Link Segment Analysis Net Muscle Moments and Net Joint Forces
|
|
- Randolph Williamson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Link Segment Analysis Net Muscle Moments and Net Joint Forces
2 Back Moments So far we have focused on back moments with simple models that assumed we knew the location of the upper body centre of gravity. Dealing with the model segment by segment allows you to calculate moments about each joint.
3 Link Segment Models Link segment approaches are suitable when the moments and reactive forces at numerous joints are needed. Some studies have shown that lifting under certain conditions is often limited more by the stresses on the lumbar spine than by limitations of strength. Hence numerous muscle moments at various joints are often not needed.
4 Link Segment Models By looking at each segment in sequence we can work our way through the body and calculate muscle moment and NET joint forces at each joint. However, unless we know the insertion point and line of action of a suitable single muscle crossing a joint (or group such as erector spinae and quads) we cannot calculate contact boneon bone forces.
5 Static Equilibrium Equations F y = 0 F x = 0 M = 0
6 Sample Problem (50% male anthropometry) What flexor muscle moment is needed to hold the forearm/hand segments in the position shown? Taking moments about the elbow. Hence the system in question is the forearm and hand. Draw a diagram. To calculate the answer the first step is to calculate the moment arms from the elbow. Forearm = 10.9 cm [1] Hand = = 34.5 cm [1] Moments: 0.109x1.2x-9.81 = Nm 0.345x0.4-9x.81 = Nm Total = Nm [3] Therefore the elbow flexor muscle moment is Nm
7 Additional Question If the forearm flexors insert 3 cm from the axis of rotation of the elbow, what is the muscle force and bone-on-bone force? Moment = Force x Distance 2.65 = F x 0.03 F = N Looking at the free-body diagram again. F= F R =0 F R = N
8 Forces Acting on the Link Segment Model Gravitational forces. Ground reaction forces and other external forces. Muscle forces Joint reaction forces.
9 Calculate the moment at the elbow and shoulder joints. assume this is a static task use the anthropometry table (50%ile male) model the forearm and hand as one segment the force is distributed equally between the arms the force is being applied at the hands COM. Forearm angle from left horizontal = 0º 60 kg Shoulder angle from left horizontal = 30º Trunk angle from left horizontal = 60º
10 M 1 Ry 1 Load/2 mg H mg F Mass: Hand = 3.92 N Forearm = N Upper arm = N _Fy = 0 Ry 1 ( ) = 0 Ry 1 = 310 N _M = 0 M 1 [ * ( )] [11.77 * 0.109] = 0 M = 0 M 1 = Nm Length: Forearm = 25.3 cm Upper arm = 32.2 cm Distance to COM: Hand = 9.2 cm Forearm = 10.9 cm Upper arm = 14.0 cm M 2 -Ry 1 -M 1 mg UA _M = 0 M [310 * (0.322 * cos30º)] [20.60 * (0.14 * cos30º] = 0 M = 0 M 2 = Nm
11 Muscle Strength Prediction
12 Muscle Moments As already discussed, we cannot calculate accurately the muscle forces from our models at most joints. However, we can calculate accurately the muscle moment required at these joints. Simple experiments can be conducted to assess what is the mean and standard deviations of strength across various joints, (i.e. max. joint torque M j + SD).
13 Prediction Tables and Equations Some tables exist that show the maximum strength a population can exert, but they tend to focus on a set angle. That is they will give you the maximum strength at a given angle. For example in the 4D WATBAK program they present data from Askew et. al. (1987) for 90 o elbow angle, and from Koski & McGill (1994) for 0 o shoulder angle (vertical) This is obviously of limited value.
14 Mean Isometric Joint Moments of Force (Nm) [strength values] Stobbe 82 Male %var. Female %var. Hip Flexion Extension Knee Flexion Extension Trunk Flexion Extension % var. = % variability = (S.D./mean) x 100
15 Strength Prediction Equations There is a large variation in strength as joint angle changes: Mj =ƒ _j The adjacent joint may also affect max. torque, particularly if there are 2-joint muscles present (i.e. muscles acting across both joints). A set of equations have been derived that estimate joint strength as a function of posture and gender. For example: S E = [ _ E _ 2 E - 0.5_ S ][G] This allows us to compare the demands of a particular task with population strength data.
16
17 S E = [ E E S ][G] Joint Moment- Strength Mean Prediction Equations U of Michigan What is the predicted male mean strength for elbow flexion (equation above) if E = 140 o and s = 20 o? L5/S1 Hip H T K S Elbow Knee Shoulder E Ankle A
18 SE = [ E E S ][G] SE = [ (140) (140 2 ) - 0.5(20)][0.1913] SE = [ ][0.1913] SE = 71.9 Nm (this is the mean predicted strength) Coefficient of variation = Coeff. of variation = Standard deviation/mean S.D. = x 71.9 = Nm S = 20 o Shoulder E = 140 o We must then decide what % of the population we want to accommodate. Lets say 95% 80 o Elbow
19 Kroemer Page Modelling to the 5 th percentile strength will accommodate 95% of the population. From the Kroemer chapter: X (p) = m + ks [where: m = mean and S = S.D.] k-value for 5 th percentile = So substituting: X (5) = (-1.64) X (5) = X (5) = 42.9 Nm What would the strength of the 1 st percentile be (accommodating 99% of the population)?
20 z-value for 1 st percentile = X (1) = (-2.33) X (1) = X (1) = 30.7 Nm This shows that by accommodating 4% more of the population you have to accept a strength reduction of 28% (12.2/42.9 x 100%) For this reason we would tend to try to accommodate either 95%, 90% or even 75% of the population
21 Problem What is the maximum weight you would recommend for packaging that has to be lifted by a male workforce in both hands in the position opposite? To keep things simpler focus on the elbow and shoulder and ignore L5/S1. 80 o Shoulder 20 o 140 o Elbow
22 A Problem! Strength and anthropometry do not correlate. That is, the 10%tile male in terms of strength is not the 10%tile male in terms of stature, limb lengths and/or body mass. The solution in the absence of specific anthropometry is to develop your model around the 50%tile male, female or general population anthropometry. Use simple male 50%tile Kin201 Anthropometry for this problem
23 Solution Step 1: Determine percentage of male population to be accommodated (e.g. 10%). Step 2: Calculate maximum allowable muscle moment (strength) for average male. Step 3: Calculate maximum allowable muscle moment (strength) for 10%tile. Step 4: Construct link segment model where instead of the unknown being the muscle moment(s) the unknown is the weight of the load.
24 83.9 [0.2845] (19.39) = 59.1 Nm
25 Geometry Review your geometry if you can t follow this process! Shoulder 20 o 80 o 10 o 10 o 80 o 80 o Elbow 100 o 40 o 80 o
26
27 80 o For one arm
28 What about the female workforce? mass (kg) length (cm) distance to COM (cm) Hand Elbow Shoulder
Mechanics of the Human Spine Lifting and Spinal Compression
Mechanics of the Human Spine Lifting and Spinal Compression Hamill and Knutzen: Chapter 7 Nordin and Frankel: Ch. 10 by Margareta Lindh Hall: Ch. 9 (more muscle anatomy detail than required) Low Back Pain
More informationBiomechanical Analysis of the Deadlift (aka Spinal Mechanics for Lifters) Tony Leyland
Biomechanical Analysis of the Deadlift (aka Spinal Mechanics for Lifters) Tony Leyland Mechanical terminology The three directions in which forces are applied to human tissues are compression, tension,
More informationLab #7 - Joint Kinetics and Internal Forces
Purpose: Lab #7 - Joint Kinetics and Internal Forces The objective of this lab is to understand how to calculate net joint forces (NJFs) and net joint moments (NJMs) from force data. Upon completion of
More informationBiomechanics of Lifting and Lower Back Pain S.N. Robinovitch
Biomechanics of Lifting and Lower Back Pain S.N. Robinovitch Outline Epidemiology of lower back pain Strength of spinal segments Lifting models: muscle and intervertebral joint forces (compression and
More informationErgonomic Workplace Evaluation ISE 210, Human Factors and Ergonomics San Jose State University Fall 2003
Ergonomic Workplace Evaluation ISE 210, Human Factors and Ergonomics San Jose State University Fall 2003 Robert Murphy Table of Contents Introduction... 2 Task... 2 Equipment... 4 Workers... 5 Observations
More informationSolution Derivations for Capa #11
Solution Derivations for Capa #11 1) A horizontal circular platform (M = 128.1 kg, r = 3.11 m) rotates about a frictionless vertical axle. A student (m = 68.3 kg) walks slowly from the rim of the platform
More informationPhysics 201 Homework 8
Physics 201 Homework 8 Feb 27, 2013 1. A ceiling fan is turned on and a net torque of 1.8 N-m is applied to the blades. 8.2 rad/s 2 The blades have a total moment of inertia of 0.22 kg-m 2. What is the
More informationEDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 1 - LOADING SYSTEMS
EDEXCEL NATIONAL CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA MECHANICAL PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS NQF LEVEL 3 OUTCOME 1 - LOADING SYSTEMS TUTORIAL 1 NON-CONCURRENT COPLANAR FORCE SYSTEMS 1. Be able to determine the effects
More informationChapter 4. Forces and Newton s Laws of Motion. continued
Chapter 4 Forces and Newton s Laws of Motion continued 4.9 Static and Kinetic Frictional Forces When an object is in contact with a surface forces can act on the objects. The component of this force acting
More informationAUTORIZOVANÝ SOFTWARE PED2D SOFTWARE FOR 2D CAR TO PEDESTRIAN FRONTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS
ODBOR MODELOVÁNÍ HETEROGENNÍCH MATERIÁLŮ A BIOMECHANICKÝCH SYSTÉMŮ AUTORIZOVANÝ SOFTWARE PED2D SOFTWARE FOR 2D CAR TO PEDESTRIAN FRONTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS Autor: Ing. Luděk Hynčík, Ph.D. Číslo projektu:
More informationDr. Enas Elsayed. Brunnstrom Approach
Brunnstrom Approach Learning Objectives: By the end of this lab, the student will be able to: 1. Demonstrate different reflexes including stimulus and muscle tone response. 2. Demonstrate how to evoke
More informationv v ax v a x a v a v = = = Since F = ma, it follows that a = F/m. The mass of the arrow is unchanged, and ( )
Week 3 homework IMPORTANT NOTE ABOUT WEBASSIGN: In the WebAssign versions of these problems, various details have been changed, so that the answers will come out differently. The method to find the solution
More informationThis week. CENG 732 Computer Animation. Challenges in Human Modeling. Basic Arm Model
CENG 732 Computer Animation Spring 2006-2007 Week 8 Modeling and Animating Articulated Figures: Modeling the Arm, Walking, Facial Animation This week Modeling the arm Different joint structures Walking
More informationChapter 18 Static Equilibrium
Chapter 8 Static Equilibrium 8. Introduction Static Equilibrium... 8. Lever Law... Example 8. Lever Law... 4 8.3 Generalized Lever Law... 5 8.4 Worked Examples... 7 Example 8. Suspended Rod... 7 Example
More informationPsoas Syndrome. The pain is worse from continued standing and from twisting at the waist without moving the feet.
Psoas Syndrome The iliopsoas muscle is a major body mover but seldom considered as a source of pain. Chronic lower back pain involving the hips, legs, or thoracic regions can often be traced to an iliopsoas
More information-Balance on hands and feet rolling the upper hamstring area.
-Begin w/roller around mid balance w/ back flat on ground, put hands behind head. -Slowly roll to mid/upper shoulder blade area. -Roll to right or left to emphasize one side. Thoracic Spine Mobility -Sit
More informationPHY121 #8 Midterm I 3.06.2013
PHY11 #8 Midterm I 3.06.013 AP Physics- Newton s Laws AP Exam Multiple Choice Questions #1 #4 1. When the frictionless system shown above is accelerated by an applied force of magnitude F, the tension
More informationSafe Lifting/Back Safety Training. Presented by Rita Gagnon Occupational Health Outreach Coordinator Benefis Health Systems 406-731-8328
Safe Lifting/Back Safety Training Presented by Rita Gagnon Occupational Health Outreach Coordinator Benefis Health Systems 406-731-8328 Risk Factors Involved with Manual Handling Tasks: Bending at Trunk
More informationInternational Standards for the Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Motor Exam Guide
C5 Elbow Flexors Biceps Brachii, Brachialis Patient Position: The shoulder is in neutral rotation, neutral flexion/extension, and adducted. The elbow is fully extended, with the forearm in full supination.
More informationVELOCITY, ACCELERATION, FORCE
VELOCITY, ACCELERATION, FORCE velocity Velocity v is a vector, with units of meters per second ( m s ). Velocity indicates the rate of change of the object s position ( r ); i.e., velocity tells you how
More informationChapter 11 Equilibrium
11.1 The First Condition of Equilibrium The first condition of equilibrium deals with the forces that cause possible translations of a body. The simplest way to define the translational equilibrium of
More informationOPTIMAL CORE TRAINING FOR FUNCTIONAL GAINS AND PEAK PERFORMANCE: CXWORX
OPTIMAL CORE TRAINING FOR FUNCTIONAL GAINS AND PEAK PERFORMANCE: CXWORX Jinger S. Gottschall 1, Jackie Mills 2, and Bryce Hastings 2 1 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA 2 Les Mills
More informationCopyright 2011 Casa Software Ltd. www.casaxps.com. Centre of Mass
Centre of Mass A central theme in mathematical modelling is that of reducing complex problems to simpler, and hopefully, equivalent problems for which mathematical analysis is possible. The concept of
More informationKIN 335 - Biomechanics LAB: Ground Reaction Forces - Linear Kinetics
KIN 335 - Biomechanics LAB: Ground Reaction Forces - Linear Kinetics Reading Assignment: 1) Luhtanen, P. and Komi, P.V. (1978). Segmental contribution to forces in vertical jump. European Journal of Applied
More informationare you reaching your full potential...
T h e r e s n o s u c h t h i n g a s b a d e x e r c i s e - j u s t e x e r c i s e d o n e b a d l y FIT for sport are you reaching your full potential... These tests are a series of exercises designed
More informationReview of Last Lecture - TE
Gait Review of Last Lecture - TE Interventions to increase flexibility Generating muscle force depends on Open chain vs. closed chain PNF Balance strategies Benefits of aerobic exercise Gait An individual
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF WALL PAINTING ON SHOULDER MUSCLE ACTIVITY AND HORIZONTAL PUSH FORCE
THE INFLUENCE OF WALL PAINTING ON SHOULDER MUSCLE ACTIVITY AND HORIZONTAL PUSH FORCE Background: Patricia M. Rosati and Clark R. Dickerson Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON
More informationTorque and Rotation. Physics
Torque and Rotation Physics Torque Force is the action that creates changes in linear motion. For rotational motion, the same force can cause very different results. A torque is an action that causes objects
More informationSAMPLE WORKOUT Full Body
SAMPLE WORKOUT Full Body Perform each exercise: 30 secs each x 2 rounds or 2-3 sets of 8-12 reps Monday & Wednesday or Tuesday & Thursday Standing Squat Muscles: glutes (butt), quadriceps (thigh) Stand
More informationPassive Range of Motion Exercises
Exercise and ALS The physical or occupational therapist will make recommendations for exercise based upon each patient s specific needs and abilities. Strengthening exercises are not generally recommended
More informationFlexibility Assessment and Improvement Compiled and Adapted by Josh Thompson
Flexibility Assessment and Improvement Compiled and Adapted by Josh Thompson Muscles must have a full and normal range of motion in order for joints and skeletal structure to function properly. Flexibility
More informationBESTest Balance Evaluation Systems Test Fay Horak PhD Copyright 2008
BESTest Balance Evaluation Systems Test Fay Horak PhD Copyright 2008 TEST NUMBER/SUBJECT CODE DATE EXAMINER NAME EXAMINER Instructions for BESTest 1. Subjects should be tested with flat heeled shoes or
More informationTrunk Strengthening and Muscle and Coordination Exercises for Lower Limb Amputees
Trunk Strengthening and Muscle and Coordination Exercises for Lower Limb Amputees Part One: Trunk Strengthening Trunk Extension Needed: Sturdy chair or stool, Theraband, and a Theraball if necessary. Sit
More informationLow Back Pain: Exercises
Low Back Pain: Exercises Your Kaiser Permanente Care Instructions Here are some examples of typical rehabilitation exercises for your condition. Start each exercise slowly. Ease off the exercise if you
More informationSerway_ISM_V1 1 Chapter 4
Serway_ISM_V1 1 Chapter 4 ANSWERS TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Newton s second law gives the net force acting on the crate as This gives the kinetic friction force as, so choice (a) is correct. 2. As
More informationRange of Motion. A guide for you after spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Program
Range of Motion A guide for you after spinal cord injury Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Program This booklet has been written by the health care providers who provide care to people who have a spinal
More informationFric-3. force F k and the equation (4.2) may be used. The sense of F k is opposite
4. FRICTION 4.1 Laws of friction. We know from experience that when two bodies tend to slide on each other a resisting force appears at their surface of contact which opposes their relative motion. The
More informationAwell-known lecture demonstration1
Acceleration of a Pulled Spool Carl E. Mungan, Physics Department, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 40-506; mungan@usna.edu Awell-known lecture demonstration consists of pulling a spool by the free end
More informationShear Force and Moment Diagrams
C h a p t e r 9 Shear Force and Moment Diagrams In this chapter, you will learn the following to World Class standards: Making a Shear Force Diagram Simple Shear Force Diagram Practice Problems More Complex
More informationHELPFUL HINTS FOR A HEALTHY BACK
HELPFUL HINTS FOR A HEALTHY BACK 1. Standing and Walking For correct posture, balance your head above your shoulders, eyes straight ahead, everything else falls into place. Try to point toes straight ahead
More informationSpine Conditioning Program Purpose of Program
Prepared for: Prepared by: OrthoInfo Purpose of Program After an injury or surgery, an exercise conditioning program will help you return to daily activities and enjoy a more active, healthy lifestyle.
More informationstretches and exercises
stretches and exercises The enclosed sheets contain stretches and exercises which can be used to delay and minimise the development of contractures and deformities occurring in children with Duchenne muscular
More informationAngular acceleration α
Angular Acceleration Angular acceleration α measures how rapidly the angular velocity is changing: Slide 7-0 Linear and Circular Motion Compared Slide 7- Linear and Circular Kinematics Compared Slide 7-
More informationRange of Motion Exercises
Range of Motion Exercises Range of motion (ROM) exercises are done to preserve flexibility and mobility of the joints on which they are performed. These exercises reduce stiffness and will prevent or at
More informationThe data set we have taken is about calculating body fat percentage for an individual.
The Process we are mining: The data set we have taken is about calculating body fat percentage for an individual. What is Body Fat percentage? The body fat percentage (BFP) of a human or other living being
More information4.2 Free Body Diagrams
CE297-FA09-Ch4 Page 1 Friday, September 18, 2009 12:11 AM Chapter 4: Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies A (rigid) body is said to in equilibrium if the vector sum of ALL forces and all their moments taken about
More informationThe 11+ A complete warm-up program
The 11+ A complete warm-up program Part 1 & 3 A A }6m Part 2 B A: Running B: Jog back B! FIELD SET-UP A: Running exercise B: Jog back The course is made up of 6 pairs of parallel cones, approx. 5-6m apart.
More informationSHOULDER PULL DOWNS. To learn efficient use of the shoulder blades and arms while maintaining a neutral spine position.
SHOULDER INTRODUCT ION Welcome to your shoulder exercise program The exercises in the program are designed to improve your shoulder mobility, posture and the control of the muscles in your neck and shoulder
More informationNo Equipment Agility/Core/Strength Program for Full Body No Equip Trainer: Rick Coe
No Equipment Agility/Core/Strength Program for Full Body No Equip Trainer: Rick Coe Introduction Program designed to be performed in a circuit. Perform exercises in sequence without rest 2-3 times. Increase
More informationExercise 1: Knee to Chest. Exercise 2: Pelvic Tilt. Exercise 3: Hip Rolling. Starting Position: Lie on your back on a table or firm surface.
Exercise 1: Knee to Chest Starting Position: Lie on your back on a table or firm surface. Action: Clasp your hands behind the thigh and pull it towards your chest. Keep the opposite leg flat on the surface
More informationAthletics (Throwing) Questions Javelin, Shot Put, Hammer, Discus
Athletics (Throwing) Questions Javelin, Shot Put, Hammer, Discus Athletics is a sport that contains a number of different disciplines. Some athletes concentrate on one particular discipline while others
More informationE X P E R I M E N T 8
E X P E R I M E N T 8 Torque, Equilibrium & Center of Gravity Produced by the Physics Staff at Collin College Copyright Collin College Physics Department. All Rights Reserved. University Physics, Exp 8:
More informationW02D2-2 Table Problem Newton s Laws of Motion: Solution
ASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Physics Physics 8.01 W0D- Table Problem Newton s Laws of otion: Solution Consider two blocks that are resting one on top of the other. The lower block
More information5. Forces and Motion-I. Force is an interaction that causes the acceleration of a body. A vector quantity.
5. Forces and Motion-I 1 Force is an interaction that causes the acceleration of a body. A vector quantity. Newton's First Law: Consider a body on which no net force acts. If the body is at rest, it will
More informationColumbia University Department of Physics QUALIFYING EXAMINATION
Columbia University Department of Physics QUALIFYING EXAMINATION Monday, January 13, 2014 1:00PM to 3:00PM Classical Physics Section 1. Classical Mechanics Two hours are permitted for the completion of
More informationDesign Project 2. Sizing of a Bicycle Chain Ring Bolt Set. Statics and Mechanics of Materials I. ENGR 0135 Section 1040.
Design Project 2 Sizing of a Bicycle Chain Ring Bolt Set Statics and Mechanics of Materials I ENGR 0135 Section 1040 November 9, 2014 Derek Nichols Michael Scandrol Mark Vavithes Nichols, Scandrol, Vavithes
More informationExercises for Low Back Injury Prevention
DIVISION OF AGRICULTURE RESEARCH & EXTENSION University of Arkansas System Family and Consumer Sciences Increasing Physical Activity as We Age Exercises for Low Back Injury Prevention FSFCS38 Lisa Washburn,
More informationCHAPTER 3: BACK & ABDOMINAL STRETCHES. Standing Quad Stretch Athletic Edge - www.athleticedge.biz - (650) 815-6552
CHAPTER : BACK & ABDOMINAL STRETCHES Standing Quad Stretch ) Stand and grasp right ankle with same hand, use a wall or chair to Lower maintain Back balance with left hand. Maintain an upright Stretches
More informationFUNCTIONAL STRENGTHENING
FUNCTIONAL STRENGTHENING *This group of exercises are designed to increase leg and core endurance and stability as related to bipedal functional activities. *Perform this program for 4-6 weeks. It is ideal
More informationPhysics 1A Lecture 10C
Physics 1A Lecture 10C "If you neglect to recharge a battery, it dies. And if you run full speed ahead without stopping for water, you lose momentum to finish the race. --Oprah Winfrey Static Equilibrium
More informationMuscle Movements, Types, and Names
Muscle Movements, Types, and Names A. Gross Skeletal Muscle Activity 1. With a few exceptions, all muscles cross at least one joint 2. Typically, the bulk of the muscle lies proximal to the joint it crossed
More informationManual for Swinging Trapeze and Cloud Swing
Manual for Swinging Trapeze and Cloud Swing Part 1 Swinging trapeze 1/ Technical specifications and safety 2/ Basic skills on swinging trapeze 1. Positions 1 Sit 2 Pike hang 3 Hocks hang 4 Ankle hang 2.
More informationThis document fully describes the 30 Day Flexibility Challenge and allows you to keep a record of your improvements in flexibility.
Welcome to the StretchTowel 30 Day Flexibility Challenge! You can Be More Flexible in 30 days by following our stretching program for 10 minutes a day. The best part is that you can stretch using the StretchTowel
More informationRotational Motion: Moment of Inertia
Experiment 8 Rotational Motion: Moment of Inertia 8.1 Objectives Familiarize yourself with the concept of moment of inertia, I, which plays the same role in the description of the rotation of a rigid body
More informationMcMaster Spikeyball Therapy Drills
BODY BLOCKS In sequencing Breathing and Tempo Flexibility / Mobility and Proprioception (feel) Upper body segment Middle body segment Lower body segment Extension / Static Posture Office / Computer Travel
More information2. Axial Force, Shear Force, Torque and Bending Moment Diagrams
2. Axial Force, Shear Force, Torque and Bending Moment Diagrams In this section, we learn how to summarize the internal actions (shear force and bending moment) that occur throughout an axial member, shaft,
More informationName. Most of the bones of the limbs (arms & legs) act as levers. These levers are powered by muscles.
Bones as Levers 1 Name Bones as Levers You may not think of your limbs as being machines, but they are. The action of a muscle pulling on a bone often works like a type of simple machine called a lever.
More informationSTATICS. Introduction VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS: Eighth Edition CHAPTER. Ferdinand P. Beer E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Eighth E CHAPTER VECTOR MECHANICS FOR ENGINEERS: STATICS Ferdinand P. Beer E. Russell Johnston, Jr. Introduction Lecture Notes: J. Walt Oler Texas Tech University Contents What is Mechanics? Fundamental
More informationFRICTION, WORK, AND THE INCLINED PLANE
FRICTION, WORK, AND THE INCLINED PLANE Objective: To measure the coefficient of static and inetic friction between a bloc and an inclined plane and to examine the relationship between the plane s angle
More informationThe Core of the Workout Should Be on the Ball
The Core of the Workout Should Be on the Ball Paul J. Goodman, MS, CSCS New technology and high priced machines and equipment that claim to aid in enhancing performance have inundated the market in recent
More informationNDT Treatment Planning Worksheet
Child s Name: Kalab DOB: 01/01/02 Diagnosis: CP-Right-sided Heimplegia DOE: May 29, 2009 Therapist s Name: Mary Rose Franjoine Discipline: PT Current Participation: Attends his neighborhood school with
More informationRemote Working Policy for Juniper Users
Remote Working Policy for Juniper Users 1 Introduction The Local Authority supports Remote Access to facilitate managers and employees to maximise their time and resources, and to provide anytime, anywhere
More informationStrength Training for the Runner
Strength Training for the Runner Strength Training for the Runner What? The goal of resistance training for runners is not necessarily adding muscle mass but 1. improving muscular strength, 2. improving
More informationp atmospheric Statics : Pressure Hydrostatic Pressure: linear change in pressure with depth Measure depth, h, from free surface Pressure Head p gh
IVE1400: n Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Statics : Pressure : Statics r P Sleigh: P..Sleigh@leeds.ac.uk r J Noakes:.J.Noakes@leeds.ac.uk January 008 Module web site: www.efm.leeds.ac.uk/ive/fluidslevel1
More informationEvaluation and Design Strategy of an Upper Limb supporting for desktop work
Evaluation and Design Strategy of an Upper Limb supporting for desktop work Ghi-Hwei Kao 1,2, a, Chia-Chi Tai 1, b, Chih-Hsi Ssu 1, c, Chin-Yuan Wang 1, d, Horng-Yi Yu 1, e 1 National Taipei University
More informationPHYSICS 111 HOMEWORK SOLUTION, week 4, chapter 5, sec 1-7. February 13, 2013
PHYSICS 111 HOMEWORK SOLUTION, week 4, chapter 5, sec 1-7 February 13, 2013 0.1 A 2.00-kg object undergoes an acceleration given by a = (6.00î + 4.00ĵ)m/s 2 a) Find the resultatnt force acting on the object
More informationTerminology of Human Walking From North American Society for Gait and Human Movement 1993 and AAOP Gait Society 1994
Gait Cycle: The period of time from one event (usually initial contact) of one foot to the following occurrence of the same event with the same foot. Abbreviated GC. Gait Stride: The distance from initial
More informationWhen the fluid velocity is zero, called the hydrostatic condition, the pressure variation is due only to the weight of the fluid.
Fluid Statics When the fluid velocity is zero, called the hydrostatic condition, the pressure variation is due only to the weight of the fluid. Consider a small wedge of fluid at rest of size Δx, Δz, Δs
More informationExploration of Cervical Problems Arising from Inappropriate Posture and. Improvement. By Li Nianlin. Director: Luo Leisheng
Exploration of Cervical Problems Arising from Inappropriate Posture and Improvement By Li Nianlin Director: Luo Leisheng The High School Attached to Tsinghua University Abstract Many people have problems
More informationTorque and Rotational Equilibrium
Torque and Rotational Equilibrium Name Section Torque is the rotational analog of force. If you want something to move (translation), you apply a force; if you want something to rotate, you apply a torque.
More informationGood manual handling practice
Health and Safety Services Good manual handling practice If you lift, carry, push or pull as part of your job, the following guidance is for you Injuries caused Poor lifting technique and work methods
More informationLower Body Strength/Balance Exercises
Compliments of (Medical Group Name & Phone # to be inserted here) Lower Body Strength/Balance Exercises Hip Flexion Strengthens thigh and hip muscles. Use ankle weights, if you are ready to. Stand to the
More informationRead a chapter on Angular Kinematics
Read a chapter on Angular Kinematics Angular Kinematics Hamill & Knutzen (Ch 9) Hay (Ch. 4), Hay & Ried (Ch. 10), Kreighbaum & Barthels (Module Ι) or Hall (Ch. 11) Reporting Angles Measurement of Angles
More informationNational Anthropometry Survey of Female Firefighters. Designing for safety, performance and comfort Dr. Mandy Stirling on behalf of CACFOA
National Anthropometry Survey of Female Firefighters Designing for safety, performance and comfort Dr. Mandy Stirling on behalf of CACFOA National Anthropometry Survey of Female Firefighters Designing
More informationChair Exercises and Lifting Weights
Chair Exercises and Lifting Weights Why are chair exercises and lifting weights important? Physical activity is one of the most important things you can do to maintain your diabetes control as well as
More informationShoulders (free weights)
Dumbbell Shoulder Raise Dumbbell Shoulder Raise 1) Lie back onto an incline bench (45 or less) with a DB in each hand. (You may rest each DB on the corresponding thigh.) 2) Start position: Bring the DB
More informationBiomechanics. State of equilibrium is when the sum (or net effect) of forces acting on a body equals zero
Biomechanics Kinesiology is the science of, or study of, human motion. It brings together the fields of anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, physics and geometry relating them to human movement. Bio refers
More informationObjective: Equilibrium Applications of Newton s Laws of Motion I
Type: Single Date: Objective: Equilibrium Applications of Newton s Laws of Motion I Homework: Assignment (1-11) Read (4.1-4.5, 4.8, 4.11); Do PROB # s (46, 47, 52, 58) Ch. 4 AP Physics B Mr. Mirro Equilibrium,
More informationMANUAL HANDLING IN OFFICES
Manual Handling General risk assessments of work/teaching activities are required to be completed under the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations. Where appropriate, manual handling should
More informationLEVEL I SKATING TECHNICAL. September 2007 Page 1
SKATING September 2007 Page 1 SKATING SKILLS The game of Ice Hockey is a fast-paced, complex, team sport, which demands quick thinking, fast reactions and special athletic skills. Skating is the most important
More informationProblem 1: Computation of Reactions. Problem 2: Computation of Reactions. Problem 3: Computation of Reactions
Problem 1: Computation of Reactions Problem 2: Computation of Reactions Problem 3: Computation of Reactions Problem 4: Computation of forces and moments Problem 5: Bending Moment and Shear force Problem
More informationMatlab Based Interactive Simulation Program for 2D Multisegment Mechanical Systems
Matlab Based Interactive Simulation Program for D Multisegment Mechanical Systems Henryk Josiński,, Adam Świtoński,, Karol Jędrasiak, Andrzej Polański,, and Konrad Wojciechowski, Polish-Japanese Institute
More informationMECHANICS OF SOLIDS - BEAMS TUTORIAL 2 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENTS IN BEAMS
MECHANICS OF SOLIDS - BEAMS TUTORIAL 2 SHEAR FORCE AND BENDING MOMENTS IN BEAMS This is the second tutorial on bending of beams. You should judge your progress by completing the self assessment exercises.
More informationLocomotion Skills. Walking Running Horizontal Jump Hopping Skipping
Locomotion Skills Walking Running Horizontal Jump Hopping Skipping Walking Progressive alternation of leading legs and continuous contact with the supporting surface. Walking cycle or Gait cycle involves
More informationEvaluation of Low Back Pain Risks in a Beef Skinning Operation
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2000, VOL. 6, NO. 3, 347-361 Evaluation of Low Back Pain Risks in a Beef Skinning Operation Biman Das Department of Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie
More informationStretching in the Office
Stretching in the Office Legs: Quads, Hamstrings, IT band, Hip flexors, Gluts, Calves Quads: Standing @ desk maintaining upright posture, grab one leg @ a time by foot or ankle and bring it towards backside
More informationWORK DONE BY A CONSTANT FORCE
WORK DONE BY A CONSTANT FORCE The definition of work, W, when a constant force (F) is in the direction of displacement (d) is W = Fd SI unit is the Newton-meter (Nm) = Joule, J If you exert a force of
More informationWork, Power, Energy Multiple Choice. PSI Physics. Multiple Choice Questions
Work, Power, Energy Multiple Choice PSI Physics Name Multiple Choice Questions 1. A block of mass m is pulled over a distance d by an applied force F which is directed in parallel to the displacement.
More informationChapter 8: Rotational Motion of Solid Objects
Chapter 8: Rotational Motion of Solid Objects 1. An isolated object is initially spinning at a constant speed. Then, although no external forces act upon it, its rotational speed increases. This must be
More informationNECK STRENGTHENING PROGRAM
NECK STRENGTHENING PROGRAM The Orthopedic Specialty Hospital (TOSH) is one of the country's premier facilities for orthopedic surgical care, physical therapy, sport specific rehabilitation, sports training,
More information