Comparative study on Sanitation of Swimming pools in Nagpur Region in winter season using Chlorine Gas and Trichloro Iso Cyanuric Acid

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1 nd International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications IPCBEE vol.7 ( ( IACSIT Press, Singapore Comparative study on Sanitation of Swimming pools in Nagpur Region in winter season using Chlorine Gas and Trichloro Iso Cyanuric Acid Lanjewar Prashant S,Parbat D. K. Dr,Kosankar P.T Dr Smt. Radhikatai Pandav College of Engineering, Nagpur Govt. Polytechnic, Sadar Nagpur Yashwantrao Chavhan College of Engineering, Nagpur ABSTACT: This research paper explains disinfection studies on swimming pools in Nagpur based on several experiments carried out in different swimming pools including water parks. It also suggests practical and effective methods of pool sanitation using TCCA in lieu of existing chlorine sources. Once implemented, the pool management could have savings potential up to Rs 4,/ month for ONE Lakh litre capacity pool Keywords: Swimming Pool, Sanitation Engineering, disinfection, health hazards. THE OBJECTIVES Swimming pools and water parks in Central India are on the rise. The region s farness from the sea is responsible for its dry and humid climatic conditions that remain for most part of the year. It experiences primarily three main seasons-summer, winter and monsoon with wide fluctuations in temperature. Almost throughout the summer, starting early February; the temperature remains beyond 4 degree Celsius. Water in the pool is an ever-changing environment that calls for constant and careful monitoring. Water can become aggressive and destroy pools with corrosion, or it can become scaling and damage the pool with mineral deposits. The pool operator expected to provide safe, clean water for bathers ; must learn about the use of chemical agents for sanitation and for control of ph, total alkalinity and calcium hardness (. The objective of these experiments is to carry out comparative studies on chlorinating agents Chlorine gas and TCCA 9 ; to be more specific in winter season in swimming pools and water parks in Nagpur region and recommend necessary dosage levels. Free Available Chlorine should be maintained at to ppm - preferably ppm but not less than ppm While Chlorine Gas has the advantage of being the lowest / cheapest possible source of Chlorine, it has several disadvantages including its settleability characteristics that create health hazards to the locality. The residents had been complaining about eye / skin irritations in the morning hours. Chlorine is extremely susceptible to sunlight and needs to be regularly monitored. But just as we use sunscreen to protect our skin from the sun, chlorine uses a sunscreen of Cyanuric acid (. Used this way, Cyanuric acid is also commonly called a stabilizer or conditioner. Cyanuric acid is used in outdoor pools with the inorganic chlorines such as calcium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite and chlorine gas ( for effective sanitations.. RECCOMENDED WATER SATURATION SUMMARY IN POOLS Properly balanced or saturated water to standard suggested below prevents damage to the pool and equipment. Unsaturated water corrodes plaster walls, fixtures, plumbing, etc., and causes staining. Oversaturated water deposits scale or becomes cloudy. The operator needs to test and control, ph, total alkalinity, TDS, & hardness to maintain balanced water. Free Available Chlorine should be maintained at to ppm - preferably ppm 8

2 Proper ph control (7. to 7.6 preferably 7.4 that ensures: ( the proper form of carbonate alkalinity for saturation, and ( the proper form of HOCI for sanitizer efficacy. Soda ash is used to raise ph. Acids are used to reduce ph & total alkalinity. Total Alkalinity of 9- ppm is preferred for ph buffering & calcium carbonate saturation. Sodium bicarbonate is used to raise total alkalinity. Calcium hardness of 7 to 6 ppm is preferred for proper calcium carbonate saturation and for avoiding soft-water scale found in pools. Calcium chloride is used to raise calcium hardness. TDS below ppm is recommended for pools and water parks Total Microbial load should not exceed CFU / ml of water. METHODOLOGY Sanitation destroys organisms referred to as pathogens, include bacteria, fungi, viruses, etc. and also controls algae (which are not usually harmful themselves, but may harbor pathogenic organisms. The proposed studies are carried out in various swimming pools and water parks in and around Nagpur in winter to study the effectiveness. During these studies pools traditionally being operated with Chlorine Gas are evaluated. The details of the pools under study are given in Table #. As could be seen from Table No, there are five pools coded as AB, AB, AB, AB 4 and KR 5 using Gas. Table No : Pool details Sr No Pool Description Pool Code Pool Capacity Liters Remarks Water Park Pools AB 5, Liters Chlorine Gas Operated AB, Liters Chlorine Gas Operated AB 5, Liters Chlorine Gas Operated 4 AB 4 4, Liters Chlorine Gas Operated 5 Public Swimming Pools KR 5 6, Liters Chlorine Gas Operated The water park pools under this study were shut down for maintenance in winter and were to be opened up to public from 6 th January 9 onwards. Similarly the Public swimming pool was to be offered to public from 6 th January 9 onwards. The authors took it up as an opportunity to study efficacies of chlorine gas and TCCA in these pools.. Analysis (4 : Free Available Chlorine ( has to be analyzed immediately after sampling. The numbers of samples are large; moreover the proximity of analysis center for does not make it feasible to carry samples for analysis. Hence standard method used for commercial estimation of using Ortho Toludiene reagent was used for estimation of. During the process ml pool water is taken in a test tube to which ml Ortho Toludiene solution is added. The contents are shaken and sample is compared in Chloroscope for getting Value. The climatic condition details are reproduced from the Climatological unit of India Meteorological Department, Nagpur center. Chlorinating agent is added in the evening at 7 PM and readings are taken the subsequent days at 8 AM, Noon, PM, 4 PM and 6 PM. Water park pools AB to AB 4 are initially evaluated with Gas. However the public pool KR 5 is tried pout with TCCA. The observations for Pool AB are reproduced in Table No, and KR 5 observations in Table No respectively. Table No. Monitoring of in Park Pool : AB ( GAS Operated Pool Capacity KL 5 Run No R # R # R # R # 4 R # 5 R # 6 R # 7 R # 8 R # 9 Run Date ( Year 9 Jan-9 Jan- Jan- Jan- Jan- Jan-4 Jan-5 Jan-6 Jan-7 Maximum Temp Deg C Minimum Temp Deg C Relative Humidity %

3 Wind Velocity Km/Hr 6. Rains if any / Remarks Cloudy Time of Gas addition, hrs Quantity Added Kg 5 Theoretical Cl ppm 4. Measured 8 AM Next day Measured Noon Measured PM Measured 4 PM Measured 6 PM Cloudy Table No : Monitoring of in Public Pool: KR 5 (GAS Operated Pool Capacity KL 6 Chlorinating Agent Run No Run Date ( Year 9 Maximum Temp Deg C Minimum Temp Deg C Relative Humidity % Wind Velocity Km/Hr Rains if any / Remarks Time of Gas addition, h Quantity Added Kg Theoretical Cl ppm Measured 8 AM Measured No Measured PM Measured 4 PM Measured 6 PM TCCA 9 ( 9- % Available Chlorine R # 7 Jan Cloudy R # 8 Jan R # 9 Jan R # 4 Jan R # 4 Jan-. 9. hrs 4.5 Next day on R # 4 Jan Cloudy....8 R # 4 R # 44 R # 45 Jan-5 Jan-6 Jan STABILISED CONDITION IN THE POOL As could be seen from the above tables, the Gas operated pool takes 5 to 6 days to stabilize, where as the TCCA operated pool takes to days to stabilize the requirement of minimum ppm in pool water. The observations are graphically represented in Fig # to Fig # 5 for Pools AB ( Fig No, AB ( Fig No, AB ( Fig No, AB 4 ( Fig No 4 and KR 5 ( Fig No 5 Values Measured on Day # Values Measured on Day # 7 ( Stabilized 85

4 Figure No : Measured values in Pool: AB # (GAS Operated Values Measured on Day # Values Measured on Day # 7 ( Stabilized Figure No : Measured values in Pool: AB # (GAS Operated Values Measured on Day # Values Measured on Day # 7 ( Stabilized Figure No : Measured values in Pool: AB # (GAS Operated Values Measured on Day # Values Measured on Day # 7 ( Stabilized Figure No 4 : Measured values in Pool: AB # 4 (GAS Operated Values Measured on Day # Values Measured on Day # 4 ( Stabilized Figure No 5: Measured values in Pool: KR # 5 (TCCA Operated 86

5 5. BREAK POINT CHLORINATION Prior to operation start ups, the pools were treated with the sanitization agent, the actual ppm of chlorine added to was monitored to establish the Break point chlorination as represented in Fig No 6 to 9, AB ( Fig No 6, AB ( Fig No 7, AB ( Fig No 8, and KR 5 ( Fig No 9 4 y =.4x -.445x 多项式 ( Figure No 6 : Break Point Chlorination AB : 5 KL Gas y =.6x -.x 多项式 ( Figure No 7 : Break Point Chlorination AB : KL Gas y =.85x -.4x 多项式 ( Figure No 8 : Break Point Chlorination AB : 5 KL Gas y =.74x +.79x 系列 多项式 ( 系列 Figure No 9: Break Point Chlorination KR 5: 6 KL TCCA 6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS It was observed that the pool with TCCA got stabilized in day itself, and hence all the gas operated pools were treated with TCCA and as could be seen from Tables 4 and 5, the pools got stabilized sooner. 87

6 TCCA Chlorinating agent is added in the evening at 7 PM and readings are taken the subsequent day at 8 AM, Noon, PM, 4 PM and 6 PM. The observations for Pool AB are reproduced in Table No 4, AB observations in Table No 5, Table No 4 : Monitoring in Stabilised Pools ( AB using TCCA Run No R # 46 R # 47 R # 48 R # 49 R # 5 R # 5 R # 5 Run Date ( Year 9 Feb- Feb- Feb- Feb-4 Feb-5 Feb-6 Feb-7 Maximum Temp Deg C Minimum Temp Deg C Relative Humudity % Evening 6 6 Wind Velocity Km/Hr Evening Rains if any / Remarks NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL Quantity of TCCA Added Kg.5 Theoritical Cl ppm Measured 8 AM Next day Measured Noon Measured PM Measured 4 PM Measured 6 PM Table No 5 : Monitoring in Stabilised Pools ( AB using TCCA Run No R # 5 R # 54 R # 55 R # 56 R # 57 R # 58 R # 59 Run Date ( Year 9 Feb- Feb- Feb- Feb-4 Feb-5 Feb-6 Feb-7 Maximum Temp Deg C Minimum Temp Deg C Relative Humudity % Evening 6 6 Wind Velocity Km/Hr Evening Rains if any / Remarks NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL Quantity of TCCA Added Kg.5.8 Theoritical Cl ppm Measured 8 AM Next day Measured Noon Measured PM Measured 4 PM..8. Measured 6 PM SUMMARY The following observations are concluded from the experiments Gas operated pool AB of 5 KL capacity was stabilised with Kg Chlorine Gas on the 7 th day from start up. With a theoretical Chlorine level of ppm, the observed values in early next day was around.8 ppm- making close to two third loss of the gas Similarly Gas operated pool AB of KL capacity was stabilised with Kg Chlorine Gas on the 7 th day from start up. With a theoretical Chlorine level of ppm, the observed values in early next day was around.4 ppm- making close to 75 % loss of the gas. Gas operated pool AB of 5 KL capacity was stabilised with 5 Kg Chlorine Gas on the 7 th day from start up. With a theoretical Chlorine level of ppm, the observed values in early next day was around.8 ppm- making close to 75 % loss 88

7 Similarly Gas operated pool AB 4 of 4 KL capacity was stabilised with 4 Kg Chlorine Gas on the 7 th day from start up. With a theoretical Chlorine level of ppm, the observed values in early next day was around.8 ppm- making close to 75 % loss Whereas the TCCA operated pool KR 5 of 6 KL capacity was stabilised with Kg Chlorine Gas on the nd day from start up. With a theoretical Chlorine level of ppm, the observed values in early next day was around.6 ppm- making close to % loss There is apparently lower loss of Chlorine gas on 4 th January due to cloudy atmosphere During the break point analysis it was seen that while with Gas for to 4 ppm added chlorine, the available was ppm, with TCCA it was less than ppm added chlorine top get ppm. Moreover with Gas the pool struggles to stabilise where as with TCCA it is much easier After converting the gas operated pool to TCCA, the pool management had savings potential up to Rs 4,/ month for ONE Lakh litre capacity pool 8. BIBLIOGRAPHY [] Matter Doug De La : Swimming Pool Chemistry, classroom notes of Canada University, ( [] Canelli Edmondo: Chemical, bacteriological properties of Cyanuric acid as applied to Swimming Pool disinfection: APHJ, USA Vol 64, No, February (974 [] Naraporn H, Nisakorn T Et5 al, Effect of TCCA Disinfectant in swimming pool water ; The Joint International conference on Sustainable energy and environment December, Thailand ( 4 [4] Laboratory Manual, a publication of National Environmental Research Institute Nagpur 89