China s Rice-fish Culture and Its Dynamic Conservation Approaches

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1 China s Rice-fish Culture and Its Dynamic Conservation Approaches Min Qingwen Center for Natural and Cultural Heritage Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

2 Main contents History and Current Status Features as a GIAHS Dynamic Conservation Approaches

3 History and Current Status Historical records and archaeological researches showed that China s rice fish culture could be traced back to about 2000 years ago.

4 The earliest written record of rice-fish farming by Fan Li in 400 BC... dig six mu of land into a pond put 2000 fry into the pond sell the rest in the market carp fry could produce numerous eggs. Some wise farmers may have placed excess fry in their rice fields. The fish in the rice fields may have grown better than those in the ponds, and the practice of raising fish in rice fields was born.

5 Two clay models were unearthed in the tombs of the mid-eastern Han Dynasty ( AD): a model of a pond and a model of a rice field. The pond model contained 15 miniature pieces (6 common carp, 1 soft-shell turtle, 3 frogs, and 5 water chestnuts). A stone carving of a pond and rice field model was discovered in the brick tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty (220 AD): Half the stone was carved into a pond with frogs, fish, and ducks. The other half was carved into a rice field with an inlet and outlet, two farmers toiling on one side, and two heaps of manure on the other.

6 However, liking many other traditional agricultural practices, rice-fish culture is facing threatens from the impact of rapid economic growth, urbanization and so-called modern agricultural techniques. The total area of rice-fish in China increase from 667 thousand ha in 1959 to million ha in 2000, but decrease since then. The current area is less than 1.4 million ha. Rice-fish farming area in China, (1000 公顷 ha)

7 Features as a GIAHS GIAHS: remarkable land use systems and landscapes which are rich in biological diversity evolving from the ingenious and dynamic adaptation of a community/population to its environment and their needs and aspirations for sustainable development. A Heritage for the future

8 GIAHS Pilot Systems 1. Andean agriculture (Peru) 2. Chiloe agriculture (Chile) 3. Ifugao rice terraces (Philippines) 4. Oases of the Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia) 5. Rice-fish agriculture (China)

9 The rice-fish culture in Longxian village of Zhejiang Province demonstrates an ingenious approach to generating ecological, economic and social benefits through encouraging essential ecological functions and was selected as one of first GIAHS pilots in 2005.

10 Çà Ìï Ï Ø º ³ÇÕò Õµ Ïç ɽ ÚÕò kilometers 0.1 ÈÊ Õò ½É½Ï ç ÉÛɽ å ÁúÏ Ö å Longxian Village 保护区区位及范围图

11 Naming ceremony

12 Workshops

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15 Popularization

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17 Field survey and scientific research

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19 Master planning Training

20 Productive system Ecological system Cultural system To support livelihood and economic growth To support ecosystem services including biodiversity conservation To support indigenous knowledge and cultural diversity conservation

21 Dynamic Conservation Approaches Its conservation should not be static as is used to the museums. Trying to conserve it by "freezing them in time" would surely lead to their degradation and local to poverty. Organic agricultural production and niche market development; Eco-tourism development; and Ecological compensation or payment for ecological services by local governments and downstream regions.

22 Now Longxian farmers are marketing their smokedried fish as GIAHS fish. The villagers developed a market with overseas Qingtian Chinese. Not only the fish, but the rice will be produced in line with the criteria of GIAHS and a GIAHS labeling system will be established to promote the rice and fish product to the domestic and international markets.

23 There are a lot of tourism resources in Longxian village: core assistant assistant Natural and cultural landscape Mountains and Rivers landscape, plants and animals, historic relics, etc. GIAHS-the Rice Fish system Culture and folk custom Farming culture, fish culture, overseas Chinese culture, folk customs, etc.

24 Tourism develop quickly in Longxian, while most tourists come from adjacent area and only half one day s stay. According to incomplete statistics, the number of tourists increases from 2000 in 2004 to in 2006.

25 The financial transfer. Farmers have to keep the traditional production practice, the lost of the yield should be paid by the government by financial transfer according to the ecological value which brought by the traditional practice. Regional compensation. Residents live in the lower reaches pay to the farmers live in the upper reaches as they help to keep the good eco-environmental conditions.

26 Thank you!