West Coast LNG Workshop Overview of LNG as a marine fuel

Transcription

1 West Coast LNG Workshop Overview of LNG as a marine fuel 26 June 2012 Tony Vollmers Lead Mechanical Engineer STX Canada Marine 28 June 2012 Page 1

2 Agenda STX Marine LNG Projects Benefits of LNG as a ship fuel Canadian Fleet of Vessels Classification Societies and Gas Rules Marine Gas Engines 28 June 2012 Page 2

3 Some STX LNG Projects Gaz de France Energy World s First Diesel Electric LNG Carrier Dual Fuel STX France SA Delivered x Fjord 1 World s First LNG powered Ferries Pure Gas / Diesel Electric STX OSV Langsten Delivered x LNG Fuelled Ferries for Oslo Norway STX France SA Delivered Passenger Cruise Ferry, Baltic Sea Dual Fuel Diesel Electric STX Finland Turku Delivery June 2012 Page 3

4 Some STX Canada LNG Projects 4 x Dual Fuel Off-Shore Supply Vessels Harvey Gulf International Marine Construction at Trinity Yachts Gulfport MS Delivery: November 2013 Double-ended Dual Fuel Ferry Canadian Operator 28 June 2012 Page 4

5 Costs and Benefits of LNG as a Ship Fuel Regulatory Emission Drivers Reduction in allowable SO x emissions. 3.5% sulfur content worldwide 1% in the ECA Tier II IMO requirements require a 20% reduction in NO x emissions compared to Tier I. Tier III in 2016 will further reduce NO x by 80%. Using LNG as a fuel Low Exhaust Emissions Reduces SO x emissions by 90 to 95%. Lower CO 2 emissions by 20 to 25%. Lower NO x emissions by 80 to 85%. Using MDO as a fuel Meets IMO Tier II but needs SCR for ECA transit 28 June 2012 Page 5

6 Costs and Benefits of LNG as a Ship Fuel Cont d Cost Drivers SO x scrubbers and NO x SCRs are available to meet emissions however: Take up valuable space Maintenance risks Pollutions moved from the air to the sea with SO x scrubbers? Future tightening of regulations (EPA Tier III/IV and IMO sulfur content restrictions) could further complicate availability and affordability of scrubbers and SCRs. Tax incentives Norway: 15 NOK/kg NO x Tax Sweden: Reduced port fees for low emitters Canada:? With upcoming sulfur controls, distillate costs are expected to rise considerably and residual fuels are forecasted to fall short of future sulfur limits 28 June 2012 Page 6

7 Costs and Benefits of LNG as a Ship Fuel Cont d HFO Production Worldwide HFO production reduction 1965 HFO 31% of all oil products 2005 HFO 13% of all oil products World Liquid Fuel Consumption Drop of HFO share due to: Technological progress (improved refining) World wide land based emission controls Forecasted reduction in marine demand Currently drop in production compensated by decreasing demand on land for marine use Marine HFO demand exceeding supply is expected ( ?) Price of HFO will rise close to next available fuel Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007 IEA World Energy Outlook 2007 BP forecast for residual fuel 2006 MAN Diesel calculations for 2nd generation and bio fuels 28 June 2012 Page 7

8 Costs and Benefits of LNG as a Ship Fuel Cont d HFO Production Potential solution to meet marine regulations is to use low sulfur HFO Based on low sulfur crude oil (availability decreasing) Can be achieved by blending low sulfur residual with distillate fuel No residue de-sulfurization technology Amount of LS-HFO is limited and demand of marine HFO > LS-HFO production Approximate global demand: 0.2 Mt/day distillates (MDO) 0.8 Mt/day residual (HFO) LS-HFO Production: 0.41 Mt/day If world wide demand for HFO is decreasing, will oil companies meet demand for marine LS-HFO? Probably not. 28 June 2012 Page 8

9 ACTIVE CANADIAN REGISTERED SHIPS 15 GROSS TONNAGE Greater than 1000hp (776kW) total installed power Northern Fishing:2 Government: 6 Pacific Cargo:3 Fishing:5 Government: 9 Offshore: 2 Passenger: 62 Special Purpose: 5 Tug: 110 Total: June 2012 Page 9 Ontario Cargo:51 Offshore: 1 Passenger: 17 Special Purpose: 24 Tanker: 5 Tug: 29 Total: 127 Quebec Cargo:27 Government: 12 Passenger: 24 Special Purpose: 8 Tanker: 7 Tug: 32 Total: 110 Atlantic Cargo:10 Fishing:45 Government: 17 Offshore: 22 Passenger: 21 Special Purpose: 6 Tanker: 17 Tug: 43 Total: 181

10 STATS - ACTIVE CANADIAN REGISTERED SHIPS Greater than 1000hp (776kW) total installed power Ship Type Atlantic Quebec Ontario Northern Pacific Mean Power [kw] Mean Ship Length [m] Mean Ship Breadth [m] Mean Ship Depth [m] Mean Gross Tonnage [tons] Cargo , ,553 Fishing , ,211 Government , ,872 Offshore , ,088 Passenger , ,380 Special Purpose , Tanker , ,061 Tug , Special Purpose includes: Patrol (RCMP), Pilot, Research, Hydrographic, and Dredge Government includes: Lifeboat/SAR, Fishing Protection, Buoy Tenders, Icebreakers 28 June 2012 Page 10

11 Vessel Suitability for LNG as Fuel The LNG Tradeoff Technically it is possible to run any ship on LNG for very long distances, you only need to build large enough tanks. The LNG Tradeoff Sacrifice cargo space when mounted internally Sacrifice sight lines and deck area when mounted externally Deadweight sacrifice During any concept study for a vessel, the tank capacity will have to be evaluated with respect to the vessel s dimensions and mission Go/No Go decision 28 June 2012 Page 11

12 Types of Vessels for LNG propulsion Ferries PSV, OSV Cruise Government Tankers, Cargo Naval Tugs? Fishing? 28 June 2012 Page 12

13 Classification Society Regulations Classification Societies DNV Gas fuelled engine installations Issued January 2001 Lloyd s Register Classification of Natural Gas Fuelled Ships Issued July 2012 (final non-provisional) ABS Guide for Propulsion and Auxiliary Systems for Gas Fueled Ships Issued May 2011 RINA Gas Fueled Ships Issued June 2011 Others 28 June 2012 Page 13

14 Design Considerations Gas Fuel Arrangement Safety Concepts ESD versus Inherently Safe Emergency Shut Down Mainly for smaller low pressure gas engines where complete jacketing (double wall) would be difficult to arrange on the engine Any space containing gas fuelled machinery or piping must be treated as if gas could be present (failure or accident). Forces all equipment to be intrinsically safe and gas machinery redundant. Inherently Safe The gas system is completely contained within containment system (two barrier concept as known from IGC Code). Gas supply system is contained within a ventilated double walled containment system from LNG tank to the engine cylinders. Double pipe/duct is pressurized with inert gas or ventilated with gas detection Space surrounding the gas system is considered non-harzardous. 28 June 2012 Page 14

15 Design Considerations Gas Fuel Arrangement Cont d ESD Design Implications Single walled gas piping Engines Compartmentalized Redundant Tanks Compartmentalized 28 June 2012 Page 15

16 Design Considerations Gas Fuel Arrangement Cont d Inherently Safe Design Implications Double walled gas piping Space Surrounding Engines Non-hazardous Space Surrounding Tanks Non-hazardous 28 June 2012 Page 16

17 Design Considerations - Gas Fuel Arrangement 28 June 2012 Page 17

18 Rules Bunkering Arrangement and Piping 28 June 2012 Page 18

19 Rules Hazardous and Safe Areas Hazardous Zones (Zone 0, 1, 2) Rules define which areas and spaces are hazardous Requirements are set to the electrical equipment to be used in the difference hazardous zones Gas hazardous zone 0: Inside gas tanks and gas pipes Zone 1: All confined spaces containing gas sources, like double ducts with gas pipes and the tank room/cold box. 3 meters from gas outlets in open air. 1,5 meters from ventilation outlets/openings from zone 1 spaces. Zone 2: 1.5 meter around the open deck zone 1 above Non-hazardous 28 June 2012 Page 19

20 Design Considerations 28 June 2012 Page 20

21 Design Considerations Gas Fuel Arrangement Cont d LNG Tank Vacuum insulated Double skinned Type-C Stainless steel inner tank Integral cold box/tank room Contains master gas valve Contains vaporizer (heat exchanger) Images courtesy of Offshore Magazine Online 28 June 2012 Page 21

22 Gas Fuel Arrangement GVU and piping Gas Valve Unit Manual valves, purging, actuated supply valves, ventilation valves, and gauges and flow meter Piping Leakage Detection and leakage prevention Ventilated by neg. pressure in GVU rooms 28 June 2012 Page 22

23 Gas Fuel Arrangement Ventilation system requirements Redundant supply fans with isolation Circulation fans in the engine rooms Suction fans in the GVU spaces Strict gas safe distance requirements Exhaust system requirements Explosion relief valves on the exhaust piping Exhaust gas ventilation system (fans to blow exhaust clear before startup and after low power/idle period Nitrogen purge system Inert gas purge Following bunkering For tank inspection and maintenance Vent Mast (the lightening rod) 10m away from any source of ignitions 28 June 2012 Page 23

24 Marine Gas Engines - Manufacturers Dual Fuel Engines Wartsila Dual Fuel Engines 50DF 34DF 20DF MAK Dual Fuel Engines M46DF MAN Dual Fuel Engines 51-60DF Pure Gas Engines Rolls Royce Bergen B32:40 & B35:40 C25:33 Mitsubishi GS6A GS12A GS16R 28 June 2012 Page 24

25 Gas Fuel Arrangement Bergen Lean Burn Gas Spark Ignition spark plug rich air/gas mixture lean air/gas mixture 28 June 2012 Page 25

26 Gas Fuel Arrangement Wartsila Dual Fuel Engine Fuel Injection 28 June 2012 Page 26

27 Thank you for your attention. 28 June 2012 Page 27