Passive design and natural ventilation consequences for energy use and indoor air climate
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1 Passive design and natural ventilation consequences for energy use and indoor air climate rne Førland-Larsen Green Building lliance/ arhus School of Engineering 1
2 By using a passive design concept, in combination with natural ventilation, low energy consumption is achievable in a Norwegian climate and context 2
3 ID ICE model for 4 zones for a passive design building with natural ventilation. Ventilation enter the building through openable louvre in the façade. West North zone Ventilation louvres East South zone
4 The heating energy demand increases with approximately 25 % - when climate is change from Bregenz to Oslo Climate. HVC (10m 3 /h) Passiv design + Passiv design + Oslo NTVENT NTVENT Bregenz Oslo kwh/m 2 year kwh/m 2 year kwh/m 2 year Net energy demand 1 pers/ 20m2 1 pers/ 20m2 1 pers/ 20m2 Heating 2,4 2,7 11,1 Domestic hot water (fixed value) HVC aux (fans) Lighting 15,7 15,7 15,7 Electric cooling 1,9 0 0 Equipment tenant 15,6 15,6 15,6 Total
5 High temperature during summertime decreases when climate is altered from Bregenz to Oslo climate. It is possible to have equal or lower temperature levels in Oslo climate Passiv design + Passiv design + NTVENT NTVENT Bregenz Oslo
6 Indoor temperature is sensitive to number of people pr. square meter. The possible range is from min. 10 m2 / person and upwards. ctive use of internal shading (tightly woven drape), is needed to secure temperature levels and glare. Indoor Climate 1 pers/ 20m2 1 pers/ 10m2 1 pers/ 10m2 No Shading No Shading Internal shading Max operative temperature o C - East and south o C 28,3 29,8 29,3 Max operative temperature o C - West and North o C 27,8 29,7 29,2 Number of hours above 26 o C - East and South h Number of hours above 26 o C - West and North h
7 Window airing intervals have to bee accepted. It is possible to optimize and reduce length of time interval for airing 1 person pr 20 m2 1 person pr 10 m2 7
8 Government demands for workplaces. Passive design + natural ventilation will probably fulfill temperature demands to workplaces. Natural ventilation challenges maximum demands on air velocity during airing intervals. Maximum 1 person pr. 10 m 2 Temperature interval o C Maximum temperature of 26 o C is exceeded 50 hours a year ir velocity will exceed 0,2 m/s during airing intervals? Risk of draught during airing intervals?
9 Specification in leasing contracts. Passive design + natural ventilation put demands on tenants, and specification in leasing contracts. Maximum 1 person pr. 10 m 2 Temperature interval o C Maximum temperature of 26 o C is exceeded 50 hours a year. Internal loads ca. 100 W person ir velocity will exceed 0,2 m/2 during airing intervals. Risk of draught during airing intervals
10 Passive design + natural ventilation concept will probably not be able to fulfill Norwegian energy regulation. Demands for airing/venting during nighttime increase calculated energy demand. n alternative strategy with morning airing/venting will reduce demand. Net energy consumption for alternatives NS 3031 NS 3031 Nat vent Nat Vent kwh/m 2 year kwh/m 2 year Net energy demand Morning venting Heating 88,1 54,4 Domestic hot water (fixed value) 5 5 HVC aux (fans) 0 0 Lighting 15,7 15,7 Electric cooling 0 0 Equipment tenant Total
11 Ingeniørhøjskolen i Århus Oktober
12
13 Passive design + natural ventilation concept will probably not be able to fulfill Norwegian energy regulation. Demands for airing/venting during nighttime increase calculated energy demand. n alternative strategy with morning airing/venting will reduce demand. Net energy consumption for alternatives NS 3031 NS 3031 Nat vent Nat Vent kwh/m 2 year kwh/m 2 year Net energy demand Morning venting Heating 88,1 54,4 Domestic hot water (fixed value) 5 5 HVC aux (fans) 0 0 Lighting 15,7 15,7 Electric cooling 0 0 Equipment tenant Total
14 4 alternative ventilation strategies lt 1. -Reference HVC with cooling lt 2. Passive design + natural ventilation with aut. controlled windows lt 3 - Mixed mode ventilation + aut. controlled. windows lt 4 - Mixed + Manual Windows + user app
15 Mechanical ventilation (VV) HVC with cooling. Reference and alternative 1 10 m 3 /m 2 h
16 lternative 2 Passive design + natural ventilation. Natural ventilation. 20 openable windows on each level. Windows are operated automatically.
17 Heinrich Bøll Foundation Berlin 17
18 Power house
19 lternative 3 Mix mode (Hybrid ventilasjon) Low Tech ventilation 1,8 m 3 /m 2 h Mix mode Low tech ventilation. Mechanical ventilation in combination with window venting. 20 openable windows on each level. Windows are operated utomatically.
20 lternative 4 Mix mode ventilation user control + app M M M M M M M 1.8 m 3 /m 2 h M M M M Mix mode Low tech ventilation. Mechanical ventilation in combination with window venting. 20 openable windows on each level M M Windows are manually operated with supervising app or LPTOP M M Weather forecast to user? M M M M M
21 Mix mode design decreases venting intervals and frequency. 1 person pr 10 m2 1 person pr 20 m2 21
22 Investment cost relative to traditional HVC with cooling. Natural ventilation and mix mode ventilation releases investment resources. Resources may be used for alternative qualities in the building design. 10 m 3 /m 2 h 0% 30% 50% 70%
23 Control systems is needed for all solution and designs, but the complexity varies. 10 m 3 /m 2 h
24 Complexity of alternative strategies a lump number Complexity index for alternative strategies Total for entire building ctuator Measuring Control point "Total complexity" Total point DI/ I DO/ O Number of zones pr. level 4 Number of level 6 Number of windows pr zone 5 Number og window actuators pr. window Number of VV actuators pr. zone CO 2 and temperatur sensor in zone 1 24 Weather station Central HVC system with cooling Central HVC system without cooling lt 1. HVC with cooling lt 2. - Natural ventilation - aut. windows lt 3 - Mixed mode ventilation - aut. windows lt 4 - Mixed mode + Manual Windows + user app Complexity DI / DO 1 Point O / I 1 point VV Damper 2 Point Window motor controller 1 Point Hidden position (above suspende ceiling) 1 Point
25 Controller system is need for all solution, but the complexity is different 10 m 3 /m 2 h 100% 80% 75% 10%
26 Mix mode design will probably meet energy the requirement in Norwegian legislation. Reduced demands on nighttime ventilation, will probably make natural ventilation + passive design an option. But we don t now that yet. Net energy consumption for alternatives NS 3031 NS 3031 NS 3031 Nat vent Nat Vent Mix mode kwh/m 2 year kwh/m 2 year kwh/m 2 year Net energy demand Morning venting Heating 88,1 54,4 34,1 Domestic hot water (fixed value) HVC aux (fans) 0 0 4,8 Lighting 15,7 15,7 15,7 Electric cooling Equipment tenant Total
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