Seawater desalination by reverse osmosis (case study)
|
|
- Lawrence Booth
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 DE!HLlNATON Desalination 153 (2002) Seawater desalination by reverse osmosis (case study) M. Abou Rayana*,. Khaledb Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Tel. +20 (3) ; Fax ; Desalination Sector Sinai Development Organization South Sinai, Egypt Received 9 Apri 2002; accepted 16 April 2002 Abstract This paper presents a case study of the operation and maintenance of 2000 m /d desalination plant erected in1995. The results have been obtained over 6 years of operation. The plant consists of four units with a capacity 500 m3/d each. The results obtained are used to evaluate and develop the optimum plant operating pressure and temperature. The daily feed salinity, temperature and pressure were recorded, and finally the tota cost for product of potabe water was calculated. Recommendations were issued regarding the optimum operating conditions and the most pertinent operating problems. A technoeconomical analysis is undertaken in order to evaluate the cost of the water produced and technical reliability of the technology. The objective is to present field results of the reverse osmoses plant operation in order to evaluate the reliability of this technology in comparison with other technologies. Keywords: Seawater desalination; Reverse osmosis; Economic evaluation 1. ntroduction The present study gives an outline description of a reverse osmosis (RO) technology. The considered plant has been constructed on the site of Dahab city in south of Sinai, Egypt. The required electrical power for the plants is supplied to the site from 8 generators, 500 KVA each. *Corresponding author. The saline water is supplied from 8 beachwells on the beach of the Aquaba gulf. The salinity of feed seawater is in the order of 44,000 ppm. The station consists of 4 units; each unit plant has maximum capacity of 500 m3/d. The plant started production in November The objectives of this study are: The analysis of the performance in order to evaluate the determining operating factors. Presented at the EuroMed 2002 conference on Desalination Strategies in South Mediterranean Countries: Cooperation between Mediterranean Countries of Europe and the Southern Rim of the Mediterranean. Sponsored by the European Desalination Society and Alexandria University Desalination Studies and Technology Center, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, May 4-6, /02/$- See front matter Elsevier Science B.V. Ah rights reserved P: SO01 l-9164(02)
2 246 M Abou Rayan,. Khaled / Desalination 153 (2002) The evaluation of the reverse osmosis efftciency under the actual operating conditions. The determination of the optimum operating parameters. The evaluation ofthe overall system reliability for long-term automatic operation. The evaluation of the operation since 1995 to 2002 in order to explore the necessary maintenance work and the reliability of the technology. The establishment of the best maintenance procedure for the membrane system. The plant is still working under continuous operation without any significant operational problems. 2. General plant overview The plant consists of 4 units. Each 500 m3/dunit consists of 1) ntake 2) Multi media filters 3) Cartridge filters 4) Chemical system 5) RO unit 2.1. ntake The intake is a beachwell system. The RO unit requires 75 m3/h flowrate of raw seawater for one unit producing 500 m3/d. Based on the permeability of the soil, one beachwell can deliver a discharge of 75 m3/h. Safety margins and standby requirements for only 50% capacity are considered: For one 500 m3/d unit 2 wells are required. For four 500 m3/d units 8 wells are required. The beachwells are constructed according to the standard. The wells is equipped with submersible pumps. The following specification are applied: mechanical digging with a O-inch diameter and depth of about 15 m. Applying bentonite and taking various samples, each 1 m length to determine the quality of penetrating subsoil, the thickness and quality of water layer in order to assure the best design to the well casing. There are 1 O-inch diameter PVC pipes The well flushing and cleaning is done via high pressure pumps. The pump is a multistage submersible motor pumping set suitable for water application, particularly resistant to erosion and saline water, with the following characteristics: The nominal discharge at due point 75 m3/h The suction from the well improves water quality, particularly regarding fine surrounding materials. The sand is acting as a natural filter Seawater chlorination system The seawater chlorination system is a complete automatically as well as manually actuated sodium hypochlorine solution dosing plant. The proposed plant comprises the following: a) PE solution tanks: Chemically resistant PE transparent cylindrical tank of 500 bit capacity. The tank is equipped with a seawater level gauge, drain valve and top cover. The post-chlorination is particularly important in order to disinfect the water introduced to the potable water network. b) Electrically activated agitator with stainless steel shaft and mixing blades mounted vertically. A small electric motor of fraction of horse power was used. The pump capacity is 27 /h Discharge The outfall system includes one buried PVC pipe from the plant up to the seashore. The remaining part from the pipe (offshore pipes) is high-density PE laid down on the seabed with special covering. At the end of the outfall pipe a distributor header is fit to discharge the reject over a wide area Multi mediajilters Each filter unit consists of 2 filters made from GRP -the first filter for sands and the other for activated carbon. The two filters are in series. The filter system is completely automatic with backwash facilities. The backwash water is collected in the brine outfall line.
3 M. Abou Rayan,. Khaled / Desalination 153 (2002) Cartridge filters The plant is provided with one cartridge filter which ensures that particles larger than 5 micron, carried over from the dual madia filters, will not enter the membranes. This filter is constructed from SS for total corrosion resistance Chemical treatment system Chemical cleaning system Periodic cleaning of RO plant membranes is necessary. t gives an indication of the type of fouling that may take place. The system has been designed so that one bank of membrane from each module can be cleaned. Circulation ofthe cleaning fluids is handled by one chemical-cleaning pump Permeate/flushing tank Each plant is provided with one drawback. The drawback is the process of natural osmosis which occurs when the plant is shutdown. Under normal circumstances when a shutdown occurs, the permeate pumps will start and flush out the seawater from the membranes Post-treatment Post-treatment of the product water consists of chlorinating to allow a chlorine residual and ph adjustment within the range of Economic analysis n order evaluate precisely the RO process, an economic analysis is important. The major factors, which influence the unit cost, are fuel cost, chemical products cost, operating and maintenance cost in addition to capital cost Cost of maintenance and running Fuel consumption. Power generating unit of 500 KVA is used. The rate of fuel consumption is 93 LE/h. The price of 1 of solar (diesel) is 0.40 LE. Table 1 Effect of feed pressure on productivity and concentrate Pressure, Product water Concentrate water bar m /h TDS m3/h TDS Table 2 Effect of temperature on productivity Temperature, C Productivity, % Table 3 Energy power requirements Motor kw Consumed kwh/m3 eff 90% power product Sea pump Filter pump Additive pumps High pressure RO pump Energy recovery turbine Total The price of fuel/m3 of water = 93x0.4x = LE/mof product water Oil consumption (5% of fuel consumption) = x 0.05 = 0.09 LE/m3
4 248 M. A bou Ruyan, 1. Khaled / Desalination 53 (2002) Total fuel and oil consumption = = 1.88 LE/m Chemical requirement per m3 of product surprisingly chemical treatment cost is low in percentage. This is may be due to the fact that the plant is new. g/m3 cost, LE CaOCl (60%) HCl (30%) FeC, CaOCl (past) NaCO, Others Total 0.94 Maintenance and repair per m3 of product LE Cartridge filter 0.1 Pump motors 0.12 Electrical controls, etc nstruments, etc Miscellaneous 0.05 Total 0.40 Labor and administration Approx LE/m3 product water from 1, 2, 3 and 4. Cost of 1 m product = Cost of 1 m3 produced = 3.97 LE Capital cost 4,500,OOO LE/unit Cost of 1 m3 product = o~~~~~~oo = LE/m3 Cost of 1 m3product30m wells including civil work cost = 500,000 20x365~500 = LE/m3 Final cost of 1 m3 product: from 4,5 and 6 = = 6.57 LE/m3 4. Discussion 3. Maintenance and repairs During this period of operation of 6 years the following items were effected. These items require intervention and in most cases complete change. a) Seawater pump ( beachwell pumps): Due to the erosive nature of saline water the pumps were eroded shortly after starting the operation. During these 6 years of operation 50% of pumps were out of service and removed. The total number of working pumps was 8. Four of them have been replaced with new pumps. And the other four have been completely revamped. The increment in total cost due to the change of pumps is 0.12 LE/m3 of water produced. b) Multi media j?lters: The activated carbon has been changed for all filters. c) CartridgeJilters: The core of the cartridge filter has been changed regularly each 3 months. t has been included in the cost breakdown d) Membrane: The membrane is the heart of the plant and the lifetime was considered 5 years - 20%/year depreciation which is reasonable. The plant lifetime is considered 10 years. The total cost of product will be increased by the cost of the membrane which is approximately 20% of the total cost. The resultant increase in the cost is 0.25 LE/m3 of water produced. Finally the cost of water produced is = 6.94 LE. This cost is relatively high for RO units. But the reason is the high capital cost which is equivalent to 9000 LE/m3 installed. The reason is the high cost of civil work and the beachwell. Now for new plants this figure has been considerably decreased LE/m3 installed. t appears from the breakdown cost that the The discussion will emphasize the two aspects major factor in cost is capital cost and fuel cost, - the technical and economics of the technical
5 M. Abou Rayan,. Khaled / Desalination 53 (2002) Transit tank Beachwells Chlorine feed system,t, Pllmn 1. 1, t Membrane To storage tank R.W. Tank, Csulant DS Flushing pump Fig. 1. Desalination unit RO with 500 m3/d capacity in Dahab water station. aspects. Fig. 1 shows the schematic ofthe system. The system is conceived in such a manner as to conserve energy. The energy rejected from the discharged water is recovered in a recovery turbine. Figs. 2-5 show the influence of different parameters on operation - increasing water temperature increases productivity. The relation is linear between pressure and productivity. Thus in hot and arid zone, where water temperature is high, the RO productivity can be increased which results in low total cost. s 125 LOO -,, 200 $ i 225 The RO system is reliable for operation and does not require any skilled operator and is simple to install. The only inconvenience is its high operating and maintenance cost. n this case the high operation cost comes from two items - capital cost contribution is 34% and fuel cost 26%. Maintenance and repairs present only 0.5% and chemical treatment 11%. The high capital cost is due to the well system. The energy consumption is reasonable. Desalination is a high-energy consumption process. The energy amounts to 3560% of the total production cost. Due to the rapid 140 El ; SD s 2s.- -_-_- / \ \ / 75% r&y 500 ppm l&cl 25 c Passage 75% recoverv 0 SO Transmembrane pressure, psi Fig. 2. Effect of feed pressure on productivity and salt passage. The quantity of water production is increased with pressure increment. The quantity of salt produced is decreased with increasing pressure Temperature, C Fig. 3. Effect of temperature on productivity.
6 250 M. Abou Rayan,. Khaled / Desalination 53 (2002) Middle East 43,000 TDC 120 W MSF Caribbean TDC r oocl l % Feed salinity, ppm NaCl Fig. 4. Effect of feed salinity on productivity wt WJ) (10) (100) d,& Plant capacity (1000 GPD) Fig. 6. Capital cost of reverse osmosis vs. multistage flash distillation.(from [2]). 6 P L z. Z El SO%,, The desalination process is generally energy consuming. The thermal processes consume more energy than RO. The advantages of (RO) over the more energy extensive thermal processes will increase as world energy costs rise Feed salinity, ppm NaCl Fig. 5. Effect of feed salinity on salt passage. progress in seawater reverse osmosis technology, the cost was decreased. The present cost now is as low as $US 1. Thus thermal desalination can be economically considered only if the low heat energy cost is available. RO plants have a considerable scope for future development in terms of membrane performance, and cost reduction for stand-alone and for small-scale production. RO is likely to be the main process in this region. Fig. 6 shows the approximate cost of RO and MSF. t appears that RO is competitive compared to MSF. 5. Conclusions The following conclusions are obtained based on a 6-year operating period of the RO desalination plant: 9 The economic analysis shows that RO is competitive to thermal processes. The reverse osmosis system is sensible to change in feedwater temperature, and the product quality is sensitive to the working pressure. After more than 6 years of operation the plant is now runnjng continuously with minimal operator interference. The only plant components, which gave trouble, were the seawater pumps (wells pumps), pipe lines, power cables and one chemical dosing pump.
7 M. Abou Rayan,. Khaled/ Desalination 1.53 (2002) Reference [l] 0. Benchikh and M. Abou Rayan, Technologie de Sessalement de Eau, UNESCO Publication, Paris, [2] A. Naim, The prospects of solar desalination in the Gaza Strip, First nternational Water Technology Conference, Alexandria, Egypt, February [3] R. Morris, Solar Desalination Options for Small Communities, ODA, London, [4] A. El-Nashar, Recent development in membrane technology, Cairo nternational Conference on Energy, 1994, Egypt. The manuals of the following companies have been used: ndustrial and Engineering Enterprises Co. (1.E.E) Weir Company Culligan Company V.(S.) Frenhel E.M.S. Company T. Gourgi E.M.S. Company
AQUAPRO INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD. Reverse Osmosis Parts Introduction
Reverse Osmosis Parts Introduction Reverse Osmosis Flow Chart AQUAPRO INDUSTRIAL CO.,LTD Triple Membrane WATER IMPROVER WATER IMPROVER 2 Reverse Osmosis Electrical Diagram AC-220V Power (2.0 point) (W)
More informationEconomic and technical assessment of desalination technologies
Economic and technical assessment of desalination technologies Fawzi Banat Jordan University of Science and Technology Jordan Geneva 6-8 June, 2007 John F. Kennedy had said If we could ever competitively,
More informationFILMTEC Membranes Strategies for Using FILMTEC Elements to Lower Your Total Cost of Seawater Desalination
Tech Fact FILMTEC Membranes Strategies for Using FILMTEC Elements to Lower Your Total Cost of Seawater Desalination As demand for drinking water continues to increase particularly in regions of the world
More information7 Years Operation of BWRO Plant with Raw Water from Coastal Aquifer for Agriculture Irrigation
7 Years Operation of BWRO Plant with Raw Water from Coastal Aquifer for Agriculture Irrigation Authors: Carlos García, Francisco Molina and Domingo Zarzo Valoriza Agua, C/Molina de Segura, nº8, 30004,
More informationComparison of multiple port and end port connections for pressure vessels
Desalination 221 (2008) 202 206 Comparison of multiple port and end port connections for pressure vessels Nadav Shachaf*, Tobias Haarburger BEL Group Ltd. email: shachaf@bel-g.com Received 24 January 2007;
More informationThe Grand Miramare Hotel Santa Margherita (Portofino) Italy March 19 22, 2013. Inspiring Innovation and Excellence
The Grand Miramare Hotel Santa Margherita (Portofino) Italy March 19 22, 2013 Inspiring Innovation and Excellence About the IDA Desalination Academy The IDA Desalination Academy aspires to increase knowledge
More informationRO Reverse Osmosis equipments
RO SYSTEMS RO Reverse Osmosis equipments A range of Reverse Osmosis equipment designed to provide the highest performances with flow rates demand from 50 to 1000 l/h. Every component of the equipment is
More informationDifferentiation Summary. Revolutionizing Water Clean-Up Opportunities
Differentiation Summary Revolutionizing Water Clean-Up Opportunities NanoClear is a water clean-up process that affordably and efficiently converts salt, brackish or waste water into pure, usable water.
More informationWater Treatment and Reverse Osmosis Systems
Water 2012 Treatment Pure Aqua, and Inc. Reverse All Rights Osmosis Reserved. ystems Worldwide Experience uperior Technology About the Company Pure Aqua is a company with a strong philosophy and drive
More informationDOW Ultrafiltration. Case History. High Turbidity and Temperature Fluctuation No Obstacle for DOW Ultrafiltration
Case History High Turbidity and Temperature Fluctuation No Obstacle for Site Information Location: HeBei, China Capacity: 12 m 3 /h (5283 gpm) Purpose: Pretreat sea water prior to RO system Time in Operation:
More information7. TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF DESALINATION PLANT
7. TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF DESALINATION PLANT 7.1 DESALINATION TECHNOLOGIES Desalination technologies can be classified according to the process involved, for example: Those involving phase change in water,
More informationPortable Swimming Pool Reverse Osmosis Systems
Portable Swimming Pool Reverse Osmosis Systems C. Brent Cluff, Ph.D. Clean Water Products A standard practice for pool owners is to periodically drain the swimming pool to reduce calcium and magnesium
More informationECOAZUR BLUEWATER WATER PURIFICATION PLANTS
ECOAZUR BLUEWATER WATER PURIFICATION PLANTS CONTACT EcoAzur Calle 11a #492 x 60 y 62 Tel: +52-999-920-1972 Col. Residencial Pensiones Email: info@eco-azur.com C.P. 97217 Merida, Yucatan, Mexico Website:
More informationDesalination. Reverse Osmosis Multistage Flash Multi-Effect Distillation
Desalination Reverse Osmosis Multistage Flash Multi-Effect Distillation Experience In Motion Supplier to the World Flowserve is the driving force in the global industrial pump marketplace. No other pump
More informationTampa Bay Seawater Desalination Plant
Tampa Bay Seawater Desalination Plant Project History How The Plant Works Desal Fun Facts 2575 Enterprise Road, Clearwater, FL 33763-1102 Phone: 727.796.2355 / Fax: 727.791.2388 www.tampabaywater.org Tampa
More informationCHEMICAL CLEANING EXPERIMENTS FOR PERFORMANCE RESTORATION OF NF MEMBRANES OPERATED ON SEAWATER FEED 1
CHEMICAL CLEANING EXPERIMENTS FOR PERFORMANCE RESTORATION OF NF MEMBRANES OPERATED ON SEAWATER FEED 1 A. Mohammed Farooque, Ahamed S. Al-Amoudi and Ata M. Hassan Saline Water Conversion Corporation P.O.Box
More informationThe conditions below apply to the curves shown on the following pages.
GENERAL INFORMATION STAINLESS STEEL, SILVERLINE, EVERGREEN & GOLDLINE SERIES PERFORMANCE CURVE CONDITIONS The conditions below apply to the curves shown on the following pages. a. The Performance curves
More informationWastewater Reuse. Typical treated wastewater is:
Wastewater Reuse Most metal finishing industries have in-house wastewater treatment to economically dispose of the acids, alkali, oils, and dissolved metals in the rinse water and occasional tank solution
More informationFeasibility Study of Brackish Water Desalination in the Egyptian Deserts and Rural Regions Using PV Systems
Feasibility Study of Brackish Water Desalination in the Egyptian Deserts and Rural Regions Using PV Systems G.E. Ahmad, *J. Schmid National Research Centre, Solar Energy Department P.O. Box 12622, El-Tahrir
More informationMARBELLA SEAWATER DESALINATION PLANT: CONSTRUCTION AND START - UP EXPERIENCE. Juan María Sánchez, Juan Velasco, Jose M. Kindelan and Jaime Andreu
MARBELLA SEAWATER DESALINATION PLANT: CONSTRUCTION AND START - UP EXPERIENCE AUTHORS: Juan María Sánchez, Juan Velasco, Jose M. Kindelan and Jaime Andreu ABSTRACT: Marbella seawater desalination Plant
More informationHighly Colored Water Removal Using Nanofiltration Membranes at the Colored Water Treatment Facility. Adam Zacheis, Project Manager Carollo Engineers
Highly Colored Water Removal Using Nanofiltration Membranes at the Colored Water Treatment Facility Adam Zacheis, Project Manager Carollo Engineers Topics 1. Background - Mesa Water District (Mesa) Water
More informationDESIGN AND SETUP OF A HYBRID SOLAR SEAWATER DESALINATION SYSTEM: THE AQUASOL PROJECT
DESIGN AND SETUP OF A HYBRID SOLAR SEAWATER DESALINATION SYSTEM: THE AQUASOL PROJECT Diego Alarcón Julián Blanco Sixto Malato M. Ignacio Maldonado Pilar Fernández CIEMAT - Plataforma Solar de Almería Ctra.
More informationDrinking water for Gaza Elaboration concept 2
Herontwerp 2014 Drinking water for Gaza Elaboration concept 2 Docent: Hassanpur Golriz, D. (Damon) Student: Roger Sylverstre Yapo (Group 4) Content 1) Reverse osmosis description --------------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationINTERSTAGE ENERGY RECOVERY TURBINE APPLICATION MARCO ISLAND, FLORIDA
IWC-00-15 INTERSTAGE ENERGY RECOVERY TURBINE APPLICATION MARCO ISLAND, FLORIDA JULIA NEMETH, PE Harn R/O Systems, Incorporated Venice, Florida STEVEN DURANCEAU, PHD, PE Boyle Engineering Corporation Orlando,
More informationIndiana s Newest Filtration Facility; East Chicago
Indiana s Newest Filtration Facility; East Chicago Innovation and Value-Added Benefits Behind East Chicago s Membrane Treatment Facility Eric Horvath, PE and Kara M. Boyles, PhD, PE August 1, 2012 Presentation
More informationAmiad s AMF² pre-treatment technology ensures efficient and reliable nanofiltration of Scottish Highland loch water
technical article Document Ref: 0411001-NFPT-text-RevG Status: Re-issued to Elsevier Science Company: Amiad Filtration Systems Limited Issue Date: 10 February 2006 Copy Deadline: 10 February 2006 Publication:
More informationAXIAL PISTON-PRESSURE EXCHANGER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. 1.0 Abstract
AXIAL PISTON-PRESSURE EXCHANGER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM John P. MacHarg, Ocean Pacific Technologies, Ventura, CA, USA 1.0 Abstract Through a contract with the United States Office of Naval Research (ONR),
More informationWater Equipment Technologies. Advanced Membrane Technologies for Solving Worldwide Water Problems
Water Equipment Technologies Advanced Membrane Technologies for Solving Worldwide Water Problems ITT Flowtronex production facility located in Dallas, Texas. Our Company Our Company ITT WATER EQUIPMENT
More informationInnovation and Progress in Water Treatment Technology
Innovation and Progress in Water Treatment Technology Degree of separation of ultrafiltration Summary of the various processes The water will be pressed through the between the raw water side and the filtrate
More informationPerformance Monitoring & Optimization
Performance Monitoring & Optimization Fujairah Water and Power Plant Basic infrastructure like Power and Water production has come into focus due to the rapid growth witnessed in the Middle East. Hybrid
More informationSteam System Best Practices Condensate System Piping
Steam System Best Practices Condensate System Piping Summary The best method for improving steam system energy efficiency, reducing chemical costs, and reducing make-up water costs is to return the maximum
More informationWork package no. 7: Water and Power co-generation in the Mediterranean islands and coastal areas
European CO-OPET Commission Support initiative for the Organisations for Promotion of Energy and Transport Technologies Work package no. 7: Water and Power co-generation in the Mediterranean islands and
More informationRO / NF Cleaning Guidelines
Nanostone Water, Inc. Carlsbad Office 2463 Impala Dr. Carlsbad, CA 92010 USA T: +1 (844) 765-7377 www.nanostone.com RO / NF Cleaning Guidelines 2015 Nanostone Water, Inc. www.nanostone.com RO/NF Cleaning
More informationPRICE LIST Brutto incl.moms Januar 2011
PRICE LIST Brutto incl.moms Januar 2011 Rev. 1 2011 SELMAR Technologies S.r.l. Reverse Osmosis Watermakers PROGRESS - Thermal circuit breaker - Salinity meter SEL-MC40 15 360 18A-12V (9A-24V) 64 x 25 x
More informationA Guide to Trouble-Free Cooling Towers
A Guide to Trouble-Free Cooling Towers A basic understanding of cooling tower operation and maintenance will help keep a cooling water system running in top condition, year after year By David M. Suptic
More informationYour Partner for Concentrated Solar Power Generation The Heart of Your Process
1 Sulzer Pumps Your Partner for Concentrated Solar Power Generation The Heart of Your Process 2 Experience and Solutions You Can Rely on Around the world, the power industry is taking on the challenge
More informationCOOLING TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
PAPER NO: CATEGORY: TP12-06 COOLING TOWER WATER CHEMISTRY COOLING TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE FORWARD OSMOSIS APPLIED TO EVAPORATIVE COOLING MAKE-UP WATER PETER NICOLL NEIL THOMPSON VICTORIA GRAY MODERN WATER
More informationTroubleshooting Your RO
Troubleshooting Your RO Summary: There can be many reasons why a RO system suffers a loss in performance, and is unable to produce the proper quantity and/or quality of permeate water. Similar to a doctor
More informationEASTERN IRRIGATION SCHEME, VICTORIA: OPERATION OF AN ULTRA-FILTRATION PLANT FOR A CLASS A RECYCLED WATER SCHEME. David Aitken. Earth Tech Engineering
EASTERN IRRIGATION SCHEME, VICTORIA: OPERATION OF AN ULTRA-FILTRATION PLANT FOR A CLASS A RECYCLED WATER SCHEME Paper Presented by : David Aitken Authors: David Aitken, Plant Operator, Liz Roder, Operations
More informationGeneral Presentation
General Presentation Contents 1. COMPANY PROFILE 1.1 Veolia Environnement 1.2 Veolia Water 1.3 Sidem History: From Multi Stage Flash... 1.4... to Multiple Effect Distillation 1.5 Worldwide Capacity installed
More information4 Stage Barracuda RO/DI Instruction & Owner s Manual
4 Stage Barracuda RO/DI Instruction & Owner s Manual 7208 Aloma Ave Suite 600 Winter Park, FL 32792 Phone 407-599-2123 Fax 407-599-2124 www.aquariumwaterfilters.com www.aquafx.net 7208 Aloma Ave Suite
More informationHow To Clean Up A Reactor Water Cleanup
General Electric Systems Technology Manual Chapter 2.8 Reactor Water Cleanup System TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.8 REACTOR CLEANUP SYSTEM... 1 2.8.1 Introduction... 2 2.8.2 System Description... 2 2.8.3 Component
More informationDESIGN CHALLENGES AND OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF A MEGA MED SEAWATER DESALINATION PLANT IN TIANJIN
DESIGN CHALLENGES AND OPERATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF A MEGA MED SEAWATER DESALINATION PLANT IN TIANJIN Authors: Presenter: T. Efrat, Yu Haimiao Tomer Efrat Deputy Manager, Thermal Process Dept. IDE Technologies
More informationREVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS AND SYSTEM DESIGN. H. Ohya Department of Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University, Japan
REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS AND SYSTEM DESIGN Y. Taniguchi Water Reuse Promotion Center, Japan H. Ohya Department of Chemical Engineering, Yokohama National University, Japan Keywords : Brine, B-value, Compaction,
More informationLEISTRITZ PUMPEN GMBH. Leistritz Screw Pumps & Systems. Cargo and Liquid Handling
LEISTRITZ PUMPEN GMBH Leistritz Screw Pumps & Systems Cargo and Liquid Handling Leistritz Screw Pumps and Systems Leistritz Pumpen GmbH Leistritz Pumpen GmbH with its headquarters in Nuremberg/Germany
More informationFebruary 19, 2014. Senior Fellow, Nuclear Energy Systems & Services Division Power Systems Company
JAPAN-U.S. DECOMISSIONING AND REMEDIATION FUKUSHIMA RECOVERY FORUM February 19, 2014 Senior Fellow, Nuclear Energy Systems & Services Division Power Systems Company Toshiba global formation Information
More information4" SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS
4" SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS 4" SUBMERSIBLE PUMPS 50/60 HZ Multi-stage centrifugal submersible pumps for clean water in 4" wells. The 4" VSP pump series is carefully designed and manufactured for maximum resistant
More informationSunMaxx Solar Filling Station Operating Instructions
SunMaxx Solar Filling Operating Instructions Content 1. Declaration of conformity... 2 2. Introduction... 2 3. Transportation and unpacking... 4 4. Mounting and commissioning... 5 5. End of operation...
More informationElectric Process Heaters & Engineered Systems
50+ Years of Excellence Electric Process Heaters & Engineered Systems Company Info Gaumer Process is a world leader in the design and manufacturing of electric heaters, controls and engineered systems,
More informationWell Water Iron Removal Using Quantum DMI-65 Granular Filter Media
Well Water Iron Removal Using Quantum DMI-65 Granular Filter Media ASME Research Committee Power Plant and Environmental Chemistry Overland Park, Kansas April 2-4, 2007 Prepared by: W. H. Stroman Primary
More informationHUBER Vacuum Rotation Membrane VRM Bioreactor
HUBER Vacuum Rotation Membrane VRM Bioreactor VRM The rotating plate membrane for clean water applications. The future-oriented solution designed for the ever increasing requirements in wastewater treatment
More informationMAP KEYS GLOSSARY FOR THE DRAINAGE AND WATER REPORT
Record MAP KEYS GLOSSARY FOR THE DRAINAGE AND WATER REPORT Abandoned Gravity Private Combined Gravity Private Foul Gravity Private Surface Water Gravity Public Combined Gravity Public Foul Gravity Public
More informationWhat Is Membrane Performance Normalization?
What Is Membrane Performance Normalization? The majority of Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems normally will operate under fairly steady conditions over long periods of time if operating parameters remain constant.
More informationLenntech. Dow Water Solutions. FILMTEC Membranes. Product Information Catalog
Dow Water Solutions FILMTEC Membranes Product Information Catalog Lenntech info@lenntech.com Tel. +31-152-610-900 www.lenntech.com Fax. +31-152-616-289 Form No. 609-00204-1108 FILMTEC Membranes 1. Product
More informationGUIDELINES FOR SELECTING RESIN ION EXCHANGE OR REVERSE OSMOSIS FOR FEED WATER DEMINERALISATION
GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING RESIN ION EXCHANGE OR REVERSE OSMOSIS FOR FEED WATER DEMINERALISATION Prepared by: Purolite International Date: November 2003 Operating Puropack Plant 2 GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING
More informationBasics of Reverse Osmosis
What is Reverse Osmosis? Reverse Osmosis is a technology that is used to remove a large majority of contaminants from water by pushing the water under pressure through a semi- permeable membrane. This
More informationWater Efficiency. Water Management Options. Boilers. for Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Facilities. Boiler Water Impurities
Water Efficiency Water Management Options Boilers for Commercial, Industrial and Institutional Facilities Boiler Water Impurities All boiler make-up water contains impurities. As clean steam is released
More informationReverse Osmosis Membranes for Wastewater Reclamation By Craig R. Bartels, PhD Hydranautics, 401 Jones Road, Oceanside California, USA 92054
Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Wastewater Reclamation By Craig R. Bartels, PhD Hydranautics, 401 Jones Road, Oceanside California, USA 92054 Abstract Wastewater reclamation has become a viable alternative
More informationInvestment Opportunities Solar Energy Applications in Egypt
شركة صوالر الشمس للطاقات الجديدة والمتجددة )ش.ذ.م.م( Solar-AlShams Co for New and Renewable Energies (LLC) Investment Opportunities Solar Energy Applications in Egypt Faisal Eissa BSc. Eng. MBA, MIET COO
More informationEconomic and Technical Analysis of a Reverse-Osmosis Water Desalination Plant using DEEP-3.2 Software
Economic and Technical Analysis of a Reverse-Osmosis Water Desalination Plant using DEEP-3.2 Software Ali Al-Karaghouli and Larry Kazmerski National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado 80401 Abstract
More informationDesalination Systems for Yachts, Boats and Motor Homes
Desalination Systems for Yachts, Boats and Motor Homes October 2002 (Rev E) 3/5 Ereton Drive Labrador QLD 4215 P.O. Box 286 Arundel MDC QLD 4214 Tel: (07) 5563-9088 Fax: (02) 9475-0486 sales@outbackmarine.com.au
More informationMEMCOR membranes for drinking water applications. Water Technologies
MEMCOR membranes for drinking water applications Water Technologies Memcor membranes Why choose membrane filtration? As ever-tightening water regulations continue to challenge the limits of conventional
More informationApplying Life Cycle Assessment to Drinking Water Treatment
Applying Life Cycle Assessment to Drinking Water Treatment W.Takashima*, S.Takizawa**and M. Fujiwara* *Japan Water Research Center, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0001, Japan (takashima@jwrc-net.or.jp) ** University
More informationMechanical Engineering Technician- Plant Technician
Mechanical Engineering Technician- Plant Technician A competent Mechanical Engineering Technician- Plant Maintenance is expected to: 1. Ability to plan and execute work in a safe and responsible manner
More informationMore inside :: Tackle even the toughest water treatment piping challenges with
More inside :: Tackle even the toughest water treatment piping challenges with Corzan Industrial Systems Corrosion to pipes, valves and fittings caused by chemicals and microbes can greatly impact the
More informationAutomatic Back-Flushing Filter AutoFilt RF9.
Automatic Back-Flushing Filter AutoFilt RF9. AutoFilt RF9 Clearing the Way. The Challenge: In response to the Tier III standard which will come into effect in 2016, the International Maritime Organization
More informationCooling Tower Sidestream Filtration A Green, Proven Cost Reduction Technology
Cooling Tower Sidestream Filtration A Green, Proven Cost Reduction Technology TAB0411 Typical crossflow cooling tower installation Due to the large air-water interface needed to obtain good evaporative
More informationWASHING PROCESS OF CARGO TANKS ON TANKERS FOR TRANSPORTATION OF CRUDE OIL
WASHING PROCESS OF CARGO TANKS ON TANKERS FOR TRANSPORTATION OF CRUDE OIL Siniša Stojan, Ph.D. student Damir Dražić, Ph.D. student Brodotrogir, HR - 21220 Trogir, Croatia sinisa.stojan@brodotrogir.hr,
More informationThe most complete solutions in GRP PIPES AND FITTINGS. ABRERA WATER TREATMENT PLANT (Barcelona) PROJECT REPORT DWTP 2010 / D - 7
The most complete solutions in GRP PIPES AND FITTINGS 1 ABRERA WATER TREATMENT PLANT (Barcelona) 2010 / D - 7 PROJECT REPORT DWTP ABRERA DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANT Project Managers Plant Owner: Aigües
More informationThermoStar Refrigeration Air Dryers
ThermoStar Refrigeration Air Dryers Why dry compressed air? Contamination Reduces Efficiency The air we breathe contains contamination in the form of water vapour and airborne particles. These problems
More informationHalf the cost Half the carbon
Half the cost Half the carbon the world s most efficient micro-chp What is BlueGEN? The most efficient small-scale electricity generator BlueGEN uses natural gas from the grid to generate electricity within
More informationTECHNICAL INFORMATION ABOUT NATURAL GAS TRANSPORT
TECHNICAL INFORMATION ABOUT NATURAL GAS TRANSPORT I / 7 Natural Gas Transport. General principle The most efficient and effective method of natural gas distribution from the place of production to the
More informationMAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS. Thermia Robust heat pump
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS Thermia Robust heat pump 9 6 8 0-5 4 7 4 5 0 0 1 R e v. 3 Table of contents 1 Important information.................. 2 1.1 Product description....................... 2 1.2 General................................
More informationDistrict Cooling Best Practices Piping Systems
District Cooling Best Practices Piping Systems International District Cooling Conference January 14-17, 2007 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Bryan Kleist Agenda Chiller Water Piping Materials Pipe Insulation
More informationOptimization of Cleaning-In- Place (CIP) processes in bottled water industry
Optimization of Cleaning-In- Place (CIP) processes in bottled water industry V. Davy, Nestlé Waters MT AquaFit4Use Mid-Term Conference, Oviedo 15 th June 2010 Introduction CIP principles Cleaning-In-Place
More informationVertical Pumps for the Oil & Gas Industry
Vertical Pumps for the Oil & Gas Industry ITT API Expert ITT Commitment ITT is committed to the Oil and Gas market, which is the largest segment of our business. We have been investing in technology to
More informationAlfa Laval PureBallast 3.1
Alfa Laval PureBallast 3.1 Ballast water treatment system 1000 m 3 /h system Alfa Laval PureBallast 3.1 is an automated inline treatment system for the biological disinfection of ballast water. Operating
More informationStenner Pump Chlorinator Installation & Start Up Guide
Clean Water Made Easy www.cleanwaterstore.com Stenner Pump Chlorinator Installation & Start Up Guide Thank you for purchasing a Clean Water System! With proper installation and a little routine maintenance
More information4 th & Carey Groundwater. Remediation Project and Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment System
4 th & Carey Groundwater Remediation Project and Reverse Osmosis Water Treatment System Contaminated City Well Well #8 4 th and Carey Groundwater contamination from industry was discovered in the Southeast
More informationASME Packaged Indirect Fired Water Heater
Utilizes Or HTHW To Heat Domestic Water, Semi-Instantaneous or Storage Type Model BW Features Reliable Only high grade materials used in construction to ensure long operating life Hydrastone cement lining
More informationTechnology Selection Tools for Boiler Feedwater Applications (US Units)
Technical Paper Technology Selection Tools for Boiler Feedwater Applications (US Units) Authors: Robert Gerard and Roch Laflamme, GE Water & Process Technologies Introduction During the last decade, the
More informationErgo-Pro Single Line Solar Station Installation and Operating Instructions
Rp 3/4 Ergo-Pro Single Line Solar Station Installation and Operating Instructions Item No Pump type 677.21.70 WILO ST 15/6 13 2 4 11 Technical Specifications Max. operating pressure: 6 bar Max. operating
More informationSOLAR WATER PURIFICATION WITH THE HELP OF CSP TECHNOLOGY
Sci. Revs. Chem. Commun.: 3(2), 2013, 128-132 ISSN 2277-2669 SOLAR WATER PURIFICATION WITH THE HELP OF CSP TECHNOLOGY JINESH S. MACHALE *, PRACHI D. THAKUR, PIYUSH S. LALWANI and GAYATRI M. APTE Department
More informationDOE Award Number: TITLE PAGE. Phase I Topical Report. Don L. Hanosh
TITLE PAGE Report Title: Using Cable Suspended Submersible Pumps to Reduce Production Costs to Increase Ultimate Recovery in the Red Mountain Field in San Juan Basin Region Type of Report: Phase I Topical
More informationEfficiency on a large scale CFB Steam Boilers
Efficiency on a large scale CFB Steam Boilers Circulating Fluidized Bed Steam Boiler The Circulating Fluidized Bed Steam Boiler is an offering from Bosch Thermotechnology a member of the worldwide Bosch
More informationWatts Pure Water Systems
Watts Pure Water Systems WM-120-PT Installation and Operation Manual Premier Water Systems Do not use with water that is microbiologically unsafe or of unknown quality without adequate disinfection before
More informationEconomic Siting Factors for Seawater Desalination Projects along the Texas Gulf-Coast
Economic Siting Factors for Seawater Desalination Projects along the Texas Gulf-Coast Mark Graves and Ken Choffel 1 Abstract Technological advances in desalination, shifting market conditions, and increasingly
More informationHow To Water System
Mid-Monroe Water System: Soluble Iron and Manganese Removal via Oxidation & Filtration Daniel Rickard, P.E. Engineering Project Manager Pennsylvania-American Water Company Who Is American Water We are
More informationproducts 22 º C Ventilation Air Conditioning Refrigeration Energy & Cost Saving Products Inside PROVIDED BY HEINEN & HOPMAN
products > Energy & Cost Saving Products OUTSIDE 35 C HUMIDITY 90% 22 º C Inside PROVIDED BY HEINEN & HOPMAN Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning Refrigeration HVAC energy & COST SAVING POSSIBILITIES A
More informationWhite Paper. Chemical dosing and blending - the role of precision actuators
White Paper Chemical dosing and blending - the role of precision actuators Chemical dosing and blending - the role of precision actuators White Paper 16 th August 2014 Chemical dosing and blending - the
More informationAir/Vacuum Valves. Removal of Air from Pipelines. Allow the Entry of Air into Pipelines. Application:
/Vacuum Valves Micro-Irrigation and vacuum control is essential to the safety, longevity, efficiency, and performance of an irrigation system. must be allowed to exit pipelines 1) upon startup to prevent
More informationfor Sediment Removal desired levels. The filtered water then can be chemically treated to ensure its safety. Municipal water Preliminary settling
Treating Water for Sediment Removal J.R. Miner Lakes, ponds, and streams are important sources of water for many farms, rural camps, and households as well as for many municipalities in Oregon. Even under
More informationELECTRIC/DIESEL FIRE PUMP CHECK LIST
BUILDING NAME: DESIGNER: SCO REPRESENTATIVE: PUMP MANUF.: LOCATION: INSTALLER: DATE: OWNER NAME: INSTALLATION Certificate for flushing and hydrostatic test furnished Piping been hydrostatically tested
More informationThe Fouling of Zirconium(IV) Hydrous Oxide Polyacrylate Dynamically Formed Membranes during the Nanofiltration of Lactic Acid Solutions
Membranes 213, 3, 415-423; doi:1.339/membranes34415 Article OPEN ACCESS membranes ISSN 277-375 www.mdpi.com/journal/membranes The Fouling of Zirconium(IV) Hydrous Oxide Polyacrylate Dynamically Formed
More informationCorrosivity of Water Supplies
WD-DWGB-3-4 2009 Corrosivity of Water Supplies What is meant by Corrosivity? Corrosive water can be defined as a condition of water quality which will dissolve metals from metallic plumbing at an excessive
More informationHSE information sheet. Fire and explosion hazards in offshore gas turbines. Offshore Information Sheet No. 10/2008
HSE information sheet Fire and explosion hazards in offshore gas turbines Offshore Information Sheet No. 10/2008 Contents Introduction.. 2 Background of gas turbine incidents in the UK offshore sector...2
More informationDescription & Working
Description & Working Quality... Automatic self-cleaning Filters: HSC Series Page 1 from 5 Range of application: Potable waters systems and treatment Waste water treatment Desalination Hydroelectric powerhouse
More information1. Inspection and monitoring... 3
1 Index 1. Inspection and monitoring... 3 1.1 Handling of new elements... 3 1.1.1 Storage of original packaged RO elements... 3 1.1.2 Packing... 3 1.2 Initial start- up checks of a plant... 3 1.2.1 Preparation
More informationMAINTENANCE OF SMALL WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND IRRIGATION SCHEMES
MAINTENANCE OF SMALL WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND IRRIGATION SCHEMES John van Rijn INDEVELOPMENT MAINTENANCE OF SMALL WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND IRRIGATION SCHEMES Any part of this publication may be
More information