The Mohs Scale of hardness of minerals and important rock building minerals to know
|
|
|
- Scarlett Payne
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Mohs Scale of hardness of minerals and important rock building minerals to know Use all the tools to identify a mineral: Hardness (steel needle, coin, finger nail, glass and other minerals), Lustre, Fracture, Colour, Habit, Transparency, Cleavage, all are important to identify the mineral! Identify all the minerals you can in a rock. Remember, the hardness of a mineral is something different to the hardness of a rock! The cleavage of the rocks is not a mineral cleavage! In a rock identify internal structures, crystals or grains, their size and / or roundness, cleavage, schistosity, flow structures. etc! From the above conclude the processes: crystallisation, intrusion, extrusion, precipitation or deposition. Using all the knowledge above try to classify the rock! Important Rocks:: Granite, andesite, sandstone, rhyolite, basalt, diorite, trachyte, shale, mudstone, conglomerate, quartzite, limestone, dolomite and their various metamorphic counterparts.
2 Mohs hardness Mineral Chemical formula Image 1 Talc Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 2 Gypsum CaSO 4 2H 2 O 3 Calcite CaCO 3 4 Fluorite CaF 2 5 Apatite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH,Cl,F ) 6 Orthoclase Feldspar KAlSi 3 O 8 7 Quartz SiO 2 8 Topaz Al 2 SiO 4 (OH,F ) 2 9 Corundum Al 2 O 3 10 Diamond C
3 Mohs Scale Minerals: Talc General chemistry: [Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ] (Phyllosilicate) Hardness: 1 Streak: White Lustre: Dull, pearly or greasy Cleavage: One perfect to poorly visible plane Colour: apple-green, grey, white or dark-grey Comment: Has a soapy texture ( soapstone ) normally formed as secondary mineral when alteration of silicate minerals occurs (i.e. olivine)
4 Gypsum General chemistry: CaSO 4 2H 2 O (sulphate) Hardness: 2 Streak: White Lustre: Vitreous; sub-vitreoous Transparency: Translucent to milky Cleavage: In 3 directions: Perfect, almost micaceous in some samples; distinct, yielding a surface with a conchoidal fracture; yielding a fibrous fracture Colour: Colourless to white, light grey or brown Comment: Found as massive variety, including the alabaster and as clear crystals, the selenite variety; and, parallel fibrous, the satin spar variety.
5 Calcite General Chemistry: [CaCO 3 ] carbonate Hardness: 3 Streak: White to greyish Lustre: vitreous Cleavage: Perfect Colour: White, colourless, grey, rarely red, brown, green or black Comment: Calcite is transparent to translucent. It can form nice hydrothermal crystals or a carbonate rock and be there usually organogenic.
6 Fluorite General chemistry: [CaF 2 ] Hardness: 4 Streak: White Lustre: Vitreous Cleavage: Perfect on 3 sides; Fracture is uneven Colour: Great variety, ranging from purple, green, colourless, white, brown, and yellow Comment: Is very common in hydrothermal veins, and around hot springs. It is associated with common minerals such as quartz, calcite, dolomite, and galena. It falls under flouride group
7 Apatite General chemistry: Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (F,OH,Cl) (phosphate) Hardness: 5 Streak: White Lustre: Vitreous Cleavage: Poor Colour: green, brown, blue, yellow, violet, colourless Comment: Common in organic-rich sedimentary rocks, and hydrothermal veins. Used as source of phosphor in fertilizers
8 Orthoclase; Alkali Feldspar (K-feldspar) General chemistry: ([KAlSi 3 O 8 ]) Microcline or Orthoclase, Tectosilicate Hardness: 6 Streak: White Lustre: Dull to vitreous Cleavage: Normally 2 planes at ~90 but can also have max. 3 planes at ~90 (Perfect good poor visibility) Colour: Green (microcline = Amazonite), white, clourless, red, grey or yellow. Comment: Commonly occurs in granites, granodiorites, syenites, and sedimentary arkose and conglomerate rocks
9 Quartz General chemistry: [SiO 2 ] Hardness: 7 Streak: none Lustre: Vitreous on fresh surface Cleavage: None (Uneven fractures and Conchoidal Fracture) Colour: Smoky, milky, purple, pink, yellow, and rose quartz are most common Comment: Occurs commonly in SiO 2 rich- igneous, metamorphic and in almost all sedimentary rocks but not on carbonates and in igneous rocks never with olivine!
10 Topas General chemistry: Al 2 SiO 4 (F,OH) 2 + Cr Hardness: 8 Streak: None Lustre: Vitreous Cleavage: Perfect in one direction Colour: Great variety, ranging from purple, green, colourless, white, brown, and yellow Comment: In igneous environments, in granite pegmatites and in rhyolite. Also in sedimentary, alluvial deposits as heavy mineral.
11 Corundum General chemistry: [Al 2 O 3 ] is an oxide mineral Hardness: 9 Streak: none Lustre: Vitreous or dull when weathered Cleavage: One plane at 90 to C-axis is generally visible as good to poor striations Colour: varying as a result of traces of Cr, Fe and Ti, hence blue (sapphire), grey, yellow, or brown. Comment: Present as accessory mineral in metamorphic rocks and sometimes in silica poor rocks.
12 Diamond General chemistry: C Hardness: 10 Streak: none Lustre: Greasy Cleavage: Perfect octahedral Colour: Colourless, yellowish, brown, black, blue, green or red, pink, champagne-tan, cognac-brown, lilac (very rare). Comment: Diamond is the hardest natural substance known. It is formed deep in the mantle, and is only brought to the surface via kimberlite pipes, lamprophyres, eclogites intruding thick continental crust. It is also found in alluvial deposits.
13 Other important minerals, not part of the Mohs Hardness Scale: Olivine General chemistry: [(Fe, Mg, Ca) 2 SiO 4 ] Nesosilicate Mineral Hardness: Streak: White Lustre: Vitreous or greasy looking Cleavage: None, hence conchoidal fracturing Colour: Pale yellow-brownish-green or olive-green (chemistry dependent) Comment: Olivines are generally associated with ultramafic rocks and there never come together with quartz!
14 Pyroxene General chemistry: [(Ca, Na) (Mg, Fe, Al, Ti)(Si,Al) 2 O 6 ] Inosilicates Hardness: Streak: grey-green or white or grey Lustre: vitreous or pearly or dull Cleavage: Orthopyroxene: 2 planes at ~90 o (good to poor visibility); clinopyroxene: at c. 60 and 120 Colour: dark green or black, rarely light green to Comment: occurrence mostly in ultramafic to mafic rocks and some metamorphic rocks.
15 Amphibole (Hornblende) General chemistry (Ca,Na) 2 (Mg,Fe,Al) 5 (Al,Si) 8 O 22 (OH) 2 Hardness: 5-6 Streak: White Lustre: Pearly to greasy -glassy Cleavage: 2 perfect planes crossing at c. 60 and 120 Colour: mostly black to dark greenish or brown Comment: It is an important constituent in acid and intermediate igneous rocks such as granite, diorite, syenite, andesite and rhyolite. Also in metamorphic rocks such as gneiss and schist. Metamorphic rocks with abundant hornblende are called amphibolites.
16 Biotite Mica General chemistry: [K(Mg,Fe 2+ ) 3 (Al, Fe 3+ )SiO 10 (OH, F) 2 ] Phyllosilicate Hardness: Streak: White Lustre: Pearly or vitreous Cleavage: One perfect plane Colour: Dark green, brown- black, rarely light colour even individual sheets have smoky colour, translucent Comment: It occurs in a very wide array of environments in igneous and metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
17 Muscovite (White Mica) General chemistry: [KAl 2 (Si 3 Al)O 10 (OH,F) 2 ] Phyllosilicate Hardness: Streak: White Lustre: Pearly or vitreous Cleavage: One perfect plane Colour: Transparent, translucent (individual sheets), white, brown, shades of yellow or green Comment: Is very common in silica-rich igneous rocks and forms characteristic foliation planes in regionally metamorphosed rocks. As flakes in sedimentary rocks.
18 Plagioclase Feldspar General chemistry: [Anorthite (CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 ) Albite (NaAlSi 3 O 8 )] Tectosilicate Hardness: Streak: White Lustre: Vitreous to glassy Cleavage: 2 planes with perfect to good visibility Colour: Translucent, milky white, grey, yellowish or fleshred (very wide range of colours due to chemistry range) Comment: Present in wide array of rocks therefore poor tool for discriminating rocks at hand specimen.
19 Fe oxide minerals Magnetite General chemistry: Fe 3+ 2Fe 2+ O 4 (Fe 3 O 4 ; oxide) Hardness: Streak: black to dark brown (often together with haematite) Lustre: metallic to dull when weathered Cleavage: None Colour: greyish black to brown, when with haematite Comment: strongly magnetic, occurring in magmatic rocks and in metamorphic rocks and some sedimentary rocks like banded iron formations, or as heavy mineral in sandstones
20 Haematite General chemistry: Fe2O3 (oxide) Hardness: 5-6 Streak: red to reddish-brown Lustre: Metallic to dull Cleavage: One perfect plane Colour: reddish brown, sometimes black to silver grey Comment: Occurs in all different sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic environments and in oxidation zones of Fe-rich rocks. Important Fe-ore mineral, paramegnetic
21 Fe sulpide: Pyrite General chemistry: FeS 2 (sulphide) Hardness: Streak: black Lustre: Metallic (goldish) Cleavage: None Colour: golden- silvery Comment: Pyrite forms in almost all types of environments, including sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic environments and hydrothermal veins at the absence of oxygen.
EARTH SCIENCE 110 INTRODUCTION to GEOLOGY MINERALS & ROCKS LABORATORY
EARTH SCIENCE 110 INTRODUCTION to GEOLOGY DR. WOLTEMADE NAME: SECTION: MINERALS & ROCKS LABORATORY INTRODUCTION The identification of minerals and rocks is an integral part of understanding our physical
P1: Rock identification (I)
P1: Rock identification (I) Examine the rocks specimens provided with the aid of these notes. All the rocks come from Ireland, as detailed on the attached map. Answer the short question on each specimen
Rocks & Minerals 1 Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com
Name: KEY Rocks & Minerals 1 KEY CONCEPT #1: What is a mineral? It is a naturally occurring, inorganic substance which has a definite chemical composition What would be the opposite of this? man-made,
Procedures for identifying minerals:
Procedures for identifying minerals: 1. Separate metallic/earthy minerals from nonmetallic minerals. If you re not sure about the luster of the mineral, then it is probably nonmetallic. a. EARTHY AND METALLIC
Presents the. Rock Test Study Resource
Presents the Rock Test Study Resource Created by Simone Markus Published by EngLinks 1 Preface This is a free resource provided by EngLinks for students in APSC 151. This presentation is a supplementary
** Rocks are aggregates of one or more minerals ** 3. Hardness: A measure of resistance to scratching. On the Mohs Scale, it ranges from 1 to 10.
Lab 2: Mineral Lab notes. Minerals are inorganic, solid, naturally occurring substances that have a characteristic chemical compositions, distinctive physical properties, and crystalline structures. Chemical
Rocks & Minerals. 10. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic? 1) rock salt 3) basalt 2) rhyolite 4) conglomerate
1. Of the Earth's more than 2,000 identified minerals, only a small number are commonly found in rocks. This fact indicates that most 1) minerals weather before they can be identified 2) minerals have
Name: Rocks & Minerals 1 Mark Place, www.learnearthscience.com
Name: Rocks & Minerals 1 KEY CONCEPT #1: What is a mineral? It is a, substance which has a What would be the opposite of this? KEY CONCEPT #2: What causes minerals to have different physical properties?
Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Class: Date: Minerals Study Guide Modified True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
Identification of Rock forming mineral -Sean Tvelia-
Identification of Rock forming mineral -Sean Tvelia- Minerals are the natural material that every inorganic material on planet Earth is composed of. They are the foundation of both our planet and most
Earth Materials: Intro to rocks & Igneous rocks. The three major categories of rocks Fig 3.1 Understanding Earth
Earth Materials: 1 The three major categories of rocks Fig 3.1 Understanding Earth 2 Intro to rocks & Igneous rocks Three main categories of rocks: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic The most common minerals
LAB 2: MINERAL PROPERTIES AND IDENTIFICATION
OBJECTIVES: LAB 2: MINERAL PROPERTIES AND IDENTIFICATION 1) to become familiar with the properties important in identifying minerals; 2) to learn how to identify the common rock-forming minerals. Preparatory
Silicate Structures. The building blocks of the common rock-forming minerals
Silicate Structures The building blocks of the common rock-forming minerals Mineral classes and the silicates There are a total of 78 mineral classes 27 of these are the silicates which constitute ~92%
1. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below. Old Man s Loss Felt in New Hampshire
UNIT 3 EXAM ROCKS AND MINERALS NAME: BLOCK: DATE: 1. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below. Old Man s Loss Felt in New Hampshire FRANCONIA, N.H. Crowds
Atoms and Elements. Atoms: Learning Goals. Chapter 3. Atoms and Elements; Isotopes and Ions; Minerals and Rocks. Clicker 1. Chemistry Background?
Chapter 3 Atoms Atoms and Elements; Isotopes and Ions; Minerals and Rocks A Review of Chemistry: What geochemistry tells us Clicker 1 Chemistry Background? A. No HS or College Chemistry B. High School
Rock Identification Lab
Rock Identification Lab Name Mineral Hardness Objective: You will determine the relative hardness of common objects relative to the known hardness of index minerals. We will use fingernail, copper, glass,
Lab 3: Minerals. (2) Minerals are solids, therefore liquids and gases are not considered minerals.
Introduction Minerals Minerals are the basic building blocks that make up the solid Earth. Therefore, any study of the solid Earth must begin with an understanding of minerals. A mineral, by definition,
Rocks and Minerals Multiple Choice
Rocks and Minerals Multiple Choice 1. The basaltic bedrock of the oceanic crust is classified as (1) felsic, with a density of 2.7 g/cm3 (2) felsic, with a density of 3.0 g/cm3 (3) mafic, with a density
BOWEN'S REACTION SERIES
BOWEN'S REACTION SERIES Purpose John J. Thomas Frequently, people cannot visualize the mineral associations that form the sequences of igneous rocks that you find in the earth's crust and what happens
Earth Materials: Minerals. Mineral Properties. Mineral Properties. Some optical properties. Three general categories:
1 2 Earth Materials: Minerals What is a mineral? Properties/characteristics of different types of minerals Mineral structures and bonding Major categories of minerals Importance and uses of minerals What
FAIRLY SIMPLE MINERAL IDENTIFICATION EXERCISE. John J. Thomas
FAIRLY SIMPLE MINERAL IDENTIFICATION EXERCISE John J. Thomas Purpose An exercise in the identification of minerals that uses minerals with very distinct characteristics. The students will learn the characteristics
Identifying Minerals
Identifying Minerals All rocks are made up of minerals. Rocks have different colors, textures, and shapes. Some rocks or minerals are very hard. Some are soft. A gemstone is a mineral that is rare and
Metamorphic rocks are rocks changed from one form to another by intense heat, intense pressure, and/or the action of hot fluids.
Metamorphic Rocks, Processes, and Resources Metamorphic rocks are rocks changed from one form to another by intense heat, intense pressure, and/or the action of hot fluids. Protolith or parent rock is
Mineral Identification
Mineral Identification Name Notes Page Objectives Explain which mineral properties are most important in identification. Explain how to identify minerals by their properties. Classify some common minerals
Rock Identification. Introduction
Introduction Rock Identification In our everyday lives, we often find confusion between the terms rock and mineral. People will sometimes use the terms interchangeably since they are both found in the
ES 104: Laboratory # 7 IGNEOUS ROCKS
ES 104: Laboratory # 7 IGNEOUS ROCKS Introduction Igneous rocks form from the cooling and crystallization of molten rock material. This can occur below the surface of the earth forming intrusive rocks
Lab Activity on Minerals
Lab Activity on Minerals 2002 Ann Bykerk-Kauffman, Dept. of Geological and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Chico * Introduction Rocks are made of many mineral grains stuck together.
Geology Laboratory: Metamorphic Rocks
OBJECTIVES Learn to identify metamorphic rocks by structure and mineralogy. Identify major minerals contained within a metamorphic rock. Distinguish between foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rocks.
Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks Earth Science Rock Lab. Introduction
Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rocks Earth Science Rock Lab Introduction A rock is any natural aggregate composed of minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic particles. There are three primary rock
Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE
DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer Provide specific and detailed
Igneous Rocks. Geology 200 Geology for Environmental Scientists
Igneous Rocks Geology 200 Geology for Environmental Scientists Magma Compositions Ultramafic - composition of mantle Mafic - composition of basalt, e.g. oceanic crust. 900-1200 o C, 50% SiO 2 Intermediate
Objectives: Vocabulary: Materials: Students will: Safety: Element Mineral Streak. Absolute Hardness
: Finding Clues Like a Scientist Author: Kris Poduska Date Created: 2000 Subject: Earth Science, Classification Level: Elementary and Middle School Standards: New York State- Intermediate Science (www.emsc.nysed.gov/ciai/)
1 Exploring Earth s Interior
1 Exploring Earth s Interior Crust Mantle Outer Core Crust-to-Mantle Inner Core Cross Section From Surface to Center SCIENCE EXPLORER Focus on Earth Science Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2 Evidence for Continental
Quartz. Joseph R. Smyth. Adopt-a-Mineral Project Example Paper
Quartz Joseph R. Smyth Adopt-a-Mineral Project Example Paper 1 I. Introduction Quartz, or α-quartz, is the mineral form of SiO 2 stable at low temperatures and pressures. The English word derives from
Three Main Types of Rocks Igneous Rocks. Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks. Made by Liesl at The Homeschool Den
Three Main Types of Rocks Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Igneous Rocks Above and below: Basalt Above: Gabbro Above: Pumice Above: Basalt, Giant Causeway in Ireland Above: Obsidian Above:
Unit 8.3.1 Study Guide: Rocks, Minerals, and the Rock Cycle
Name Date Per Unit 8.3.1 Study Guide: Rocks, Minerals, and the Rock Cycle I Can Statements I Can Statements are the learning targets for each unit. By the time you take the test for this unit, you should
Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE
DATE DUE: Name: Instructor: Ms. Terry J. Boroughs Geology 305 INTRODUCTION TO ROCKS AND THE ROCK CYCLE Instructions: Read each question carefully before selecting the BEST answer Provide specific and detailed
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS. Sedimentary rocks are formed near or at the surface of the earth.
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sedimentary rocks are formed near or at the surface of the earth. They are derived from preexisting source rocks. They are composed by sediments, this is material that has been weathered,
Mineral Examination. Logot: Heureka, Pencil, Ecsite, EU
Mineral Examination Logot: Heureka, Pencil, Ecsite, EU This laboratory programme has been developed at Heureka, the Finnish Science Centre as a deliverable for the Work Package 8: Chemistry for Primary
7) A clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded to subrounded gravel is called a A) coal. B) shale. C) breccia.
Please read chapters 10 and 5 CHAPTER 5 Sedimentary Rocks 1) Sedimentary rocks A) form by compaction and cementation of loose sediment. B) are widespread on the continents and ocean floor. C) are common
Metamorphic Rocks Practice Questions and Answers Revised October 2007
Metamorphic Rocks Practice Questions and Answers Revised October 2007 1. Metamorphism is a that involves no melt phase. 2. The protolith of a metamorphic rock is the (a) sibling (b) brother (c) parent
Chapter 1. Minerals and Mineraloids
Chapter 1 Minerals and Mineraloids When most people think of minerals, they usually imagine expensive gemstones like diamonds, emeralds and sapphires, or economic minerals like silver, gold and copper.
Igneous Geochemistry. What is magma? What is polymerization? Average compositions (% by weight) and liquidus temperatures of different magmas
1 Igneous Geochemistry What is magma phases, compositions, properties Major igneous processes Making magma how and where Major-element variations Classification using a whole-rock analysis Fractional crystallization
CLASSIFICATION // CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME ROCK FEATURES
Reference: CLASSIFICATION // CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME ROCK FEATURES Engineering characteristics of main rock material: - Geological name, (type of rock) - Orientation of foliation/bedding/layering - Anisotropy,
Chapter 2. Igneous Rocks
Chapter 2 Igneous Rocks Most students find the definition of a mineral to be rather long and cumbersome. In contrast, the definition of a rock is short and sweet. A rock is any naturally occurring aggregate
FIFTH GRADE MINERALS 2 WEEKS LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES
FIFTH GRADE MINERALS 2 WEEKS LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES WEEK 1. PRE: Describing a chemical reaction. LAB: Illustrating how molecules move. POST: Comparing salt and sugar crystals. ROCK CYCLE OVERVIEW
What is a rock? How are rocks classified? What does the texture of a rock reveal about how it was formed?
CHAPTER 4 1 The Rock Cycle SECTION Rocks: Mineral Mixtures BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is a rock? How are rocks classified? What does
EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY IN PLANETARY SCIENCE
Rocks and Minerals I. OBJECTIVES One of the many ways to study Earth is by examining the rocks that make up its surface. Earth is a dynamic planet, with plate tectonics, water, wind, volcanoes, and mountains.
Grade 9 Geography - Unit 3 Lesson 3 The Rock Cycle
Grade 9 Geography - Unit 3 Lesson 3 The Rock Cycle What is the difference between a Rock and a Mineral? Minerals are homogeneous, naturally occurring, inorganic solids. Each mineral has a definite chemical
FIRST GRADE ROCKS 2 WEEKS LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES
FIRST GRADE ROCKS 2 WEEKS LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES ROCK CYCLE OVERVIEW OF FIRST GRADE CHEMISTRY WEEK 1. PRE: Comparing solids, gases, liquids, and plasma. LAB: Exploring how states of matter can change.
Magmas and Igneous Rocks
Page 1 of 14 EENS 1110 Tulane University Physical Geology Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Magmas and Igneous Rocks This page last updated on 03-Sep-2015 Magma and Igneous Rocks Igneous Rocks are formed by crystallization
Geology 200 Getting Started...
Geology 200 Getting Started... Name This handout should be completed and become a part of your Notebook for this course. This handout is intended to be a review of some important ideas from your introductory
MINERALS IN BATES LIMESTONE, LEWTSTON, MAINE* Llovn W. Frsnon, Bates College, Lewi.ston, Maine. INrnonucrton
MINERALS IN BATES LIMESTONE, LEWTSTON, MAINE* Llovn W. Frsnon, Bates College, Lewi.ston, Maine. INrnonucrton Location.-The city of Lewiston is located in the southwestern part of Maine, in Androscoggin
METAMORPHIC ROCKS. Teacher Guide including Lesson Plans, Student Readers, and More Information
METAMORPHIC ROCKS Teacher Guide including Lesson Plans, Student Readers, and More Information Lesson 1 - Formation of Metamorphic Rocks Lesson 2 - Metamorphic Rock Classification Chart Lesson 3 - Metamorphic
Phyllosilicates (Silicate Sheets)
Phyllosilicates (Silicate Sheets) Many members have a platy or flaky habit with one very prominent cleavage. (Si 2 O 5 ) 2- etrahedral sheet (6-fold) Minerals are generally soft, low specific gravity,
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES 212
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES 212 Lab 2 (4 hours): PLUTONIC IGNEOUS ROCKS This lab will introduce you to the variety of plutonic rocks and rock suites. A suite is a group of petrogenetically related rocks.
GEOL1010 Hour Exam 1 Sample
GEOL1010 Hour Exam 1 Sample 1. The inner core of the Earth is composed of a) solid silicate b) liquid silicate magma c) liquid metal d) solid metal e) olivine. 2. The upper mantle of the Earth is composed
SECOND GRADE ROCKS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES
SECOND GRADE ROCKS 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES ROCK CYCLE OVERVIEW OF SECOND GRADE CHEMISTRY WEEK 1. PRE: Comparing the states of matter. LAB: Observing the elements on the periodic table. POST:
IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY & METAMORPHIC ROCKS
IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY & METAMORPHIC ROCKS the appearance of a rock is determined by its mineralogy and its texture (Gefüge) mineralogy relative proportions of the different minerals texture size and shape
MINERALS. Contents INTRODUCTION ROCKS KEY TO ROCKS & MINERALS COLLECTIONS. Key to Rocks & Minerals Collections Page 1 of 6
STATE OF MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION KEY TO ROCKS & MINERALS COLLECTIONS Contents by Harry O. Sorensen Reprinted 1968 Lansing, Michigan INTRODUCTION... 1 MINERALS...
Recommended Group Size: Groups of 2-3 This is a wet experiment and should ideally be done in the Science Lab
Grade: 3rd Activity #: 1 Activity Title: Studying Rocks and Minerals Recommended Group Size: Groups of 2-3 Special Notes: This is a wet experiment and should ideally be done in the Science Lab Purpose
Diagnostic features: low hardness (H = 2, scratched by fingernail), planes of cleavage forming rhombic plates.
Sulfate Gypsum CaSO 4 2 H 2 O Diagnostic features: low hardness (H = 2, scratched by fingernail), planes of cleavage forming rhombic plates. Habit: well-formed crystals are tabular, with a rhombic outline
Properties of Minerals
Some of the samples used in Mineralogy Lab are museum specimens. Please do not destroy them. You can do just about anything you want to the grungy ones, but be nice to the pretty specimens as they are
Roadstone - which rock? Investigating the best rock type for the wearing course of roads
Roadstone - which rock? Investigating the best rock type for the wearing course of roads Roads are made of various types of rock aggregate (crushed rock fragments). Quarries provide the aggregate used
Introduction to Classification of Rocks Using the Building Stones of the Brooklyn College Campus
Rocks and Stones EESC 1101 Introduction to Classification of Rocks Using the Building Stones of the Brooklyn College Campus Rocks and stones are not exactly the same thing: a rock is a natural material
MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE AVERAGE SHALE
MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE AVERAGE SHALE By D. H. YAAtON Department of Geology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem. [Received 7th October, 1961] ABSTRACT Mineralogical compositions have been calculated from
Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks
Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks Deposited at the earth s surface by wind, water, glacier ice, or biochemical processes Typically deposited in strata (layers) under cool surface conditions. This is
REDSTONE EXPLORATION SERVICES: FILE NOTE SERIES Note 03. ROCK FORMING MINERALS IN THE FIELD A BASIC INTRODUCTION
3 REDSTONE EXPLORATION SERVICES: FILE NOTE SERIES Note 03. ROCK FORMING MINERALS IN THE FIELD A BASIC INTRODUCTION January 2013 Compiled by Dr. Mike Mlynarczyk So... It s your first day ever in the field
Rocks & Minerals. Background Information for Teachers
Rocks & Minerals Background Information for Teachers INTRODUCTION Washington is a state known for its geology. Step outside your school in western Washington, and look at the landscape. On the horizon,
Mineral Identification
Laboratory Manual for Physical Geology Mineral Identification Overview... 2 Materials Needed... 2 Scientific Definition of Minerals... 2 Physical Properties of Minerals... 5 Identification Process... 13
Investigation 1-Part 1: Investigating Mock Rocks. Geology: the scientific study of Earth s history and structure
Investigation 1-Part 1: Investigating Mock Rocks Geology: the scientific study of Earth s history and structure Geologist: a person who studies the Earth and the materials of which it is made Property:
Petros = Rock Ultimate source of all rocks Weathering erosion of pre-existing rocks
GEOLOGY 326 INTRODUCTION TO PETROLOGY Igneous = Sedimentary = Metamorphic = Petros = Rock Ultimate source of all rocks Weathering erosion of pre-existing rocks Change in form The chemical and petrologic
Amygdaloidal texture. Kimberlite. UNC sample. H-64 Rock type. amygdaloidal basalt Locality. unknown
Amygdaloidal texture H-64 amygdaloidal basalt unknown The oval feature in this photomicrograph is an amygdule: a formerly open vesicle which has been filled with a secondary mineral(s) precipitated from
SGL 101: MATERIALS OF THE EARTH Lecture 5 C.M. NYAMAI SECTION 3 LECTURE 5. 5.0 NATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS
SECTION 3 LECTURE 5. 5.0 NATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF IGNEOUS ROCKS 5.1 INTRODUCTION Welcome to lecture 5. You have now successfully completed section 1 and 2 of this unit. You can now state the basic
Chapter 4. Metamorphic Rocks. 4.1 Types of Metamorphism
Chapter 4 Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have undergone a change in texture and/or mineralogy due to high temperature or pressure, or through the action of chemical alteration induced
Chapter 1 MINERALS SECTION I: INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1 MINERALS SECTION I: INTRODUCTION From the perspective of a gemologist a mineral is an exciting thing! Most gems are minerals and minerals even in their natural form can be quite beautiful and
SIXTH GRADE MINERALS
SIXTH GRADE MINERALS 2 WEEKS LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES ROCK CYCLE OVERVIEW OF SIXTH GRADE CHEMISTRY WEEK 1. PRE: Comparing different solutions. LAB: Exploring how elements can be released from compounds.
Ch6&7 Test. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Ch6&7 Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the following does NOT change the form of existing rock? a. tremendous pressure c.
IGNEOUS ROCKS. Teacher Guide including Lesson Plans, Student Readers, and More Information
IGNEOUS ROCKS Teacher Guide including Lesson Plans, Student Readers, and More Information Lesson 1 - Rock Cycle Lesson 2 - Formation of Igneous Rocks Lesson 3 - Classification of Igneous Rocks Lesson 4
Clastic/Detrital Sedimentary Rocks. I.G.Kenyon
Clastic/Detrital Sedimentary Rocks I.G.Kenyon Characteristics of Sedimentary Rocks Formed at or very close to the earth s surface Deposited in layers or beds - often horizontal Frequently contain fossils
Geol 101: Physical Geology Fall 2006 EXAM 1
Geol 101: Physical Geology Fall 2006 EXAM 1 Write your name out in full on the scantron form and fill in the corresponding ovals to spell out your name. Also fill in your student ID number in the space
Building Stones 2 Igneous rocks What are the differences between igneous rocks commonly used as building stones?
Building Stones 2 Igneous rocks What are the differences between igneous rocks commonly used as building stones? Give each small group of pupils a set of the photographs of igneous rocks, printed onto
What are Rocks??? Rocks are the most common material on Earth. They are a naturally occurring collection of one or more minerals.
The Rock Cycle What are Rocks??? Rocks are the most common material on Earth. They are a naturally occurring collection of one or more minerals. The Rock Cycle a cycle that continuously forms and changes
3. Practice describing and classifying rocks as sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous.
Science Unit: Lesson 3: Renewable & Non-renewable Resources Mining in BC School Year: 2009/20010 Developed for: Developed by: Grade level: Duration of lesson: Notes: Dr. R. E. McKechnie Elementary School,
Petrology Lab Thin Sections Distinguishing Features of Minerals
Petrology Lab Thin Sections Distinguishing Features of Minerals Lab 1 (ultramafics) Olivine: Usually colorless to pale yellow in thin section, darker colors correspond to higher iron content. Pleochroism
FROM SEDIMENT INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK. Objectives. Sediments and Sedimentation
FROM SEDIMENT INTO SEDIMENTARY ROCK Objectives Identify three types of sediments. Explain where and how chemical and biogenic sediments form. Explain three processes that lead to the lithification of sediments.
Sedimentary Rocks Practice Questions and Answers Revised September 2007
Sedimentary Rocks Practice Questions and Answers Revised September 2007 1. Clastic sedimentary rocks are composed of and derived from pre-existing material. 2. What is physical weathering? 3. What is chemical
Product/Service Information
Product/Service Information CHEMISTRY AND STONE 2011/12-1 As stone is a natural product that has been created over millions of years by Mother Nature and is a part of so many cultures, it has become the
METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART: EARTH MATERIALS AND ANCIENT CULTURES
METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART: EARTH MATERIALS AND ANCIENT CULTURES The Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded in 1870 to bring art and art education to the American people. In 1880, the Metropolitan Museum
Mineral Properties in Hand Specimen
Gelgy 284 - Mineralgy, Fall 2015 Dr. Helen Lang, West Virginia University Mineral Prperties in Hand Specimen Luster Metallic Sub-metallic Nn-metallic Vitreus Adamantine Resinus Greasy Silky Pearly Dull
THE COMPOSITION OF EARTH: ROCKS AND MINERALS. Keywords: petrology, petrography, mineralogy, rock classification, crust
THE COMPOSITION OF EARTH: ROCKS AND MINERALS Ruth Siddall University College London, UK Keywords: petrology, petrography, mineralogy, rock classification, crust Contents 1. Introduction 2. Minerals 2.1.
Mineral Identification Tests. Test One: Density and Relative Mass
Test One: Density and Relative Mass Some minerals are heavier than other minerals. This allows geologists to distinguish between them. Scale Graduated Beaker or Cylinder Water Examine each of the minerals.
Hydrothermal Solutions and Ore Deposits
Hydrothermal Solutions and Ore Deposits Physical Chemistry of Minerals and Aqueous Solutions D.M. Sherman, University of Bristol Chalcophiles, Lithophiles, Siderophiles.. Lithophile = oxides, silicates
Earth & Space Science
Earth & Space Science evidence An open source text edited by MPS teachers Credits Copyright, Mesa Public Schools, 2013. Revised August 14, 2013. Unless otherwise noted, the contents of this book are licensed
Earth Structure, Materials, Systems, and Cycles
Page 1 of 19 EENS 3050 Tulane University Natural Disasters Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Earth Structure, Materials, Systems, and Cycles This page last updated on 31-Aug-2016 Objectives Since this course is
Mining Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turcja **
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria Rok 33 Zeszyt 4 2009 Savas Özün*, Ümit Atalay*, Yusuf Kagan Kadıoğlu** INVESTIGATION ON POSSIBILITY OF OPAQUE MINERALS REMOVAL FROM FOID BEARING ROCK 1. Introductıon Feldspathoids
CHAPTER 1. Rocks and Minerals. Section I. Minerals FM 5-410
CHAPTER 1 Rocks and Minerals The crust of the earth is made up of rock; rock, in turn, is composed of minerals. The geologist classifies rocks by determining their modes of formation and their mineral
Assessment Plan for Geology 101 Lab (Online)
Plan for Geology 101 Lab (Online) John Turbeville, Earth Sciences MiraCosta College Description of course: This is an optional companion laboratory course for Geology 101, which is a survey level class.
Rocks and Minerals What is right under your feet?
Rocks and Minerals What is right under your feet? Name: 1 Before you start What do you already know? What is the difference between a rock and a mineral? What are the three categories of rocks? 1. 2. 3.
BASIC GEOLOGY OVERVIEW / PLATE TECTONICS
BASIC GEOLOGY OVERVIEW / PLATE TECTONICS I. Minerals A. Mineral - naturally occurring inorganic solid, consisting of atoms combined together as chemical compounds, possessing a definable internal structure.