Current Patterns of Designer Drug Use in the US Electronic Dance Music Community. Jill Yeakel, MS
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1 Current Patterns of Designer Drug Use in the US Electronic Dance Music Community Jill Yeakel, MS
2 Disclaimer The project was supported by Award No DN-BX-K018, awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication/program/exhibition are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of Justice.
3 Designer Drugs: Recent History : Evidence of synthetic cathinone abuse in European countries and US October 2011: US DEA emergency scheduled MDPV, Mephedrone, Methylone Signed into law June 2012 for MDPV, Mephedrone
4 Project Background Designer drugs: unregulated psychoactive constituents (phenethylamines, cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids) Increased in popularity recently, especially prevalent at electronic dance music (EDM) festivals Collect biological samples from EDM festival attendees
5 Project Objectives Analyze samples to obtain information regarding: New drugs on the market Prevalence of designer drugs Identification of novel designer drugs and metabolites Correlations and comparisons of designer drugs in blood, urine and oral fluid specimens
6 Verbal Recruitment Approached possible participants on their way to the EDM festival Recruiters provided possible volunteers with brief overview of goals and requirements Recruiting Tactics Public Health Aspect Harm Reduction Incentives Helping Science
7 Sample Collection Location Location was ~100 yards from the entrance gate
8 Sample Collection Step 1: Consent forms/survey Step 2: Oral Fluid Collection Quantisal Alere DDS2 Cartridge Step 3: Urine Step 4: Blood Disclosure: Participants were not required to donate all 4 samples, and only donated samples based on their comfort level. The gift card incentive was only given if the participant donated a blood sample.
9 Participant Attire
10 Participant Demographics Total number of participants: 145 Average age of participants: 24 Females: 60 Males: 74 Admitted to drug use in past week: 103 (71%) Total number of urine samples collected: 104
11 Urine Results Samples underwent a battery of screen and confirmation tests: Immunoassay Volatiles RapidFire-MS/MS GC/MS LC-QTOF LC-MS/MS
12 Immunoassay Kit # Positives # Confirm Positive % Positive MDMA Cocaine Oxycodone Amphetamines (6) 10.6 THC Methamphetamine 11 9 (6, 2) 8.7 Benzodiazepines PCP All negative: LSD, Opiates, 6AM, Barbiturates, K2
13 Volatiles Analyte # Positives % Positive Alcohol Acetone Alcohol + 1 Drug Alcohol + Multiple Drugs
14 RapidFire MS/MS Analyte # Positive # Confirm Positives (>10) Methylone a-pvp 5 13 Butylone/Ethylone I-NBOMe 1 0 a-ppp 6 0 JWH018-COOH 4 0 JWH073-COOH 2 0
15 GC/MS Results Result Positivity Rate (# Positives/Total # Positives) Confirmation Rate (# Screen Positives/# Confirm Positives) # GC/MS + # Confirm + % of Total
16 LC-QTOF Results Result Positivity Rate (# Positives/Total # Positives) Confirmation Rate (# Screen Positives/# Confirm Positives) # LC-QTOF + # Confirm + % of Total
17 Drug Testing Results Screen vs. Confirm Screen Confirmation 0
18 % Confirmation Rate
19 % Positive Rate
20 Drug Results Class Analyte # Positives Benzodiazepines Alprazolam/a-OH 2 Oxazepam 1 Amphetamine 7 Amines Methamphetamine 5 MDA 11 MDMA 9 Benzoylecgonine 29 Cocaine Cocaine 14 Cocaethylene 6 Tramadol 3 Methadone/EDDP 1 Opiates Oxycodone 3 Oxymorphone 2 Buprenorphine/Nor 1
21 Drug Results ctnd. Class Analyte # Positives Methylone 23 Butylone 9 Ethylone 6 Designers 4-FA 4 a-pvp 13 Dimethylone 10 5-APB 1 2-CB 1 Bupropion 1 Dextromethorphan 6 Cyclobenzaprine 1 Fluoxetine 3 Other Compounds Methylphenidate 1 DMAA 1 Psilocin 1 Dehydronorketamine/Nor 2 Azacyclonal 1
22 Result Dispersion % Negative 7.7 Alcohol Only Single Drug Positive 1 Drug + Alcohol Multiple Drug Positive Multiple Drugs + Alcohol
23 Drug Popularity Most commonly encountered compounds: THC (51.0%) Alcohol (27.9%) Cocaine (23.1%) Methylone (22.1%) Most common combinations: Cocaine/THC (18.3%) Methylone/THC (14.4%) Methylone/Cocaine (13.5%) Methylone/MDMA (5.8%)
24 Admissions vs. Results Most commonly admitted to compounds: THC (40.0%) Actual positives = 51% Alcohol (18.0%) Actual positives = 27.9% Cocaine (12.4%) Actual positives = 23.1% Ecstasy/MDMA (12.4%) Actual positives = 12.5% Molly (10.3%) Actual positives = 22.1% (Methylone) Note: All admissions were for recreational drugs or medications ingested over the past week
25 Thank You Thank you to everyone involved in the grant for you participation and help Melissa Friscia, Mandi Mohr, Dr. Barry Logan,
26 Thank You Thank you to everyone at AFMES for helping with all the aliquoting, extractions, data analysis, etc. Aliquoting Alex Layne, Lauryne Gauthier Volatiles HM2 Huseman, Amber Dickson Immunoassay/GC/MS Base Screen Garland Hayward LC-QTOF Screen John Kristofic Quants Joseph Addison, Sarah Shoemaker, Jessica Knittel, Jeff Chmiel RapidFire Dr. Arianne Motter, Jillian Neifeld Synthetic Cannabinoids Dona Rae Boucek, Lauryne Gauthier Project Coordination CDR Bosy, Joseph Magluilo, Shawn Vorce, Justin Holler
27 Questions?
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