel b) are traveling c) travels d) traveled 2. At this moment, hundreds of millions of illegal immigrants to enter into the United States. a) try b) tried c) are trying d) have been trying 3. The United Nations designated the Statue of Liberty a World Heritage. a) have b) has c) did d) will 4. he ever to the United States? a) have; been b) has; been c) haven t; been d) is been 5. When I arrived, the ship to the United States already. a) have; left b) has; left c) will; left d) had; left

7 6. Due to poor life conditions, people to emigrate nowadays. a) continue b) continues c) continued d) have continued 7. People believe that, in the future, immigrants be happier. a) is going to b) would c) are going to d) will 8. Next year, I to the United States. a) will have emigrate b) would emigrate c) am going to emigrate d) had to be emigrated 9. If I had the chance, I emigrate to the United Sates. a) should b) would c) can d) might 10. Recently, I about returning to Portugal. a) had thought b) have been thinking c) am thinking d) been thinking A. Identify and mark the word or expression that is incorrect. Part III 1. The (A) ship to (B) the (C) United States left a (D) hour ago.

8 2. Emigration refer (A) to the phenomenon (B) of leaving one s (C) native country (D). 3. Search (A) for better conditions is (B) what makes people settle (C) in a different (D) place. 4. Unless (A) new jobs become (B) available, youngsters would (C) keep fleeing (D) the country. 5. Mexico is known (A) to having (B) serious border (C) and emigration problems (D). 6. Customs (A) deal with (B) contraband that are (C) smuggled by illegal (D) immigrants into Europe. 7. Over the last few (A) years, UN has reported (B) that efforts to end (C) illegal emigration were unsuccessfully (D). 8. Many (A) of the money that (B) immigrants earn (C) is sent (D) back home.

9 9. Upon (A) arrival, most (B) immigrants have no choice but (C) to live in shoes (D) box rented houses. 10. African Americans (A) still face discrimination (B) when applying for (C) a job, nowadays (D).