VITAMINS AND MINERALS GROUP 14 VITAMINS AND MINERALS

Transcription

1 GROUP VITAMINS ASCOBIC ACID (VITAMIN C) Indication: Prevention and treatment of scurvy, acidify the urine. Unlabeled/investigation indication: In large doses, to decrease the severity of colds, dietary supplementation, indicates a possible decreased risk of death by strokeat doses 45 mg/day administered. Usual Dose: Scurvy: Oral mg 1-2 times/day for at least 2 weeks. Urinary acidification: Oral 4-12 g/day in 3-4 divided doses. Recommended daily allowance (RDA): Upper limit of intake should not exceed 2000 mg/day. Renal: Hyperoxaluria Preparations: Tablets 50 mg ED(ก) CYANOCOBALAMINE (VITAMIN B12) Indication: Treatment of pernicious anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency due to dietary deficiencies or malabsorption diseases, inadequate secretion of intrinsic factor, and inadequate utilization of B12, increased B12 requirements due to pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, hemorrhage, malignancy, liver or kidney disease. Usual Dose: Vitamin B12 deficiency: Oral 250 mcg/day, I.M., deep SubQ: Initial: 30 mcg/day for 5-10 days, maintenance -200 mcg/month. Pernicious anemia: I.M., deep SubQ: 100 mcg/day. Hematologic remission: Oral mcg/day, I.M., SubQ: mcg/month. - Cardiovascular: CHF, peripheral vascular disorder, peripheral vascular thrombosis - Central nervous system: Anxiety, dizziness, headache, hypoesthesia, incoordination, pain, nervousness - Dermatologic: Itching, urticaria, exanthema (transient) - Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, dyspepsia, glossitis, nausea, sore throat, vomiting - Hematologic: Polycythemia vera - Neuromuscular & skeletal: Abnormal gait, arthritis, back pain, myalgia, paresthesia, weakness - Respiratory: Dyspnea, pulmonary edema, rhinitis - Miscellaneous: Anaphylaxis (parenteral) and infection, C (intranasal) Preparations: Tablets 100 mcg ED(ก)

2 FERROUS SULFATE Indication: Prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemias Usual Dose: Treatment of iron deficiency: Oral 300 mg twice daily up to 300 mg 4 times/day. Prophylaxis of iron deficiency: Oral 300 mg/day. - Gastrointestinal: Stomach cramping, constipation, nausea, vomiting, dark stools, diarrhea, staining of teeth - Genitourinary: Discoloration of urine Pregnancy risk factor: A Preparations: Tablets 300 mg ED(ก) FBC Indication: For anemia. Usual Dose: Oral 1 tablet 2-3 times/day GI discomfort Pregnancy risk factor: N/A Preparations: Tablets 300 mg NED (Fe fumarate 200 mg, vit B1 2 mg, vit B2 2 mg, vit B12 5 mcg, vit C 20 mg, niacin 10 mg, folic acid 100 mcg, Ca phosphate tribasic 100 mg) FOLIC ACID Indication: Treatment of megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias due to folate deficiency, dietary supplement to prevent neural tube defects. Usual Dose: Oral 400 mcg/day. Note: Females at high risk or with family history of neural tube defects: 4 mg/day. Allergic reaction, bronchospasm, flushing, malaise, pruritus, rash. Pregnancy risk factor: A Preparations: Tablets 5 mg ED(ก)

3 MULTIVITAMIN (MTV) Indication: Used as dietary supplements. Usual Dose: As directed. Pregnancy risk factor: N/A Preparations: Tablets ED(ก) (Vit A 2,500 iu, vit D 300 iu, vit B1 1 mg, vit B2 0.5 mg, vit C 15 mg, nicotinamide 7.5 mg) PHYTNADIONE (VITAMIN K) Indication: Prevention and treatment of hypoprothrombinemia caused by coumarin derivative-induced or other drug-induced vitamin K deficiency, hypoprothrombinemia caused by malabsorption or inability to synthesize vitamin K, hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Usual Dose: SubQ, I.M., I.V.: Initial mg (rarely up to 50 mg) - Cardiovascular: Cyanosis, flushing, hypotension - Central nervous system: Dizziness - Dermatologic: Scleroderma-like lesions - Endocrine & metabolic: Hyperbilirubinemia - Gastrointestinal: Abnormal taste - Local: Injection site reactions - Respiratory: Dyspnea - Miscellaneous: Anaphylactoid reactions, diaphoresis, hypersensitivity reactions Pregnancy risk factor: C Lactation: Enters breast milk/use caution (APP rates "compatible") Preparations: Injection 10 mg/ml ED(ก) PYRIDOXINE HCL (VITAMIN B6) Indication: Prevention and treatment of vitamin B6 deficiency, pyridoxine-dependent seizures in infants, adjunct to treatment of acute toxicity from isoniazid, cycloserine, or hydrazine overdose. Usual Dose: Dietary deficiency: Oral10-20 mg/day for 3 weeks. Drug-induced neuritis:treatment: Oral mg/24 hours, prophylaxis: Oral mg/24 hours. Seizures and/or coma from acute isoniazid toxicity: I.M./I.V equal to the amount of INH ingested can be given, if the amount INH ingested is not known, administer 5 g I.V. pyridoxine. Acute hydrazine toxicity: I.M./I.V 25 mg/kg in divided doses.

4 Central nervous system: Headache, seizure (very large I.V. doses), sensory neuropathy - Endocrine & metabolic: Decreased serum folic acid secretions - Gastrointestinal: Nausea - Hepatic: Increased AST - Neuromuscular & skeletal: Paresthesia - Miscellaneous: Allergic reactions Preparations: Tablets 10 mg ED THIAMINE HCL (VITAMIN B1) Indication: Treatment of thiamine deficiency including beriberi, Wernicke's encephalopathy, Korsakoff's syndrome, neuritis associated with pregnancy, or in alcoholic patients and dietary supplement. Usual Dose: Parenteral nutrition supplementation: 6 mg/day may be increased to mg/day with history of alcohol abuse. Thiamine deficiency (beriberi): I.M. or I.V 5-30 mg/dose 3 times/day (if critically ill) then orally 5-30 mg/day in single or divided doses 3 times/day for 1 month. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: I.M. or I.V. 100 mg/day followed by mg/day orally. Wernicke's encephalopathy: I.V. 100 mg then mg/day until consuming a regular, balanced diet. Reported with injection - Cardiovascular: Cyanosis - Central nervous system: Restlessness - Dermatologic: Angioneurotic edema, pruritus, urticaria - Gastrointestinal: Hemorrharge into GI tract, nausea, tightness of the throat - Local: Induration and/or tenderness at the injection site (following I.M. administration) - Neuromuscular & skeletal: Weakness - Respiratory: Pulmonary edema - Miscellaneous: Anaphylactic/hypersensitivity reactions (following I.V. administration), diaphoresis, warmth Lactation: Enters breast milk/use caution (AAP rates "compatible") Preparations: Tablets 100 mg ED(ก), Injection 100 mg/ml ED(ก)

5 THIAMINE HCl + PYRIDOXINE HCl + CYANOCOBALAMIN(VITAMINB1+B6+B12) Indication: For neural disturbance & anemic conditions. Usual Dose: Oral 1 tablets 2-3 times/day. IM 1 amp daily or 1 amp twice weekly for maintenance dose. See individual agent. Pregnancy risk factor: See individual agent. Lactation: See individual agent. Preparations: Tablets NED (Vit B1 100 mg+ Vit B6 7.5 mg+ Vit B12 75 mcg, Vit B1 100 mg+ Vit B6 200 mg+ Vit B mcg ),Injection NED (Vit B1 100 mg+ Vit B6 50 mg+ Vit B mcg) VITAMIN B COMPLEX Indication: For vitamin b complex deficiency states, prevention and treatment of beri-beri,supplement in pregnant & lactating women. Usual Dose: Oral 1 tablets 2-3 times/day. IM 1 ml once a day. See individual agent. Pregnancy risk factor: A (RDA recommended doses) Preparations: Tablets NED (Vit B1 mononitrate 5 mg+vit B2 2 mg+vit B6 2 mg+nicotinamide 20 mg), Injection NED (Vit B1 100 mg, Vit B2 0.5 mg, Vit B6 1 mg, Niacinamide 100 mg) 14.2 MINERAL CALCIUM CARBONATE Indication: Treatment and prevention of calcium deficiency or hyperphosphatemia. Usual Dose: Hypocalcemia: Oral 1-2 g or more/day in 3-4 divided doses. Dietary supplementation: Oral 500 mg to 2 g divided 2-4 times/day. Osteoporosis: Oral (adults >51 years) 1200 mg/day. - Central nervous system: Headache - Endocrine & metabolic: Hypophosphatemia, hypercalcemia - Gastrointestinal: Constipation, laxative effect, acid rebound, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, xerostomia, flatulence - Miscellaneous: Milk-alkali syndrome with very high, chronic dosing and/or renal failure Pregnancy risk factor: Available evidence suggests safe use during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Lactation: Available evidence suggests safe use during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Preparations: Tablets 835 mg ED(ก)