The DRE DUI & DRUGS. Captain George Crum Fullerton Police Department

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1 The DRE DUI & DRUGS Captain George Crum Fullerton Police Department

2 What is a DRE? Drug Recognition Expert Experienced officer Selected by their department Special training in detecting drug influence/impairment Able to determine what drug categories a person is under the influence of through the DRE evaluation process.

3 History ,000 certified DRE; 37 states; 1500 DRE instructors ; certified by IACP Canada, Australia, Sweden, Norway & England Now 80hrs of classroom supervised evaluations Confirmation with Toxicology 100 question final knowledge exam Recertification: every two years

4 The 7 Drug Categories Depressants Inhalants Dissocative Anesthetics [PCP] Cannabis Stimulants Hallucinogens Narcotic Analgesics

5 Depressants This category includes alcohol Barbiturates Chloral Hydrate [ "knockout drops" or "Mickey Finn ] GHB Methaqualone Lithium Phenobarbital They produce horizontal gaze nystagmus Do not generally affect pupil size, and typically depress the vital signs. The appearance of a drunk without the odor of alcohol

6 Inhalants Volatile Solvents: such as paint thinner, gasoline, toluene, turpentine, and paint Aerosols: Glade air freshener, Pam, hairspray, caned air Anesthetic Gases: Nitrous oxide [NOS] ("laughing gas"), Freon, ether

7 Dissociative Anesthetic PCP [phenylcyclohexyl piperidine] Ketamine DXM Dextromethorphan

8 Cannabis THC (Delta 9 Tetrahydrocannabinol) Marijuana Hash Hash oil Synthetic THC: Marinol [dronabinol] Approved for two uses MARINOL treats nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy in patients who have failed to respond adequately to conventional treatments. MARINOL also treats appetite loss associated with weight loss in people who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),

9 Stimulants Cocaine Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ephedrine Ritalin

10 Hallucinogens LSD Psilocybin Mescaline / Peyote Bufotenine Morning Glory seeds Jimson Weed Nutmeg "Ecstasy MDMA psychedelic amphetamine [methylenedioxy methamphetamine] Salvia Divinorum

11 Narcotic Analgesics [opiates] Heroin Morphine Codeine Percodan [oxycodone + aspirin] Oxycondone Vicodin [hydrocodone] Demerol [meperidine] Methadone Fentanyl

12 What is a DRE Evaluation? Standardized and Systematic method 12 step evaluation 1. PASD BAC 2. Interview of Arresting Officer 3. Preliminary Examination 4. Eye Exam- HGN, VGN, LOC, Size 5. Divided Attention Tests [SFSTs] 6. Vital Signs Exam B/P, Temp, Pulse 7. Darkroom Exam Room, Darkness, Direct, Nasal, Oral 8. Muscle tone 9. Exam Injection Sites Evid of ingestion 10. Statements Interrogation 11. Opinion of DRE 12. Toxicology

13 Drug Symptom Matrix CNS DEPRESSANT INHALANTS DISSOCATIVE ANESTHETIC CANNABIS CNS STIMULANTS HALLUCINOGENS NARCOTIC ANALGESICS HGN PRESENT PRESENT PRESENT NONE NONE NONE NONE VERTICAL NYSTAGMUS PRESENT * (HIGH DOSE) PRESENT * (HIGH DOSE) PRESENT NONE NONE NONE NONE LACK OF CONVERGENCE PRESENT PRESENT PRESENT PRESENT NONE NONE NONE PUPIL SIZE NORMAL (1) NORMAL (4) NORMAL DILATED (6) DILATED DILATED CONSTRICTED REACTION TO LIGHT SLOW SLOW NORMAL NORMAL SLOW NORMAL (3) LITTLE TO NONE VISABLE PULSE RATE DOWN (2) UP UP UP UP UP DOWN BLOOD PRESSURE DOWN UP/DOWN (5) UP UP UP UP DOWN BODY TEMPERATURE NORMAL UP/DOWN/ NORMAL UP NORMAL UP UP DOWN 1. Soma and Quaaludes usually dilated pupils 2. Quaaludes and ETOH may elevate 3. Certain psychedelic amphetamines may cause slowing 4. Normal but may be dilated 5. Down with anesthetic gases, up with volatile solvents and aerosols 6. Pupil size possible normal * High Dose for that particular individual

14 Orange County DRE Growth DRE Officers 2014-Over 300 DRE Officers DRE Instructors DRE Instructors

15 Fullerton PD DRE Program 30 DRE Officers 10 DRE Instructors

16 Saliva Preliminary Results 15 - Tested 10 - Positive for Amphetamine/Meth 3 - Positive for Meth/Opiates 1 - Meth/THC 1 - THC

17 Oral Fluid Admonition The Fullerton Police Department is participating in an oral fluid drug testing research project. You are being asked to voluntarily submit to two oral fluid swabs to detect the presence of drugs in your saliva. The results of these saliva samples will not be used against you in any criminal or administrative hearings. If the suspect has refused to submit to an implied consent chemical test read the following admonition: Providing a saliva sample does not satisfy your legal requirement to provide a blood sample to determine the drug content of your blood. Even if you submit to a saliva test, you are still required by state law to submit to a blood test.

18 QUESTIONS? Captain George Crum Fullerton Police Department Phone:

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