Exhaust Gas Scrubbers

Transcription

1 Exhaust Gas Scrubbers International Parcel Tanker Association Grange City Hotel London EC3N 2BQ 13 th March 2013 Don Gregory Director EGCSA

2 EGCSA Objectives To protect and promote the interests of the EGCS industry To transfer knowledge on the environmental, technical & commercial realities of EGCS technologies Compliance with the Code of Conduct of the EGCS Association

3 How does it work? There are two types of gas scrubbers Wet & Dry Both types intimately mix dirty & polluted exhaust gases with the scrubbing medium Scrubbers will clean equally well exhaust gases from cleaner diesel fuel as well as the more concentrated pollution in the exhaust gas from less refined heavy fuel oil Scrubbers remove the solid particles (both fine and ultra-fine PM) and condensed vapours of hydrocarbons By Capture Scrubbers remove SO 2 gas By absorbtion or adsorbtion (wet & dry respectively) and then neutralise the sulphuric acid formed Battersea Power Station an early installation of scrubbers for the coal fired power station Britain s newest wet scrubbing installation. Longannet power station in the Firth of Forth Scrubbers produce a cleaner exhaust gas than using the prescribed diesel ( clean ) fuel

4 Who benefits from EGCS? The use of scrubbers will limit the increase in demand for diesel fuel currently estimated to rise by 40million tonnes (just under the annual EU27 forecourt consumption) Use of scrubbers will limit the rise in price of diesel fuel Scrubbers will reduce fine particulate eliminating harm to humans from ship emissions Ship-owners/Charterers will continue to enjoy lower fuel costs and sourcing flexibility Use of scrubbers will prevent price distortions to the diesel fuel market The areas enclosed by the red lines denote Emission Control Areas (ECAs) which mandate diesel fuel or scrubbers from 1 st January 2015

5 Is there scope for lower emissions? Most current scrubber designs reduce emissions below levels produced by the prescribed diesel fuel (0.1%S) All current scrubber designs reduce emissions well below the 2020 global limit (0.5%S) Future scrubbers will remove carbon monoxide & the climate change agent known as Black Carbon The use of scrubbers lowers the overall specific CO 2 emission of marine diesel engines the well to wake CO 2 emission for heavy fuel oil is lower than diesel and LNG (source Concawe)

6 Current Technologies Type Principle components Considerations Consumables Consumption Construction Status Sea Water Scrubbing Unit Wash Water Treatment Unit Wash Water F&R pipes Space Weight Power capacity Sea water %S 1-3% engine power Duplex SS Standard SS GRE Piping Fully tested NaOH Scrubbing Unit Wash Water Treatment Unit Wash Water F&R pipes NaOH storage Wash Water Coolers Storage & handling NaOH Sludge storage Cost of NaOH Lower weight, smaller pipes Lower power requirements Fresh water Top-up variable 0.5 1% engine power Duplex SS Standard SS Rubber lined steel GRE Piping Fully tested Caustic Soda 3.5%S Hybrid Scrubbing Unit Wash Water Treatment Unit Wash Water F&R pipes NaOH storage Wash Water Coolers Storage & handling NaOH Sludge storage Benefits of both sea water & NaOH systems See above As above Fully tested Dry Scrubbing Unit New & Used Pellet Storage Space Storage & pellet logistics Suitable for post SCR Ca(OH) 2 3.5%S Common Components Emissions monitoring, pumps, fans, exhaust gas ducting, gas isolation valves Status The majority of systems are now fully commercialised Mild Steel Rock Wool Insulation Fully tested

7 Bulk Carrier Hybrid Cyclone Scrubber

8 RORO & ConRO >12,000hrs

9 Car Carrier Multi inlet scrubber

10 Cruise Vessel Assembly on-board

11 Layout for 25,000 dwt parcel tanker Layout for a 10MW unit serving main engine and three auxy engines Pumps 30kW Compressor 15kW Water flow 450t/hr 15m x 8m x 4m Dry weight 5t SOx emissions <10ppm SOx emission <4.3 SO 2 /CO 2 PM emissions TBC - likely to be less than diesel fuel

12 Regulatory Uncertainty Administrations, EU, Classification Messina Linea Equipment not in service due to lack of FS approvals Standardised Approval Process Classification Society ultra slow Veiled threats on use of open loop scrubbers in-port Equipment Failure IMO Procedural irregularity [MEPC 59] changed discharge requirements from in port to global Unwillingness to enable substantive debate Held back IMarEST paper Ignored EGCSA representations to the Secretariat

13 Marena Consultants Pride of Kent 2010 Impact of low ph discharge UCL Research Just completed a study on discharge ph Concluded that no discharge ph limit required Provided a mathematical model to design wash water discharge Paper to IMO informing of the work

14 Summary Lowest cost compliance option in most cases Simplicity, flexibility and choice Mitigates diesel price shock Future-proof (BC, Ultrafine Particulate, etc) Regulatory uncertainty

15 EGCSA Handbook 2012 Order thro link

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