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- Laurence Garrett
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1 : їєїаї їіїґїґїі 1є7ї їіїіїєї : 1є7ї ї ї їґї їєї ї їіїёї ї ї 1є7ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї ї їії ї ї їёїєїії 1є7ї ї ї їёїєї ї ї їёїєїёїії ї їґїї 1є7 ї 1є7їёї їії їії ї їґїї 1є7ї ї ї їії їії ї ї 1є7ї її 1є7їЁїёї ї їёїєїё Paper is analytical review of regularities of physic-chemical and other properties of heavy oils, which are considered as main reserve of oil production for future years The main of regularities of regional distribution of heavy oils is considered. It is shown that the most heavy oils in Russia are in Timano-Pechora and Precaspian oil-bearing basins. The characteristics of regularities of heavy oil density changes depends on depth is given. It is shown oil density decreases with depth growth. Maximum value of heavy oils density is in Mesozoic rocks and its minimum value is in Precambrian rocks. In average, heavy oils is high viscous, sulfur, high resin, high asphaltenes ones and with small content of paraffin's and content of IBP 200 ЦC Є, Є , , є 0 4 [1, 2] є 0 7 є є і 0 4 є б є є 0 7 є і є б є є 0 7 є c є є , б б і є і б є є є є є і є і 0 9 [3] 0 5 є є є є 0 7 є є 0 6 б б б , б є 0 8 є і і є є є і 0 5 є є є є є є 0 6 є б і і, 0 9 б є , є і. 0 0 є є 0 6 є 0 1 [4 7] є є є і є і і і є є є є і є і б і і 0 8 є, б є 0 6 і 0 8 є і є Є є є є є є б є , є є є і, є є і є є ( ) б і є і [8 12] є є є є є є б , є 0 0 і, є б є 0 2 і, є 0 2 і б б є б є 0 2, є [13 25] і б б є є є 0 9 є і є 0 0 [26] б є є є є і і і є є і є і і і є є є є 0 6 і є є б і є 0 1, є 0 4 є б є 0 9 є є 0 8 є і [25] є і ,88 0 0/ є 0 4 і є є і є і є є і, Є є , , і і є 0 6 б є є є є є 0 6 є є є є є 0 6 Є є є 0 8 є є є , Є є є і є ( є і є і ,88 0 0/ ) є 0 8 є є є є є 0 4 є б є є і є, б є є і б є і і є є і б і і є і є є - б , 0 5 є 0 7 є а і є і , 0 8 є і є є- 0 0 є і
2 є є є є є є і є 0 8 є є і б б є і є 0 7 є і є і і і, 0 0/ є і є б і , є 0 9 і , є , є є і , є 0 8 є , , є є є , б і 0 9 і , б і , і є , є 0 7 є а і , і є , , є , є є- 0 0 є , є і 0 9 і , і 0 9 і , є 0 9 і , і 0 9 і , , є є , є , є є 0 5 є є і є є , є є , є і і ( є і є б ) є є і , є і б 0 6 і , є є є 0 7 є і , є є є і є є є 0 8 є є 0 8 є є є і є є 0 4 є є є є і ( ) і і, б є б є Є б є є і є є є 0 8 є є є є є є і і є є і є є є є і 0 8 є і і є є 0 9 б є [12, 26 29], є є б 0 2 є є 0 9 б є є є є і є є є є 0 0 б є є Є є є і [12] є є 0 0 б є є є є є є є 0 1 є , є є є 0 0 б є є є є є є 0 9 б є є є 0 1 є є є є 0 8 є є 0 9 б є 0 8 є є 0 4 є і є є б є 0 4 є є є є є є і і є є і Є 0 2 є є є і, є є 0 7 є б б є 0 8 є є 0 4 є і 0 1 б є 0 9 є [26] є є є є є 0 4 є- 22
3 є є Є 0 2 є є є б є 0 4 є і і б є є є є є 0 4 є і 0 5 є є є б є 0 4 є , є є 0 7 < 20 ( 2 / 0 9) є б є 0 7 > б є < 0, є ,8 б 0, , і ,84 б 0,88 ( 0 0/ ) є ,88 б 0, є 0 4 є б є 0 9 є є 0 2 є є 0 7 < 0, , є 0 7 0,5 б 1 (%) є б є 0 7 > є 0 2 є є 0 7 < , є б 13 (%) є 0 7 < є 0 2 є є є є 0 7 < 3 є є , є є є б 10 (%) є є є 0 7 > є 0 2 є є 0 8 є є 0 7 < є 0 8 є , 0 7 є 0 8 є є б 10 (%) є 0 8 є є 0 7 > є є є 0 2 < є Ц 0 5, (%) є є б є є 0 2 > є є є 0 2 < є Ц 0 5, (%) є є б є є б б є є б і і Є і 0 5 є є є є є є є є є є є є і, 0 9 б є [25]. 0 6 є 0 5 є є є є 0 1 є є є є і і і. 0 8 є є і є є Є і 0 1 є є є і є 0 8 є, є є 0 2, б % Є б є і 0 8 є є 0 0 є б 0 6 і і і є і є б 0 6 і є , , є 0 9 є є б є і і є є 0 0 є є , є є , є є і є і є і б і є є , 0 5 є 0 7 є є і є і є і і є і є 0 8 є. 23
4 є є б і є і 0 8 є є 0 4 є і є б є , 2 / ,36 80, є , є 0 9. % ,00 0, є є 0 8 є , є 0 9. % ,64 0, є , є 0 9. % ,81 0, є 0 2 є є , є 0 9. % ,67 0, є Ц 0 5, є 0 9. % ,07 0, є Ц 0 5, є 0 9. % ,85 1, є Ц 0 5, є 0 9. % ,30 1, є є є , є 0 9. % 162 0,02 0, є , є 0 9. % 125 0,01 0, є є, є 0 9. % 4 0,0004 0, є є, є 0 9. % 4 0,0002 0, є / 0 0 є ,46 0, є 0 8 є є 0 9 є, Ц ,38 1, є є , 0 3 є ,06 0, є і є і є. 0 0 є є 0 6 Є є є 0 8 є є є є є [8 10] б б і є є є є і 0 8 є. 0 8 є є , (> 35 2 / 0 9), (1 б 3%), (> 13%), є 0 2 є є (3 б10%) є Ц 0 5 (> 25%), є є Ц 0 5 (< 20%) 0 7 є 0 8 є (< 5%). 0 4 є є є і є і є є є є є і є і є б , є , є є 0 6, б 0 6 є і 0 4, є і є б є б 0,88 0 0/ є є є є є і є є є є є є і є є і є є і б б є і є і є і є і 0 9 є і і, 0 0/ є 0 5 і 0 9 і , є і , і , і є є і , є 0 7 є і , і 0 9 і , і , і , і 7 6с1 6с1 0, є і 0 9 і , є 0 9 є і , є б і ,844 24
5 , і є є є і 0 2 ( %), 0 1 є є 0 7 є і є 0 9 є і ( % ) є і є є є 0 6 Є є є є і є є Є є є 0 4 є є є є і, б є і, б є і і є є і і і є і є , б є є є і є (0, / ), є і (0, / ) є і (0, / ) є і є (0,810 0, / ). 0 8 є 0 8 є 0 8 є є є є і є є Є є 0 7: є є 0 0 є є , є і є 0 9 ( / Є б є і і є ), є б є є є і є 0 9 (15,2 13,5% ) є є і і є є (8%), є є є є є і є 0 9 (6,4 6,3% ), є є є і, є і, і, і, 0 5 є 0 1 є і, і, і є , є є 0 2, , , а 0 2 б , є є є є б , б і є і є є є є є 0 9 є , і , б , є є , є є Ц 0 5, 0 6 є є 0 8 є є є Ц 0 5 ( є ) є , і є і є є б і є і 0 8 є є 0 6, є і є є , , є 0 8 є є є 0 2 і Ц і і є є є є є є і і є є є є є є є і і і 0 4 є є є є є є є і 0 8 є ( є), 0 9 б є , ( ). 0 8 є є, і ( %) 0 8 є є 0 0 є є , % є є , / і є є є є є / і 0 8 є є є Є є : 0 6 є є б і є і є 0 4 є і є б є , 2 / ,19 88, є , є 0 9. % ,21 0, є є 0 8 є , є 0 9. % ,37 0, є , є 0 9. % ,92 0, є 0 2 є є , є 0 9. % ,48 0, є Ц 0 5, є 0 9. % ,11 1, є Ц 0 5, є 0 9. % ,12 2, є Ц 0 5, є 0 9. % ,85 1, є є є , є 0 9. % 66 0,03 0, є , є 0 9. % 45 0,01 0, є є, є 0 9. % 4 0,0004 0, є є, є 0 9. % 4 0,0002 0, є / 0 0 є ,49 0, є 0 8 є є 0 9 є, Ц ,44 1, є є , 0 3 є ,78 1,01 25
6 1 3 є) ) є і 0 8 є ( є) ( ) є є 0 7. є є ,7% і, %, є і ,1% є 0 9 є є 0 1 ( ) ,2% ( ) ( %) 0 4 є є 0 6 є , є б є ( є). 0 8 є , є і ( %) є є є % є є , є б є б і є є є 0 7 є б є , є і і. 0 4 є є є є є є є 0 0 б є і і 0 8 є ( є) ( ) є є є є є є 3- і а є є 0 4 є 0 4 є є 0 0 є є б , є 0 4 є є є б 0 2 і є є є , є є є є є є є є 0 7 є є і є 0 2, б є б і і є б 0 2 і і є Є є є є є 0 9 є Є є 0 6 Є є і і б є 0 9 є Є є 0 6 Є є є є є і є є є б є є 0 5 є б є ( є і і 0 9 є 0 7, і 0 9 є 0 7, 0 7 є і 0 9 є і 0 9 є 0 7) є є 0 0 б є є є є, є і є є є ( є і, б є % Є б є і) є б і 0 4 є є є і (28 29% ), є і % є є б є і 0 4 є і є б є 0 9 є є 0 4 і є є є є є є 0 0 б і 0 3 є є 0 7, 0 7 є є 0 7, є 0 7, є 0 7, 0 8 є є 0 7, є 0 7, є є 0 7, є 0 7, і 0 9 є 0 7, є і 0 9 є є) ) є і 0 8 є ( є) ( ) є є
7 1 3 є) ) є і 0 8 є б є ( є) є є 0 0 б є ( ) ( ). 0 8 є , є є б є і 0 6 є є є є 0 7 ( ), є 0 7 ( ) є 0 7 ( ) є є 0 0 б (20,4, 13,6 13,1% ). 0 8 є б 0 4 і є є і і і є 0 4 є 0 5 ( є), б є і є є є є % Є б є і і є 0 6, є і і ( є) є ( є) є , є є і і і і і 0 4 є б ( % ) є б є є б і б і і є є 0 1 ( є 7 є) є б є є , є є б є і і 0 6 є є є і ( і) є є 0 0 б і , і є є ,3% Є б є і б є і 0 9 є і ( і), і ( і) і ( ) є є 0 0 б є є б є є ,1, 11,8 11,3% Є б є і і. 0 4 є і 0 8 є є б є 0 9 є є є і є 0 9 є б є є є є, є Є і : 0 9 є і є є є є б і (0, / ), є є б є є б і ,912 0, / і є ( , / ) і 0 4 є є є ( є) 0 9 є 0 4 є б є є є, і б є 0 9 є Є є 0 6 Є є є і 0 8 є є є 0 0 б є 0 5 є. 0 8 є є 0 0 є, є 0 9 є є б є є і б і і, 0 9 б є , є є і , б є і і є) ) є і б є ( є) є є 0 0 б є ( ) 27
8 1 3 є) ) і 0 8 є є є 0 9 є б є ( є) є є 0 0 б є ( ). є) ) і є є 0 9 є б є ( є) є є 0 0 б є ( ) є є ( є є є є є є і б є 0 9 є і є б [30, 31]. 0 1 є , є є б , є і б є є є 0 0 б є 0 5 є. 0 8 є є, і і, є і є є, є є і б є 0 9 є Є є 0 6 Є є 0 2, б є і б і ( є і ) є б і і є і і Є є 0 9 є. 0 5 є б є є є є і 0 4 є і є і і і є і є є і і і є є 0 9 б є є Є є є і і ( є і є б ) є є і , є і б 0 6 і , є є є 0 7 є і , є є є і є є б , 0 5 є 0 7 є а і є і , 0 8 є і є є- 0 0 є і є і є 0 8 є є 0 4 є , б % і 0 8 є є 0 0 є б 0 6 і б 34% і і , є і 0 8 є Є є і і ( % Є б є і). 0 1 є є є 0 0 є є б є і є 0 1, і ( %) є є є
9 і 0 2, є 0 7 є (15%) є 0 9 є (11%) є і є є є і і є є є є 0 4 є 0 5, б є є є є і є б є 0 9 є є 0 4 є 0 6, б % % і і 0 8 є є 0 0 є є і , , 0 9 є і ( і) (20 34% ) є , б 0 6 є ( є і , є ) є є і і Є є 0 6 Є є 0 1, є є і є є , і б є 0 9 є Є є 0 6 Є і 0 9 є 0 9 б і є є і б і і є 0 4 є 0 5, б , є є , 0 6 є є 0 8 є є є Ц є 0 6, є і є є є 0 8 є , є є 0 2 і Ц і і 0 6 є є є є 0 6 є є є є ( ) є , 0 0 є 0 5 і 0 9 і , 0 1 є б є б Є і б // і є є 0 6 б , // є є є є є 0 6 і 0 9 є 0 9 є є є б є // , є 0 8 є є 0 6 є є і Є , 0 8 Є : є є є і б і // є Є , 0 8 Є є і є 0 4 // I є є б є є б є ( є, є ). 0 0.: є б є 0 3, Є, Є є і є є // 0 0 є є є б є б б є, є, 0 8 є є 0 4 є 0 3 ( ) : 0 0STT 0 3, Є , 0 8 Є є 0 9 б і є є і є 0 4 // є , , Є, Є є є є є є і є є є 0 4 є // є 0 6 Є 0 2 і , , Є, Є є 0 4 є 0 1 є б є // є 0 4 є Є , 0 8 Є , , є 0 4 є 0 1 є є б і є є 0 4 є ( є 0 4 є) // є і і є є є 0 2 є є є є Є , 0 8 Є , , є 0 4 є 0 1 є є б і є є 0 4 є ( є 0 4 є), 0 4 є є є є , Є , 0 8 Є є 0 9 б і є є є і б і є // є є International Petroleum Encyclopedia. Printed in U.S.A., (Ed. John C. Mc Caslin). Tulsa, Texas: Penn Well Publishing Co., є : , є б є і і і б є є 0 5 є. 0 0: , є б : , є б є 0 9 є 0 4 є 0 4 є 0 7 є є і і і б є : , є б і , 0 8 є 0 4 є є є, є 0 1 є : , є б і : , c є б є є є є є є 0 5 є є. 0 0: є, є б є є є є є є і і є є 0 5 є є 0 5 і б є є є є є : є, c. 29
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