SQL Server. Database Implementa;on. Hans- Pe.er Halvorsen, M.Sc.

Transcription

1 SQL Server Database Implementa;on Hans- Pe.er Halvorsen, M.Sc. 1

2 Database Systems A Database is a structured way to store lots of informa;on. The informa;on is stored in different tables. - Everything today is stored in databases! Examples: Bank/Account systems Informa;on in Web pages such as Facebook, Wikipedia, YouTube, etc. Fronter, TimeEdit, etc. lots of other examples! 2

3 Database Management Systems (DBMS) Microso2 SQL Server Enterprise, Developer versions, etc. (Professional use) Express version is free of charge Oracle MySQL (owned by Oracle, but previously owned by Sun Microsystems) - MySQL can be used free of charge (open source license), Web sites that use MySQL: YouTube, Wikipedia, Facebook MicrosoW Access IBM DB2 Sybase etc. We will use SQL server because it is very popular in the industry today, and we can use it for free via the Microso2 DreamSpark Premium Subscrip?on which is available for the students and staff at Telemark University College, or use the Express version which is available for free for everybody. 3

4 MicrosoW SQL Server SQL Server consists of a Database Engine and a Management Studio. The Database Engine has no graphical interface - it is just a service running in the background of your computer (preferable on the server). The Management Studio is graphical tool for configuring and viewing the informa;on in the database. It can be installed on the server or on the client (or both). The newest version of MicrosoW SQL Server is SQL Server

5 SQL Server 2012/2014 Installa;on Step by Step SoWware SQL Server has different Edi;ons and Installa;on Packages. Here we will go through the installa;on of SQL Server 2014 Express with Tools. Note! It takes some ;me to download, so make sure to do it before the Lab Work in Class!! Prepara?on 1: Download Installa;on Package (SQL Server 2014 Express with Tools) from Internet or DreamSparks. Prepara?on 2: Are you using Windows 8? You may need to install the.net Framework 3.5 in advance: Go to Segngs. Choose Control Panel then choose Programs. Click Turn Windows features on or off, and the user will see Windows feature window. You can enable this feature by click on.net Framework 3.5 (include.net 2.0 and 3.0) select it and click OK. AWer this step, it will download the en;re package from internet and install the.net Framework 3.5 feature. 5

6 Start Installing SQL Server 2014 Express with Tools Step 1 Step 2 (Just Click Next) Note! These screen shots are from SQL Server 2012 but SQL Server 2014 is similiar 6

7 Step 3 (Just Click Next) Step 4 (Just Click Next) 7

8 Step 5(Use Default or change the Name if you want to) Step 6 (Just Click Next) 8

9 Step 7 (Select Mixed Mode ) Select Mixed Mode Step 7b (use Default loca;on or change folder for the Database Files) Enter Password for sa user and make sure to remember it!! 9

10 Step 8 (Just Click Next) Step 9 Finished! Hopefully are all Green (Succeeded) You are now ready to use SQL Server 10

11 MicrosoW SQL Server SoWware 3 Your SQL Server 1 Your Database 2 4 Write your Query here Your Tables 5 The result from your Query 11

12 Database Design Exercise Students: Create these Tables in SQL Server 12

13 MicrosoW SQL Server Create a New Database 2 1 Name you database, e.g., SCHOOL 13

14 Open SQL Server and create a New Database... 1 SQL Server 3 You are Finished. You are ready to start using the database, inser;ng data, etc. 2 Open the SQL Script in order to insert the Tables in SQL Server 14

15 MicrosoW SQL Server Do you get an error when trying to change your tables? Make sure to uncheck this op;on! 15

16 Create Tables using the Designer Tools in SQL Server Even if you can do everything using the SQL language, it is some;mes easier to do something in the designer tools in the Management Studio in SQL Server. Instead of crea;ng a script you may as well easily use the designer for crea;ng tables, constraints, inser;ng data, etc. 1 2 Select New Table : Next, the table designer pops up where you can add columns, data types, etc. In this designer we may also specify constraints, such as primary keys, unique, foreign keys, etc. 16

17 Create Tables with the Database Diagram 1 2 You may select exis;ng tables or create new Tables Create New Table Enter Columns, select Data Types, Primary Keys, etc. 17

18 Example: Get Data from mul;ple tables in a single Query using Joins Students: Try this Example select SchoolName, CourseName from You link Primary Keys and Foreign Keys together SCHOOL inner join COURSE on SCHOOL.SchoolId = COURSE.SchoolId 18

19 Create View: IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'CourseData' AND type = 'V') DROP VIEW CourseData GO CREATE VIEW CourseData AS SELECT SCHOOL.SchoolId, SCHOOL.SchoolName, COURSE.CourseId, COURSE.CourseName, COURSE.Description Crea;ng Views using SQL FROM SCHOOL INNER JOIN COURSE ON SCHOOL.SchoolId = COURSE.SchoolId GO Using the View: select * from CourseData A View is a virtual table that can contain data from mul;ple tables This part is not necessary but if you make any changes, you need to delete the old version before you can update it The Name of the View Inside the View you join the different tables together using the JOIN operator Students: Create this View and make sure it works You can Use the View as an ordinary table in Queries : 19

20 Crea;ng Views using the Editor 3 Graphical Interface where you can select columns you need 1 2 Add necessary tables 4 Save the View Students: Try this 20

21 Create Stored Procedure: IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'StudentGrade' AND type = 'P') DROP PROCEDURE StudentGrade OG CREATE PROCEDURE varchar(1) AS int Stored Procedure select StudentId from STUDENT where StudentName select CourseId from COURSE where CourseName insert into GRADE (StudentId, CourseId, Grade) GO A Stored Procedure is like Method in C# - it is a piece of code with SQL commands that do a specific task and you reuse it This part is not necessary but if you make any changes, you need to delete the old version before you can update it Procedure Name Input Arguments Internal/Local Variables Note! Each variable starts SQL Code (the body of the Stored Procedure) Students: Create this Stored Procedure and make Using the Stored Procedure: sure it works execute StudentGrade 'John Wayne', 'SCE2006', 'B' 21

22 IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects WHERE name = 'CalcAvgGrade' AND type = 'TR') DROP TRIGGER CalgAvgGrade GO CREATE TRIGGER CalcAvgGrade ON GRADE FOR UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE AS float Trigger A Trigger is executed when you insert, update or delete data in a Table specified in the Trigger. Create the Trigger: Name of the Trigger Specify which Table the Trigger shall work on Specify what kind of opera;ons the Trigger shall act on Internal/Local Variables This part is not necessary but if you make any changes, you need to delete the old version before you can update it Inside the Trigger you can use ordinary SQL statements, create variables, etc. = StudentId from INSERTED = AVG(Grade) from GRADE where StudentId update STUDENT set TotalGrade where StudentId SQL Code (The body of the Trigger) GO Students: Create this Trigger and make sure it works Note! INSERTED is a temporarily table containing the latest inserted data, and it is very handy to use inside a trigger 22

23 Recommended Li.erature Tutorial: Introduc;on to Database Systems h.p://home.hit.no/~hansha/?tutorial=database Tutorial: Structured Query Language (SQL) h.p://home.hit.no/~hansha/?tutorial=sql Tutorial: Using SQL Server in C# Tutorial: Introduc;on to Visual Studio and C# h.p://home.hit.no/~hansha/?tutorial=csharp 23

24 Hans- Pe[er Halvorsen, M.Sc. Telemark University College Faculty of Technology Department of Electrical Engineering, Informa?on Technology and Cyberne?cs E- mail: Blog: h[p://home.hit.no/~hansha/ 24