SME s and Safety and Health at Work
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1 Workshop on Policies in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Ankara, SME s and Safety and Health at Work Dr. J. Takala InFocus Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment, SafeWork International Labour Office
2 Global Estimates Global workforce: 2.8 billion Work related fatalities: 2.2 million Occupational accidents: 270 million Work-related diseases: 160 million Global GDP (income) billion USD Lost GDP in accidents/diseases 4 % Illiterate: 1000 million People in poverty: 1000 million Child workers: 246 million
3 Small-scale enterprises a home, a farm, a office, a factory, mine or quarry, a forestry operation, a construction operation, a garden or a fishing boat
4 Thousands of fatal tractor accidents every year
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7 Features of small-scale enterprises Lack of capital poor environmental conditions cheaper raw materials inferior equipment maintenance inadequate personal protection Non- or under-unionization inferior pay rates longer working hours non-compliance with award conditions exploitation of child labour
8 Year 2004 Hazardous Child Labour: deaths 17 million work accidents
9 Features of small-scale enterprises Inferior inspection services poor environmental conditions greater hazard level higher injury/illness rates
10 Application of enhanced and modern inspection methods Strategic enforcement National action programmes Provision of advice, materials and guidance to SMEs
11 Advantages of small-scale enterprises Family orientation Common work cultures Interdependency of employees Approachability of top management Effective use of resources
12 From ILO Encyclopaedia: a delegate from Turkey when commenting on the boot-making industry, which to a large extent was a cottage industry carried out in the home, reported that men, women and children were exposed to high concentrations of an unlabelled solvent, benzene, which resulted in the occurrence of anaemias and leukaemias
13 Difficulties faced by small businesses as: - a lack of awareness of health hazards by managers; - the higher cost per worker to reduce these hazards; and - an unstable competitive climate which makes it unlikely that such businesses can afford to implement the safety standards and regulations
14 Greater likelihood of - musculoskeletal injuries, - lacerations, burns, puncture - wounds, amputations and fractures, - poisonings from inhalation of solvents and other chemicals and, in the rural sector, - pesticide poisonings
15 1. National policies need to be formulated to improve health and safety of all workers in small-scale industries with special emphasis on education and training of managers, supervisors and workers and the means of ensuring that they receive adequate information to protect the health and safety of all workers. 2. Basic occupational health services for small-scale industries need to be integrated with the existing health systems providing primary health care.
16 3. Support from labour inspection services 4. Adequate communication systems are needed to ensure the free flow of occupational health and safety information among workers, management and occupational health/inspection services at all levels. 5. Occupational hygiene which measures, evaluates and controls environmental hazards. Appropriate occupational hygiene services and skills should be introduced into the service both centrally and peripherally.
17 New Codes and Guides
18 fatal injury 3 days or more absence from work 1-3 days absence first aid injury near accidents Source: R. Skiba, StBG, Germany
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20 ~ 37 CoP on OSH Indications of impact Requests for translations Related activities and requests for assistance
21 ILO-OSH 2001 in 21 languages 18
22 New Codes and Guides
23 Toxic: 211 substances Carcinogenic or sensitizing: 362 Corrosive: 247
24 ICSC GHS Control Banding Source: ILO/WHO/UNEP and EU: IPCS, Internat. Chemical Safety Cards,
25 PROPOSALS More information and knowledge centres Support translation of OSH information Lower cost of publications, free when feasible Develop alternatives for countries without Internet
26 In Eng-Fre-Spa-Chi-Rus-Jap-Kor
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30 Thank You! More from:
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