Infinitive or Gerund

Transcription

1 Infinitive or Gerund the GERUND abhor abide acknowledge admit adore anticipate appreciate avoid be worth begrudge can't help carry on complete confess consider countenance contemplate defer delay deny detest disclaim dislike drop enjoy envisage escape evade face facilitate fancy favour feel like the INFINITIVE agree afford arrange assent be about be bound be wont beg beseech care challenge choose claim command compel condescend consent contrive decide decline deign demand desire determine direct expect endeavour fail fix hasten hesitate hope learn the GERUND and INFINITIVE attempt bother can't bear cease commence continue deserve dread endure fear forbear intend neglect omit plan purpose scorn

2 finish foresee give up imagine involve keep keep on leave off mention mind miss ponder postpone practise put off quit recall recollect relish repent resent resist resume risk shun suggest long manage offer opt persuade pledge prepare pretend proceed promise purport reckon refuse remain request resolve seek set out strive tend threaten trouble trust undertake venture wish would like Difference in Meaning between the Infinitive and the Gerund NOTE INFINITIVE VERB GERUND NOTE a paricular/ singular action the action of the Infinitive takes place after the I don't like to go to the South now. I hate to trouble you. Remember to close the window. like, love, prefer, hate remember, forget, regret, etc I like going to the South every year. Do you remember closing the a general/ recurrent action the action of the Gerund takes place before the act of

3 act of remembering, forgetting or regretting. I regret to inform you that it is impossible. window before leaving? I regret having sold her that. remembering, forgetting or regtretting. the Gerund is not used: a) if the finite verb is in the continuous form. b) with the verbs to understand, to see (=to understand) c) if the subject denotes a lifeless thing. =to put an end to an action for some purpose followed by an object, expressing the person to whom the action is directed. =attempt, use one's utmost efforts; is often replaced by 'try and do' =worried, filled with apprehension =want to do very much, have a great desire =intend, have in mind as a a) He is beginning to study French. b) He began to understand it. c) The door began to creak. We stopped to have a talk. They allowed us to smoke. Try to behave better. She is afraid to tell her parents that she broke a cup. I am anxious to hear your news. I mean to arrive tomorrow. begin, start stop allow, recommend, advise, permit, encourage, prohibit try be afraid be anxious mean We stopped talking. They allowed smoking. Try knocking at the door if nobody hears you. She is afraid of being punished by her parents. I am anxious about leaving the child alone in the house. This illness will mean going to =to cease, give up not followed by an object, expressing the person to whom the action is directed. =make that experiment and see whether it is satisfactory =doubtful/anxious about the consequences =afraid =signify

4 purpose or plan; 'to have done' is used to denote an action which was not carried out in the past. I meant to have arrived yesterday but fell ill. hospital. the meaning is active I want to have my hair cut. He didn't need to be reminded about it. You are required to be there by 9 o'clock. want, need, require My hair wants cutting. This flat requires whitewashing. the meaning is passive points out a new stage in the sequence of actions =run that risk, be in a position where one is likely to win. =intend; to have formed a plan if not preceded by a noun or a pronoun The teacher went on to explain the use of the Gerund after the use if the Infinitive. (=explained the rule and than started another) What do we stand to gain by the agreement? I propose to go to London on Tuesday. How do you propose to finance this venture? We can't afford to buy a new car. go on stand propose afford The teacher went on explaining the use of the Gerund. She can't stand being kept waiting. I propose delaying our decision until the next meeting. We couldn't afford his signing up for another course. continuation of the action denoted by the Gerund =can't bear, endure =put forward for consideration; suggest if preceded by a possessive pronoun or a noun in the possessive case

5 =interested by what one learns or experiences; refers to what has happened. I was interested to read in the paper that sciences found out how the universe began. be interested I'm interested in working in Switzerland. Can you help me? =interested by the idea of doing something.