A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software
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1 1 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Game Theory, Competition and Cooperation Alexandre Oliva lxoliva@fsfla.org Copyright 2005, 2006 Alexandre Oliva; 2009 FSFLA (last modified April 2009) Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this entire document worldwide without royalty, provided the copyright notice, the document s official URL, and this permission notice are preserved.
2 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 2 Summary John Forbes Nash Jr, a Beautiful Mind Game Theory Free Software
3 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 3 John Nash Mathematician awarded 1994 s Nobel Prize Inspiration for A Beautiful Mind movie Proponent of Nash Equilibrium Game Theory Economics
4 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 4 How (not) to get laid In competition, individual ambition serves the common good. Adam Smith
5 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 5 How (not) to get laid Russel Crowe as John Nash: If we all go for the blonde we block each other.
6 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 6 How (not) to get laid Not a single one of us is going to get her.?
7 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 7 How (not) to get laid So then we go for her friends...
8 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 8 How (not) to get laid... but they will all give us the cold shoulder, because? nobody likes to be second choice.?
9 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 9 How to get laid Well, what if no one of us goes for the blonde? We don t get in each other s way, and we don t insult the other girls. That s the only way we win. That s the only way we all get laid.?
10 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 10 Adam Smith needs revision The best result will come from everybody in the group doing what s best for himself, and the group. Russel Crowe as John Nash
11 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 11 Game Theory Framework to reason about strategies Players are rational and selfish Applications Economics Auctions Military Getting laid :-)
12 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 12 Prisoners Dilemma Two burglars caught near a crime scene No evidence other than concealed weapon Each one is offered the same deal: confess and testify, no jail time if both do, 10 years for both deny and go to jail for 1 year if the other testifies, serve for 15 years
13 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 13 Prisoners Dilemma Bob Jail time confess deny Al confess 10\10 0\15 deny 15\ 0 1\ 1 No communication no cooperation Dominant strategy leads to worst result
14 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 14 Tragedy of the Commons Commoners use area to graze cattle Costs are shared, value isn t Cattle Value Cost n k p n k cn n N n + 1 k p (n + 1) k cn+1 n+1 N+1 Overuse depletes common resource Free riding: polluting, overfishing, spamming
15 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 15 Nash Equilibrium Generalizes dominant strategies No player can individually increase payoff 1\1 1\1 1\1 0\0
16 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 16 Gentlemen Prefer Blondes 1\1 1\2 2\1 0\0 Maximin leaves the blonde alone Credible commitments enable Pareto Optima
17 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 17 A Beautiful Mind meets Free Software
18 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 18 Timeline Software was Free Vendors made it proprietary Unix GNU project GNU General Public License Kernel Linux Unix System V BSD
19 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 19 Essential Software Freedoms Run (Freedom 0) Study and Adapt (Freedom 1) Copy and Redistribute (Freedom 2) Improve and distribute (Freedom 3)
20 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 20 Proprietary Software Vendors Seek edge by denying freedoms No-cooperation competition Minimize losses to competitors Maximizing payoff, value, or none? Individual ambition serves the common good Adam Smith Prisoners go to jail
21 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 21 BSD-like Free Software Vendors Only requirement is attribution Sharing is good Cooperation is welcome Free riders are accepted Tragedy of the commons
22 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 22 GNU General Public License If you get the binaries, you can get the sources Copyleft: for all, rights Preserved No further requirements Copyleft software remains Free
23 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 23 GNU GPL-ed Free Software Vendors Competition with cooperation Seek edge by improving on the commons Contributing back Better grounds to build upon The best result will come from everybody in the group doing what s best for himself, and the group John Nash Credible commitment
24 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 24 Choosing the best strategy License Proprietary BSD-like GNU GPL Costs k 1 k n b k n g Similar software with similar production costs Market divided evenly among competitors Proprietary vendors can t share costs Relicensing BSD-like code
25 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 25 GNU Philosophy GNU/Linux Credit Freedom Open Source?
26 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 26 Further Resources Roger A. McCain s Strategy and Conflict: An Introductory Sketch of Game Theory top/eco/game/game.html Theodore L. Turocy and Bernhard von Stengel s Game Theory Files/cdam pdf on Game Theory
27 A Beautiful Mind Meets Free Software Alexandre Oliva 27 Free the Software!
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