What should I eat? A guide to healthy eating.

Transcription

1 What should I eat? A guide to healthy eating At Novo Nordisk, we are changing diabetes. In our approach to developing treatments, in our commitment to operate profitably and ethically and in our search for a cure.

2 This information is not designed to replace the advice of your doctor or nurse. You and your parents should talk to your doctor or nurse if you have any questions about your diabetes. With you all the way is a support programme created by Novo Nordisk especially for kids with diabetes. This material has been reviewed by a panel of experts: Lead Diabetes Specialist Nurse Nicola Lewis, UK Paediatric Endocrinologists Prof Thomas Danne, Germany and Dr Nandu Thalange, UK 1

3 Healthy eating A balanced diet Sweets It is important to try and maintain a healthy balanced diet, along with regular exercise and taking insulin. 1 You should have three balanced main meals with snacks in between if you need them. 1 Dairy Meat & fish Different types of food No single food group provides you with all the energy and nutrients you need. You should aim to have a healthy balance of different food groups as shown in this. food pyramid. 2 Vegetables Fruit Starches 2

4 What are carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are a type of food that give your body the energy you need to grow and develop. 3 Carbohydrates are broken down into sugars when the energy is not used up, so they sustain your blood sugar levels. 3 Carbohydrates are found in a variety of different foods, both sweet and savoury. 4 Carbohydrates and insulin Carbohydrates are turned into sugars by your digestive system and then absorbed into your bloodstream. Insulin s main job is to regulate your blood sugar level. So it s really important that you know about the different kinds of carbohydrates and how they affect your blood sugar levels to help you stay in control of your diabetes. 23

5 Different types of carbohydrates There are three main types of carbohydrates: 2 1) Sugar (simple carbohydrates) 2) Starch (complex carbohydrates) 3) Fibre (complex carbohydrates) 34

6 Sugar (simple carbohydrates) Sugars are short-acting carbohydrates that will increase your blood sugar levels quickly.3 Food and drink containing sugar are used when you have low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) to increase your blood sugar quickly.5 Starch and fibre (complex carbohydrates) Starch and fibre are long-acting carbohydrates which increase your blood sugar levels slowly over time. Foods containing starch and fibre are good for when you are planning activities that will last a long time (such as a long walk or a football match) to help prevent low blood sugar. 5

7 What foods contain carbohydrates? Here are some common foods that are high in carbohydrates: Sugar (simple carbohydrates) Starch (complex carbohydrates) Fibre (complex carbohydrates) Fruits and juices Potatoes Fruits and vegetables Cakes Bread Whole grain bread Cookies Pasta Whole grain/oat cereals Some cereals Rice Lentils and beans Peas Nuts Corn Lentils and beans Food labels often show how much carbohydrate is in food. However, this will vary from country to country. 6

8 A guide to carbohydrate counting Some people will be taught to carbohydrate count. Carbohydrate counting helps you to keep the balance between food intake, insulin and physical activity. 1 Food Increases blood sugar Insulin Physical activity Decrease blood sugar 7

9 Keeping a record It may help to keep a record of what you eat and your insulin doses in the diary provided in this pack. This will help you learn how different foods and activities affect your blood sugar levels. Changing insulin dose to match carbohydrate intake With this way, you can eat different amounts of carbohydrate and will need to change the insulin dose to match. 4 This gives you greater flexibility with what you eat and makes it is easier when you eat out or eat at someone else s house. Your doctor, nurse or dietitian will advise you and your parents how to work out how much carbohydrate you need to match your meal or snack. Having the same carbohydrate and insulin dose each day With this way, you need to try and eat the same amount of carbohydrate to match your insulin doses. 4 Your doctor, nurse or dietitian will advise how much carbohydrate you need each day and what insulin doses you should take. 8

10 Healthy snacks Snacks can help to give you energy and help balance your blood sugar levels. 4 M S mmol/l 9

11 Here are some examples of healthy snacks: 6 Fruit and vegetables Starch Dairy Apple Popcorn Yoghurt or dessert Banana Breadsticks Cheese Unsweetened fruit juice Baked chips/crisps Smoothie Tomato or vegetable juice Rice crackers Milk Carrot sticks Low fat crackers Fruit smoothies Celery sticks Bagels or low fat rolls Cherry tomatoes Pretzels Cucumber slices Grapes Melon pieces Dried fruit (e.g. raisins) As directed by your dietitian 10

12 School lunches Whether you have a packed lunch or a cooked school dinner, you should try to eat a healthy balanced meal. If you need help choosing your meals or working out your insulin doses, a teacher should be able to help you. If you have a packed lunch your parents may work out how much insulin you need for the food you have in your lunch box or bag. If you can t manage it all take home what you don t eat so your parents know what you have eaten. 4 If you have a cooked school dinner, your parents may request menus in advance. 11

13 Parties and sleepovers Having diabetes doesn t mean you can t go to parties and enjoy yourself. You will still be able to have some cake and sweets, as long as you don t overdo it. 7 If you are playing games and running around at the party it may help burn off some of the energy too! 8 It s OK to treat yourself occasionally you will soon learn how to manage your blood sugar levels. You should always test your blood sugar levels after the party, at bedtime and when you wake up the next morning. You may need to adjust your insulin dose to help keep the balance. 8 Make sure you tell an adult if you feel unwell at the party. Insulin Food Increases blood sugar Physical activity Decrease blood sugar 12

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15 References 1. Smart C et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2009 Compendium: Nutritional management in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2009; 10(Suppl. 12): American Diabetes Association. Food and Fitness: What can I eat? Available at: food-and-fitness/food/what-can-i-eat/ Accessed October NIH Medline Plus library. Carbohydrates. Available at: article/ htm Accessed October International Diabetes Foundation. A parent/ caregiver guide: Carbohydrate counting for children with diabetes. Available at: sites/default/files/attachments/hi Carbohydrate-Counting-for-Children.pdf Accessed October Robertson K et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2009 Compendium: Exercise in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2009; 10(Suppl. 12): Diabetic Lifestyle. Healthy snacks for kids with diabetes. Available at: eating-well/healthy-snacks-kids-diabetes Accessed October Diabetes UK website. Children and diabetes. Available at: org.uk/information-for-parents/ Accessed October Diabetes UK website. My life. Available at: My-life/Kids/ Accessed October Novo Nordisk website. Available at: Accessed October

16 About Novo Nordisk This information was developed by Novo Nordisk, a global healthcare company specialising in the care of people with diabetes. Novo Nordisk was started up almost 90 years ago by a Danish couple with a passion for changing diabetes. August Krogh was a professor at the University of Copenhagen and Nobel Prize winner and his wife Marie, a doctor and researcher into metabolic diseases, suffered from type 2 diabetes. They learned of insulin being developed in Canada and were determined to ensure access to insulin for everyone with diabetes, hence in 1923 Novo Nordisk was born. Since then Novo Nordisk has grown to become a world leader in the provision of diabetes products and support for patients of all ages. 9 We fully understand the challenges that children with diabetes face and are working together with parents, schools and healthcare professionals to improve the care of children with diabetes, as they grow up and develop. For more information about Novo Nordisk, please visit: This information is not designed to replace the advice of your doctor or nurse. You and your parents should talk to your doctor or nurse if you have any questions about your diabetes. APROM ID#4605; approval date: December Changing Diabetes and the Apis bull logo are registered trademarks of Novo Nordisk A/S. Novo Nordisk A/S Novo Alle 2880 Bagsværd Denmark