Overview of diode pumped high energy solid state lasers
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1 Overview of diode pumped high energy solid state lasers F. Röser, M. Löser, D. Albach, M. Siebold, U. Schramm, R. Sauerbrey Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) Seite 1
2 Overview High-Energy class diode-pumped solid state lasers Projects worldwide PENELOPE Project Motivation Laser driven ion therapy Project description & status Seite 2
3 Diode-pumping High-power laser diodes: + up to 60% electrical-to-optical efficiency + reduced heat into the laser medium higher brightness than lamps + liftime: 1Gshot (i.e. 10a@10Hz, 200d/a, 10h/d) - Price ($/W) Seite 3
4 High-energy class (HEC-) DPSSLs Seite 4
5 HEC-DPSSLs: MERCURY Yb:S-FAP, 60J, 10Hz, 12% + high efficiency at room temperature + longitudinal pumping & cooling + distributed bulk laser + high gain material sophisticated gas cooling exotic gain medium large quantum defect Seite 5
6 HEC-DPSSLs: MERCURY Seite 6
7 HEC-DPSSLs: DIPOLE cryo Yb:YAG, 7J, 10Hz, 20% DiPOLE high-energy amplifier Seite 7
8 HEC-DPSSLs: HALNA Nd:glass, 22J, 10Hz, 12% + high efficiency at room temperature + large volume gain medium available + no reabsorption at room temperature + high gain material short fluorescence lifetime of Nd large quantum defect transverse pumping 1D aperture/energy scaling Seite 8
9 HEC-DPSSLs: HALNA Seite 9
10 HEC-DPSSLs: GENBU Yb:YAG, 200mJ, 100Hz, 30% + high efficiency + longitudinal cooling + multiple active mirrors cryo cooling energy/aperture scaling limits Seite 10
11 HEC-DPSSLs: GENBU Seite 11
12 HEC-DPSSLs: LUCIA Yb:YAG, 14J, 2Hz, 12% + room temperature operation + active mirror concept + gradient doping option + energy scaling option at multiple active mirrors water cooling (jet plate) Seite 12
13 HEC-DPSSLs: LUCIA Seite 13
14 HEC-DPSSLs: HILASE-Prague/LWS Munich Yb:YAG thin-disk + room temperature operation + commercial thin-disk technology low gain energy scaling limited due to ASE up to 1J feasible Seite 14
15 HEC-DPSSLs: POLARIS-Jena Seite 15
16 HEC-DPSSLs: POLARIS-Jena Yb:glass, 16J, 0.01Hz, 5% + room temperature operation + broad bandwidth (~15nm) operation Yb:CaF 2, 400mJ, 1Hz, 3% + relay imaging cavity + possibly high efficiency + 940nm pumping (no diode stabilazation) low efficiency due to reabsorption low rep-rate 940nm pumping (instead of 980nm) bulk laser design brightness losing pump engine transverse cooling cryo / vacuum technology narrowed bandwidth bulk laser design transverse cooling Seite 16
17 Overview High-Energy class diode-pumped solid state lasers Projects worldwide PENELOPE Project Motivation Laser driven ion therapy Project description & status Seite 17
18 Motivation Laser driven ion therapy Normalized dose future: compact proton accelerators for radiation therapy healthy tissue tumor 1 Photonen Normierte Dosis Protonen ( MeV) Protonen Penetration Eindringtiefe depth in Wasser in water /[cm] Seite 18
19 Motivation Laser driven ion therapy Proton number Conventional ion therapy Laser driven ion therapy Localized dose deposition for high acceleration precise tumour treatment gradients TV/m Benefitial for 10-20% of patients compact source and laser beam transport ~1 ns 1 s GSI Darmstadt Large scale/costly setup: accelerator, beam guidance & radiation shielding Time to ions per pulse Short ion pulses: fs to ps at the source Broad energy spectrum Facility Image courtesy by Stern, Gruner+Jahr AG & Co KG, Germany Dose Image courtesy by O. Jäkel, DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany Seite 19
20 Translational Research - Concept relative effective dose [%] Laser driven dose delivery system Stable & reliable laser proton accelerator Precise beam delivery: Spatial & spectral shaping Clinical practice Clinical trials Real-time dosimetry In vitro - cells In vivo - animals Laser / plasma development 100 Basic research High pulse dose rate radiation Biological effectiveness? Proton energy Increase not monoenergetic, but sufficiently high depth in water [cm] Seite 20
21 Center for high power radiation sources Start in summer 2010 Building finished in summer 2011 Seite 21
22 Center for high power radiation sources Footprint of the extended ELBE (electron accelerator) building New lab space (800 m 2 ): clean rooms workshop cell lab Seite 22
23 Center for high power radiation sources DRACO Laser (Ti:Sa, 4J in 30fs -> ~150TW) and ion acceleration area Seite 23
24 Center for high power radiation sources 2013: DRACO Upgrade Dual ultra-short pulse beam option (50TW / 500TW)) (~1.5/15J in 30fs) Seite 24
25 Center for high power radiation sources Petawatt, Energy-Efficient Laser for Optical Plasma Experiments ~2014/15 - PEnELOPE 150J in <150fs, >1Hz rep rate active medium (Yb:CaF 2 ) fully diode pumped system Seite 25
26 OGZ joint center for radiation research Conventional proton therapy facility (patient treatment start 2014) + unique benchmarking option for in-house laser accelerator direct comparison to conventional proton beam experimental cave laser-driven 43 m Seite 26
27 Overview High-Energy class diode-pumped solid state lasers Projects worldwide PENELOPE Project Motivation Laser driven ion therapy Project description & status Seite 27
28 Layout Goal: 150J, <150fs, 1Hz, >5% o-o eff. Front end: 1) single CPA 2a) double CPA + XPW 2b) OPCPA +pump laser up to 10J (Yb:YAG) Seite 28
29 Laboratory infrastructure Lab space: 340m 2 Tables: 90m² Seite 29
30 Footprint & current status Seite 30
31 Amplifier Design Multi Slab approach tested at 60J, 10Hz (LLNL) & 10J, 6Hz (RAL) low thermal abberations operation at RT + MP pumping possible solid angle for pump & extraction: 4p instead of 2p 4 slabs 110 mm diameter, thickness: 5mm [K. Ertel et.al. Opt. Express 27, (2011)] Seite 31
32 Amplifier Design Final amplifier stage 2 600kW Seite 32
33 Amplifier Design Brightness Requirement 200J) Seite 33
34 Compressor dielectric gratings (PGL) mm² 1760 lines/mm, ~0.5 J/cm 2 Dimensions: m 3 (~15k /m 3 vacuum) Beam diameter: 250mm Seite 34
35 Conclusions Today: Worldwide high energy projects push laser and optics technology, but limited in repetition rate/average power due to heat dissipation timescales Dresden program for laser driven proton therapy with prototype diode pumped PW laser system PEnELOPE. Future: ICAN concept - significant repetition rate scaling ICAN laser profits from experience of large single beam lasers in terms of laser technology, e.g. contrast control, pulse shaping&control, high power optics development Seite 35
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