IMPROVING THE CYST PRODUCTION IN VINH CHAU SOLAR SALTPANS, MEKONG DELTA, VIETNAM BY APPLYING NEW APPROACHES

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1 Asian Pacific Aquaculture December - Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam IMPROVING THE CYST PRODUCTION IN VINH CHAU SOLAR SALTPANS, MEKONG DELTA, VIETNAM BY APPLYING NEW APPROACHES Nguyen Thi Hong Van 1 Tran Huu Le 1 Patrick Sorgeloos 2 Gilbert Van Stappen 2 and Nguyen Van Hoa 1 1 College of Aquaculture & Fisheries - Can Tho University - 2 Laboratory for Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center- Ghent University

2 Introduction

3 Importance of Artemia to aquaculture in Vietnam Macrobrachium rosenbergii Prawn larvae Artemia nauplii Artemia cysts 1980s studied artificial reproduction of M. rosenbergii prawn Without using Artemia, no high survival obtained in prawn larviculture No natural Artemia populations are present in Vietnam Incorporating of Artemia culture into Salt production

4 Technical problems encountered: not stable productivity, dropped down in recent years Environmental factors: temperature, rainfall... Food quantity & quality Primary production (microalgae) control Economic aspects

5 Artemia production in MD over years ( )

6 Objectives 1. Improve the annual yield by providing better living conditions for Artemia 2. Build up a stable culture technique with better yield and applicability for the local famers 3. Technical transfer and training for local technical staff and farmers

7 Results (Indoor culture) Feed Survival rate (%) Cysts per female Nauplii per female Total Offspring per female Rice bran (100%) RB 78,0±9,17 a 471±59 c 995±116 d 1.466±139 bd Algae (100%) AL 91,3±2,67 a 923±106 bd 608±155 a 1.531±161 d Shrimp feed for PL (100%) SF0 RB (75%) + AL (25%) 86,7±3,06 a 1.328±199 e 379±143 b 1.707±286 e 78,0±6,93 a 749±143 a 543±96 a 749±143 a RB (50%) + AL (50%) RB (25%) + AL (75%) SF0 (25%) + AL (75%) SF0 (50%) + AL (50%) SF0 (75%) + AL (25%) 85,1±12,1 a 778±127 a 529±88 a 1.307±145 a 88,7±5,03 a 519±112 c 591±135 a 1.110±196 c 87,1±4,82 a 986±152 ad 248±87 a 1.234±193 ab 89,1±3,79 a 947±121 b 410±94 b 1.357±157 ab 84,2±5,18 a 834±189 b 516±125 c 1.350±243 ac

8 Results (Outdoor culture Evaluation of using supplemental feed) Kg/ha/crop kg/ha/vụ ,2±15,0b ,0±15,8a ,4±5,9a NT1 NT2 NT3 Green water Nghiệm thức Rice bran Cyst yield in pond culture Shrimp feed for PL

9 Results Economic evaluation (Note: price at farm gate in March 2012 was VND/kgww = 54USD) Treatment Total Cost (x1.000 VND) Income (x1.000 VND) Profit (x1.000 đồng) Return on investment Green water Rice bran Shrimp feed ±113 a ±9 b ±85 c ±6.534 a ± a ± b ±6.647 a ± a ± b 1,41±0,23 a 2,51±0,58 ab 3,09±0,38 b

10 Results (Outdoor culture Evaluation of using aeration) Cyst yield (kg) ,2 a ±27,5 195,8 b ±44,2 207 b ±46, No aeration NT2 NT3 Nghiệm thức SF0+aeration 6hours per day SF0+aeration 12hours per day

11 Results Economic evaluation (Note: price at farm gate in March 2012 was VND/kgww = 54USD) Treatment Total Cost (x1.000 VND) Income (x1.000 VND) Profit (x1.000 đồng) Return on investment No aeration SF0+aeration 6hours per day SF0+aeration 12hours per day ± 113, ± 85, ± 70, a ± b ± b ± ,24 a 2,73 a 2,71 a

12 Results Demonstration farms and technical transfer 3 random farmers from 3 cooperatives were selected for technical transfer Cyst yield (kg/ha) at 3 demonstration farms: Vĩnh phước: Vĩnh tân: Lai hòa: Estimation for harvesting with time period in practice 204 kg/ha (> 60 ngày) 128 kg/ha (> 60 ngày) 93 kg/ha (~ 60 ngày) Vĩnh phước 91,48 182,96 274,43 Vĩnh tân 43,64 87,27 130,91 Lai hòa 49,69 99,38 149,06

13 Results Economic evaluation for each farm (per ha) Farm (House hold) Lai Cao Lãnh (Vĩnh phước) Lý Ô Chó (Vĩnh tân) Phan Tấn Phát (Lai Hòa) Investment (VND) Cyst yield (kg/ha/crop) Income (VND) Profit (VND) Average: ± VND ( 6000 ± 2800 USD)

14 Comparision between the improved and traditional technique Sản lượng (Tấn tươi) Năng suất (kg/ha/vụ) * Diện tích (ha) Diện Area tích (ha) (ha) Sản Production lượng (Tấn tươi) Năng Yield suất (kg/ha/crop (Kg/ha/vụ)

15 Conclusions Indoor experiments: Shrimp feed for PL (SF0) is a good supplemental food for Artemia during the culture as it can promote the oviparity (cysts) better than using other feed. Outdoor trials: Using SF0 gave a yield of ±15.02 kg/ha/crop and ROI is 3,09±0,38 Using SF0 combining with aeration in 12 hours gave a highest yield (207±46,1 kg/ha/vụ), however, ROI was highest when using SF0 + aeration in 6 hours (2,73) Using of aeration is not applicable in Artemia culture due to high cost and complicated

16 Conclusions Technical transfer was successful (yields varied from kg/ha/crop) and it brought back a profit of millions VND ( ; average of 6000 USD USD/ha/crop) The project also recruited 10 local technicians for spreading of new technique to farmers along Vinh Chau-Bac Lieu coastal area where Artemia culture is popular and organized 6 short training courses during 2 years for local farmers

17 Suggestions SF0 should be added as feed for Artemia cyst production with a dose of 4-6 kg/ha/days. With a density of 100 con/l in pond, aeration is not necessary to be installed as it did not result in a better improvement in term of both economics and cyst yield. The improved technique (so called intensive artemia culture) should be spread and applied in the MD due to its advantage comparing to other culture models was proved

18 Suggestions The local authority should play a better role in the development of Artemia culture in the region via: - supporting loans for Artemia farmers from the banks - well-manage the irrigation system during the dry season. - Taking care and train the local technicians, extension staff who directly relate to the expansion the Artemia culture in the MD.

19 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION