History Controlled Assessment Task. Nazi Treatment of the Jewish Community

Transcription

1 General Certificate of Secondary Education History Controlled Assessment Task Unit 3: Investigative Study Nazi Treatment of the Jewish Community [GHY31] VALID FROM SEPTEMBER 2015 MAY 2016 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Answer both questions. The candidate should show evidence of having studied and evaluated between 10 and 15 sources in their Investigative Study. The sources which accompany the tasks must be used as part of the Investigative Study. The time allocation of 3 hours for the formal write-up of the task must not be exceeded. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES Controlled Assessment is marked out of 50. Question 1 is worth 15 marks and Question 2 is worth 35 marks. Quality of written communication will be assessed in both questions. You should aim to write approximately 2000 words in total. Candidates work to be submitted May 2016 Controlled Assessment Tasks must comply with the Regulations as detailed in the Subject Specifi cation. NB: Some Controlled Assessment Tasks instructions may constitute more than 1 page. Please check you have all the information you need to complete the task if printing from a computer. 1 [Turn over

2 Controlled Assessment Task: Nazi Treatment of the Jewish Community Answer both questions. You should use the source material provided and other evidence gathered during your investigative research to complete your answers. Source A From an Internet website, on the Wannsee Conference, January At the Wannsee Conference, Reinhard Heydrich held a meeting to consider what to do with a large number of prisoners in Germany s concentration camps. At the meeting they decided on what became known as the Final Solution. From that date on, the extermination of the Jews became a systematically organised operation. It was decided to build extermination camps in the East that could kill large numbers. Source B From a speech by Hitler, As soon as I have power, I shall have gallows after gallows erected. The Jews will be hanged one after another, and they will stay hanging until they stink. As soon as they are untied, then the next groups will follow and that will continue until Germany is rid of the last Jew. Source C An excerpt from the film, Conspiracy, about the Wannsee Conference, released in Permanent gas chambers will operate at three camps Treblinka, Sobibór and Belzec. The Jews will hold the bricks and build the buildings themselves. And when the structures are complete, we will be able to process 2500 an hour, not a day, an hour dead Jews every day. Source D From Masters of Death by Richard Rhodes, published in The SS-Einsatzgruppen were killing squads that travelled from village to village in Eastern Europe with the aim of murdering all or most of the Jews in the area. It was only after months of this process that the Nazis decided they needed a less public way of killing. 1.5 million Jews were killed by the Einsatzgruppen. 2 [Turn over

3 Source E From the testimony of Fritz Hoefer at the Einsatzgruppen War Crimes Trial in He is speaking about the massacre at Babi Yar in Naked Jews were led to a pit about 150 metres long, 30 metres wide and 15 metres deep. Members of the Schutzpolizei grabbed them and made them lie down over the corpses of Jews who had already been shot. It took no time. As soon as a Jew lay down, a Schutzpolizist came along with a sub-machine gun and shot him in the back of the head. Source F From an article in History Review magazine, published in Some historians believe that Hitler s words and actions as a Nazi, which can be traced back to the early 1920s, prove that he always intended to get rid of the Jews. They also claim that the anti-semitic policies were created and carried out by the Nazi leadership following a clear plan, fi rst in Germany and then in other countries they occupied during the war. Source G From an article by Eli Barnavi, The Final Solution: How the Nazis planned and executed the systematic murder of European Jewry. Belzec, Sobibór and Treblinka formed part of what the Nazis called Operation Reinhard whose sole purpose was the systematic massacre of Jews. A labour camp existing in Belzec since 1940 was turned into an extermination camp in the autumn of 1941, becoming operational in March Source H From an order sent to Reinhard Heydrich by Hermann Göring, 31 July To complete the task given to you on 24 January 1939 of solving the Jewish question in the most convenient way possible, I now order you to make all necessary preparations for an overall solution to the Jewish question. I further order you to submit to me a plan to move forward on the fi nal solution to the Jewish question. 3 [Turn over

4 Source I A modern photograph of one set of ovens in the crematorium at Auschwitz Birkenau extermination camp, Source J Statistics showing the estimated number of European Jews killed between 1933 and 1942 from The Destruction of the European Jews by Raul Hilberg, published in Year Number of Jews killed Under [Turn over

5 Questions AVAILABLE MARKS 1 Explain why life in the ghettos was diffi cult for the Jewish Community after [15] 15 2 Source A claims that, following the Wannsee Conference, the extermination of the Jews became a systematically organised operation. Using all the evidence you have studied (including interpretations and representations), how far would you agree with this interpretation that the Wannsee Conference was the most important turning point in the Nazi treatment of the Jewish Community? [35] 35 Total 50 5 [Turn over