(Mycobacteria tuberculosis)

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1 :25: (Tuberculosis) (Mycobacteria tuberculosis) (02) DOI: /ICJ

2 268 (Robert Koch) (Streptomycin) (Selman Abraham Waksman) 1952 [1] [2] , , [3] (World Health Organization, WHO) (strict aerobes)

3 269 (Gram stain) (acid fast stain) (Norcardia) (Rhodococcus) 20 2~3 [4] [5] (primary infection) (latent tuberculosis) (reactivation) (reactivation) [6] [7] (Bacelle Calmette- Guèrin, BCG) [8] [9] 7% 3% [10]

4 270 [11] 5,000~10,000 [12] 10 [13] (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) (Nontubercuulosis mycobacteria, NTM) [14] (Nucleic acid amplification test) [13] X X [15,16] X 10%

5 271 (Tuberculin skin test) (Interferon- release assays, IGRAs) [16,17] (Directly observed treatment, short course, DOTS) 85% [16,18]

6 N95 14 [19] ;13: ;13: :111, ( ) 2013: Nagin D, Pavelchak N, London M, et al: Control of tuberculosis in the workplace engineering controls. Occupational medicine: State of the art reviews 1994;9: Peter MS, Paula IF: Management of tuberculosis in the United States. N Engl J Med 2001;345: Annelies van R, Robin W, Madeleine R, et al: Exogenous Reinfection as a Cause of Recurrent Tuberculosis after Curative Treatment. N Engl J Med 1999;341: Colditz GA, Brewer TF, Berkey CS, et al: Efficacy of BCG vaccine in the prevention of tuberculosis: meta-analysis of the published literature. JAMA 1994;271: Naomi E A, Mathuram S, George W C, et al: Long-term Efficacy of BCG Vaccine in American Indians and Alaska NativesA 60-Year Follow-up Study. JAMA 2004;291: Stefan Grzybowski: Cost in tuberculosis control. Tubercle 1987;68: Mase SR, Ramsay A, Ng V, et al: Yield of serial sputum specimen examinations in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007;11: Thomas W R, Nelson P M: Increased sensitivity of acid fast stain. J Clin Microbiol 1980;11: LFF Kox: Tests for detection and identification of mycobacteria. How should they be used? Respir Med 1995;89: Kevin LW, Erin M, Brian K, et al: Pulmonary nontuberculosis Mycobacterial disease: Prevalence and clinical features An emerging public health disease. Am J Respir Criti Care Med 2010;182: Andreu J, Caceres J, Pallisa E, et al: Radiological manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis. Eur J Radiol 2004;51: Haileyesus G, Alberto M, Richard E C, et al: Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. N Engl J Med 2015;372: ;23: Wo r l d H e a l t h O rg a n i z a t i o n : Tr e a t m e n t of Tuberculosis: Guidelines for National Programmers 3rd edition () 2009:

7 273 A Survey on Tuberculosis: Recall the Past, Gauge the Present, and Look into the Future Chun-Yu Lai Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Historically, tuberculosis is an important disease that continues to affect large populations in spite of having identified the causative pathogen, discovering antituberculosis drugs, and developing new diagnostic tools. Increasing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) -associated tuberculosis and resistance to multiple anti-tuberculosis drugs have aggravated the scenario. As is known, Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes air-borne infections. BCG decreases the rate of progression to lethal tuberculosis but prevents all infections. The most effective strategy to decrease the prevalence of tuberculosis and cure the infected patients is to quarantine the latter. Accurate diagnosis of active tuberculosis depends on correct sputum collection, acid-fast stain, and culture accompanied by imaging. Unfortunately, increasing prevalence of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria confounds clinical judgment. Moreover, curing patients with tuberculosis is challenging owing to the number of medications that need to be taken for a long duration, and the frequent adverse effects caused by these medications. Directly Observed Treatment Short (DOTS) is effective in improving drug compliance of the patient and decreasing the development of drug resistance. However, it is important to bear in mind that preventive measures are also necessary. Seeking, elucidating, and curing the latent form of tuberculosis will be the next step to eradicating the disease. Key words: Tuberculosis

Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases

Infectious Diseases Protocol Appendix B: Provincial Case Definitions for Reportable Diseases Disease: Tuberculosis Revised August 2015 Tuberculosis 1.0 Provincial Reporting Confirmed and suspect cases