Gambling behaviour and problem gambling in Norway 2008

Transcription

1 Gambling behaviour and problem gambling in Norway 2008 Anita Øren Inger Johanne Bakken, Hanne Weggeberg Department of Preventive Health Care, SINTEF Technology and Society 1

2 Commission 2007 To asses prevalence of problem and pathological gambling by age and gender Comparison with the 2002 study Commission 2008 To asses prevalence of problem and pathological gambling by age and gender after the introduction of the slot machine ban Comparison with the 2007 study 2

3 Materials and Methods 2007 & 2008 Postal surveys Stratified probability sample (age, gender, county) Age-group years 10,000 invitees 2007: Response rate 36% (N=3,483) 2008: Response rate 35% (N=3,436) 3

4 Questionnaires Demographic data Gambling behaviour (games played, frequency) Preferred games Self-reported health and psychological impairments The NODS Screen for assessment of problematic gambling Definition of problematic gambling: NODS 3+ 4

5 Results Gambling behaviour % were life-time gamblers (2007: 88%) 77% had gambled over the past year (2007: 70%) Large gender differences in frequency of gambling and preferred games 5

6 % Proportion of weekly gamblers Women Men 6

7 Games played (%) in the past year Lotto, Viking Lotto, EXTRA, Joker* Keno 6 - Scratch Cards Bingo 4 1 Bingo machines 1 0 Horse gambling 14 9 Football pools (Norsk Tipping) Odds (Norsk Tipping) 9 6 Slot machines* Internet poker 3 2 Other Internet gambling 3 2 7

8 Past-year slot machine gambling measured in 2008 Average frequency N=3,436 Less often than monthly 13% 1-3 times monthly 0.7% 1+ weekly 0.1% 8

9 Past-year problematic gambling (NODS 3+) 2007: 0.7% (95% CI: 0.5%-1.1%) 2008: 0.8% (95% CI: 0,6%-1.2%), about adult persons 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,8 0,7 0,7 % 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 SINTEF 2008 SINTEF 2007 SIRUS

10 Gross turnover Million NOK K

11 Past-year problematic gambling (NODS 3+) 2007: 0.7% (95% CI: 0.5%-1.1%) 2008: 0.8% (95% CI: 0,6%-1.2%), about adult persons 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,8 0,7 0,7 % 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 SINTEF 2008 SINTEF 2007 SIRUS

12 Problematic gambling (past-year) by gender and age % 3, , ,5 2, ,5 1, ,5 0, Women Men Women Men 12

13 Factors associated with problematic gambling Gender Age Domicile Country of birth Marital status Education level Financial situation Subjective health Gender Age Country of birth Marital status Educational level Variables entering logistic regression Variables significant in multivariate model 2008 =

14 Multivariate logistic regression 2008 Adjusted odds ratio Gender and age Female (ref) 1 Male ( ) Male ( ) Male ( ) Country of birth Norway (ref) 1 Outside Norway 4.9 ( ) Marital status Cohabitating/married (ref) 1 Single 3.2 ( ) Educational level Low (ref) 3.3 ( ) Medium-high 1 14

15 Played games, past-year (%) 2008 Non-problem gamblers (NODS 0) At-risk gamblers (NODS 1-2) Problem gamblers (NODS 3+) Lotto, Viking Lotto, EXTRA, Joker Keno Scratch Cards Bingo Bingo machines Horse gambling Football pools (Norsk Tipping) Odds (Norsk Tipping) Slot machines Internet odds Internet poker Other Internet gambling

16 Single most important game (%) 2008 Non-problem gamblers (NODS 0) At-risk gamblers (NODS 1-2) Problem gamblers (NODS 3+) Lotto, Viking Lotto, EXTRA, Joker* Keno Scratch Cards Bingo Bingo machines Horse gambling Football pools (Norsk Tipping) Odds (Norsk Tipping) Slot machines* Internet poker Other Internet gambling

17 Single most important game (%) among problem gamblers 2008 and Lotto, Viking Lotto, EXTRA, Joker* 0 4 Keno 7 - Scratch Cards 0 0 Bingo 7 12 Bingo machines Horse gambling Football pools (Norsk Tipping) Odds (Norsk Tipping) 20 Slot machines* 5 Internet poker 24 Other Internet gambling

18 Reasons to play (2008) Non-problem gamblers (NODS 0) At-risk gamblers (NODS 1-2) Problem gamblers (NODS 3+) For excitement To support a good cause Chasing For fun As a challenge For distraction from problems To win money To improve financial situation To be around other people To achieve a feeling of arousal

19 Reported mental problems (2008) Non-problem gamblers (NODS 0) Sleep disorders 22 At-risk gamblers (NODS 1-2) 45 Problem gamblers (NODS 3+) 56 Feeling of depression Suicidal ideations 6 9 Anxiety Obsession/compulsion Alcohol/substance abuse 9 None of the above

20 Daily players, persons played daily 0,9% 10% (n=3) at-risk players 23% (n=7) problem gambler 77% (n=24) NODS 0-2 Playing many different games problematic gamblers Why play non-problematic gamblers Most important game non-problematic gamblers Self reported health non-problematic gamblers 20

21 Internet addiction and Internet use, 2007 No problems Information/news 86 At-risk (3-4) 87 Addicted (5+) 63 Surfing Entertainment Blogg Communication Bank/tickets 72 Games

22 Internet addiction - computer gaming, 2007 Computer gaming Internet use Do not play <1 h 1-2 h 2-4 h >4 h No problems 33,7 56,1 3,3 1,9 1,4 At-risk 33,3 62,7 0,6 2,3 1,1 Addicted ,8 66,7 5,6 Total 37,0 57,0 3,2 1,9 1,3 22

23 Internet addiction gambling problems, 2007 More Internet gambling among people with a gambling problem. However; Among people with a YDQ score 3+ only 1,4% (3/212) were problematic gamblers (NODS 3+) 23

24 PUBLICATIONS Reports (in Norwegian, available from Anita Øren and Inger Johanne Bakken: Pengespill og pengespillproblemer i Norge 2007 SINTEF Rapport A Inger Johanne Bakken and Hanne Weggeberg: Pengespill og pengespillproblemer i Norge 2008 SINTEF Rapport A

25 PUBLICATIONS Bakken IJ, Wenzel HG, Gråwe R, Götestam KG, Øren A. Gambling behaviour and gambling problems in Norway Scand J Psychol.2009 Mar 9 (Epub ahead of print). Wenzel HG, Øren A, Bakken IJ. Gambling problems in the family a stratified probability sample study of prevalence and reported consequences. BMC Public Health, 2008 Dec 16;8:412. Bakken IJ, Wenzel HG, Götestam KG, Johansson A, Øren A. Internet addiction among Norwegian adults: A stratified probability sample study. Scand J Psychol Apr;50(2):

26 Gambling problems in the family Lie/bet questions, adjusted for CSO: Have you ever noticed that any person in your family bet for more and more money? Have you ever noticed that any person in your family lie to you about how much he/she gambled? Two positive answers: 2007: 2,0% 2008: 3,5% 26

27 Consequences of gambling in the family None of the 2 questions 1 or 2 positive questions 2 positive questions n=1 893 n=38 n=50 % % % Improved economy Poorer economy More contact with friends Less contact with friends Conflicts within the family Impaired mental health Impaired physical health Not affected

28 Reported mental problems (2008), CSO None of the 2 questions n=3317 Sleep disorders 22 2 positive questions n=50 48 Feeling of depression 22 Suicidal ideations 2 Anxiety 9 Obsession/compulsion 3 Alcohol/substance abuse 7 None of the above