COMPLIANT EUROPEAN STANDARD WITH THE NEW EN Heating / Air Conditioning Duck Strip Radiant Panel. Cert. n 0545/5

Transcription

1 Cert. n 0545/5 COMPLIANT WITH THE NEW EUROPEAN STANDARD EN Heating / Air Conditioning Duck Strip Radiant Panel

2 CONTENTS Introduction 3 Water flow 30 Main advantages 4 Pressure drop 32 Installation examples (AEROSPATIALE TOULOUSE - Suspension 36 NEW AIRBUS A380 PRODUCTION PLANT) 12 Duck Skirt anti-convective side skirts 39 General construction of a panel 16 Upper covers for gyms 39 Technical specifications 17 Finish and operating pressure 40 Models and dimensions 18 Ordering procedure 40 Headers and connections 20 Assembly and installation procedure 41 Modularity 21 Assembly of the Duck Skirt side Thermal emission of the panels 22 anti-convective skirts 43 Thermal emission of the headers 23 Accessories 44 Characteristics of the insulation 25 General recommendations for installation 45 Correct spacing between the radiant panels 26 Installation and supply diagrams 46 Average surface temperature 26 Air-conditioning systems Examples of installation 27 with Duck Strip radiant panels 48 Height of installation 29 Benefits of the Duck Strip cooling panels 49 Version for pressfittings 30 Thermal emission in cooling mode 53

3 Introduction Sabiana is the leading European manufactuer in the design, production and sale of radiant panels operating on hot water, high temperature hot water and steam. Since 1971, over installations have been made in all types of environments (small, medium and large industry, shopping centres, aircraft hangars, sporting and recreation facilities, zootechnical facilities), demonstrating the soundness of the product and in new and highly innovative applications, such as the increasingly widespread air-conditioning of production areas that guarantees maximum comfort and consistent productivity all year round, even in the hotter summer months. Heating by radiation means absolute silence, no forced movement of the air, uniform temperatures throughout the environment, and no risk of fire. It means energy savings, as people, the walls and the floor are heated directly, while the air is only heated indirectly, with consequent minimum stratification of the heat. It means constant operation over time and no routine maintenance on the product, with the peace of mind that, year after year, at the start of each season, this product will continue to provide incomparable comfort. 3

4 Main advantages Energy savings Hot air, being lighter, tends to rise. The systems that heat the air directly (for example, gas fired unit heaters, air handling units) aid this phenomenon, and consequently the air temperature will be significantly higher near the ceiling. The difference is more significant the higher the temperature of the air produced by the heater and the higher and less insulated the building. Using radiant panels, on the other hand, this phenomenon is practically non-existent or in any case extremely diminished. The European standard EN (Method for calculating heat losses from a building), appendix B1, envisages for buildings up to 10m in height a total heat loss increase coefficient of 1 if the heating system used is prevalently radiant, or a value greater than 1 if the system is prevalently convective. The human body is sensitive to both the temperature of the air and the temperature of the surrounding walls. In rooms heated using radiant panels, as the temperature of the walls and the floor are higher than that of rooms heated using direct air heating systems, a comfort temperature can be achieved with significantly lower air temperatures, meaning considerable further energy savings, especially in well-insulated rooms, with differences of down to 3 C. Every centigrade less in the air temperature means an energy saving of about 5%. Appendix B2 of the above-mentioned European standard envisages the calculation of building heat losses due to the infiltration of outside air, in the case of rooms heated with radiant systems, using not the operating temperature (arithmetic mean between the air temperature and the mean radiant temperature) but rather the air temperature alone. A lower air temperature therefore means less heat loss from the building due to the infiltration of outside air. Heating by radiant panels does not require the use and consumption of electrical energy to supply the fans that are used on the other hot air heating systems. The heat losses of buildings heated with radiant panels is therefore, based on the EN standard, much lower than it would be if the same building was heated using direct air heating systems. A lower heat losses mean less energy consumption for the same conditions of comfort. 0 C Outside temperature Difference 35 C Difference 17 C 35 C 17 C Difference = 17 C Différence Difference = 2 C 18 C HEAT LOSS -30% 4 15 C

5 Main advantages Absolute silence and no movement of the air Choosing a heating system with radiant panels means creating a working environment with the maximum thermal comfort and absolute silence, without annoying streams of moving air. As there are no rotating mechanical parts, the level of comfort is the same for all the operators in the working area, without the risk of having unfavourable working positions. In some working areas (for example, wood-working facilities), the fact that there is no forced movement of the air greatly reduces the concentration of dust or particles in the air, this significantly improving the quality of the indoor air. No risk of fire The fact that there are no motors or electrical components, and that the energy fluid used is water, means there is no risk of explosion or fire. As well as the obvious advantages in terms of safety and peace of mind, there are also other economic benefits relating to insurance premiums, especially in certain production or storage areas. 5

6 Main advantages Precise control of the temperature throughout the room The system can be designed either to heat the warehouse uniformly or to different temperatures, depending on the type of processing performed or the function of the area. In the case of industrial buildings, areas in which there is considerable physical activity these can be heated to a lower room temperature than departments in which the operators assemble components in static position. The temperature of the warehouse may also be different. In commercial areas, the temperature can be set according to individual needs (higher temperatures near the checkouts, much lower near refrigerated showcases, intermediate values in the aisles visited by customers in winter clothing). Simple design rules can also be applied to ensure the same temperature throughout the room, avoiding cold or hot zones that are highly annoying to operators who are continuously moving. More complex design rules can be applied to heat just a part of the room, thus limiting the energy consumption to those zones where the personnel effectively operates. In locations with high daily temperature fluctuations, the room temperature control allows the desired temperature to be maintained without continuous and often ineffectual reliance on the outside air conditions, as the radiant panels feature lower thermal inertia than other radiant systems, such as for example floor heating panels. 6

7 Main advantages Life of the system and reduced maintenance The radiant panels have a very long working life, with extremely low maintenance costs of the system, limited mainly to the boiler and the circulating pump. The minimal maintenance costs, together with consistent energy savings, have meant that this solution has been chosen by some of the largest companies in the world, names that have always considered each expense as an investment. Higher economic value of the building Heating systems with radiant panels guarantee maximum flexibility in the use of the building, allowing the addition of functions or processes not envisaged during the building design: the space occupied by the panels is extremely limited and the production layout can be changed without limits in accordance to the production systems installed on the ground. Buildings with a heating system featuring long life, low maintenance costs, limited energy consumption and high comfort have a greater market value. The EC directive 2002/91 issued by the European parliament on 16/12/2002 on the subject of energy efficiency in buildings, envisages that as of 2006, new buildings must have a minimum energy efficiency: this efficiency is naturally affected by the type of heating system adopted. The directive represents the basis for estimating the value of the building in terms of energy consumption. 7

8 Main advantages Ease of installation and assembly The Sabiana Duck Strip radiant panels are produced in 8 different models. Each model features elements measuring 4 and 6 metres in length (3 and 5 metres upon request). Each element can be easily connected to the next by press-fittings or pipe welding (in the latter case belled endpipes are supplied to ease the welding). The first and last elements are fitted to a header that is welded and tested in the factory using advanced automated processes. The brackets used for hanging are welded to the panels one metre apart, ensuring maximum installation flexibility. Consequently, installations can be developed using radiant panels to any whole-metre length and with different solutions for the internal circuit, so as to optimise the pressure drop, the uniformity of the room temperature and minimise the length of the water distribution pipes. Four models have a width in multiples of 600 mm, for perfect installation in false ceilings. 8

9 Main advantages Beautiful design and perfect finish The Sabiana Duck Strip radiant panels feature a flat bottom, ideal for installation in environments with lower ceilings. In addition, the wide range of colours available allows the use of solutions that are in perfect harmony with the architectural design of the building. The painting process, using an epoxypolyester resin powder coat, dried in a furnace at 180 C, this ensures high resistance over time, in compliance with the international standard ISO 2409, certified by tests performed at the Milan Polytechnic University. 9

10 Main advantages High radiant heating capacity The innovative system for the placement of the pipes in the profiles of the radiant panels, a Sabiana patent, ensures extended contact between the primary surface (pipes) and the secondary surface (panel). Part of the surface of the pipes is in view, while the remaining part (an angle of over 280 degrees) is completely embraced by the panel. The diameter and the pitch of the pipes have been designed to achieve a high and uniform mean temperature of the radiant panel. The area of the side surfaces containing the insulation has been reduced, this maximises the performance by concentrating the radiant heat downwards rather than sideways. This solution is particularly important in the narrower models, in which the heat exchanged by convection has a greater effect. To limit the heat exchanged by convection, the air must not cross the panel at any point. The harmonised European standard EN for these products prohibits the construction of panels that can be crossed by air. 10

11 Main advantages Heating emission certified by the leading European laboratories The heating emission values declared in the literature have been certified by the leading European radiant panel certification laboratory, the University of Stuttgart in Germany. The values have been obtained by applying the harmonised European standard EN 14037, approved in In Europe there are currently only four laboratories authorised to perform the tests and issue the certificates of conformity to the standard. As the standard makes explicit reference to the EEC directive 89/106 relating to building products, the CE mark on the product is compulsory by law and the product can only be sold if certified by one of the four authorised European laboratories. Software to aid the design For specifiers and engineers, Sabiana has developed detailed software for the sizing of radiant panel systems that is capable of rapidly simulating different solutions. The software is compatible with the more widespread CAD and word processing programs, and provides an indication of the costs of the components required. 11

12 The biggest passenger plane of the world, the European most advanced technological product is assembled in Toulouse (France) in a new plant. To heat the giant s nest, the Europe s largest building project, the engineering department made a decision to use hot water radiant heating, the only system that can operate and provide comfort in a building of 165,000 m 2 with a height of 47 m. Between the European manufacturers, the engineers opted for SABIANA technology - the leader manufacturer in Europe - deciding to install 18,000 m 2 of DS hot water Radiant Panels, which will provide heat whilst operating in absolute silence, without any air movement or fire risk and providing a constant temperature throughout the building. Radiant heating is energy efficient as it is designed to heat people, walls and surfaces directly and only indirectly heats the air with the advantage of virtually no stratification. The ceiling mounted system allows optimal utilisation of the building whilst freeing up valuable wall and floor space. Heating with DS SABIANA hot water Radiant Panels provide a maintenance free system ensuring overall low system running costs. Height - 47m; length m; surface - 25 football pitches; weight - 32,000 tonnes of metal structure or 4 Eiffel Towers; cost million Euro. The assembly site of the Airbus A380 is the largest building project in Europe at the start of the 21 st century. This project is one of the most spectacular industrial buildings in its field. It took a mere three years to design, develop and build this plant where the A380, the largest commercial plane ever built in the world - it will transport a minimum of 550 passengers - will be assembled at the rate of one per week. To heat this extraordinary building project, with the highest comfort and the highest energy economy, the engineers have used the experience and technology of SABIANA hot water Radiant Panels. Building ARCHE Surface: m 2 S7X m DS Sabiana S5X m DS Sabiana S m DS Sabiana Building ESSAIS PISTE Surface: m 2 S m DS2-900 Sabiana Building ESSAIS STATIQUES Surface: m 2 S m DS2-900 Sabiana Installation examples Total m DS2 Sabiana = m 2 AEROSPATIALE TOULOUSE - NEW AIRBUS A380 PRODUCTION PLANT 12

13 Installation examples AEROSPATIALE TOULOUSE - NEW AIRBUS A380 PRODUCTION PLANT 13

14 Installation examples AEROSPATIALE TOULOUSE - NEW AIRBUS A380 PRODUCTION PLANT 14

15 Installation examples AEROSPATIALE TOULOUSE - NEW AIRBUS A380 PRODUCTION PLANT 15

16 General construction of a panel 1 - Threaded male connection (Ø 1/2-3/ /4 ) 2 - Water drain connection Ø 3/8 3 - Air vent connection Ø 3/8 4 - First or end header 5 - Steel pipe Ø 1/2 6 - Steel radiant panel 7 - Hanging bracket 8 - Insulation 9 - Side edging strip 10 - Insulation retaining clip 11 - Anti-convective side skirts (upon request) 12 - Skirt hook 13 - Belled end for welding 14 - Make-up joint 15 - Make-up joint between panel and header (upon request) 16

17 Technical specifications Radiant panels made up of: Quality steel radiant panel, 0.8 mm thick, cold formed by mechanical forming procedure. The 300, 600, 900 and 1200 mm wide panels in 6m and 4m lengths (3m and 5m upon request), have semicircular self-locking sockets, spaced 100 or 150 mm apart depending on the models, that are used to hold the pipes that carry the hot water. Steel pipes pressed into the semicircular sockets on the panel. Standard Version: panels fitted with 1.5mm thick pipes, outside diameter 1/2, made by electric welding from high-quality cold rolled steel strips. The pipes are electronically tested by the manufacturer. The standard version panels are suitable for operating pressures up to 10 bars and maximum hot water temperature up to 120 C. Special Version: panels fitted with 2.35mm thick seamless pipes (or with equivalent features), outside diameter 1/2, suitable for use in systems with operating pressures up to 16 bars and high temperature hot water temperatures from 120 C to 180 C. The pipes have belled ends at one side to ease the longitudinal connection of the strips with welding. Alternatively, the pipes can be supplied without belled ends for connections using pressfittings. Angle brackets for hanging the panel. First header and end header, made by connecting the various pipes in parallel into welded headers, factory welded and tested to the required operating pressure. Sized fibreglass insulation (thickness mm) protected at the top by aluminium sheet ( * ). Other thickness or configurations upon request. Side edging strips made from pre-painted plate sections, to retain the edges of the insulation ( * ). Pre-painted retaining clips (one each metre) to hold the insulation ( * ). Shaped and painted make-up joints, with fastening bars, to cover the joint areas ( * ). Protection with special phosphate de-greasing procedure and epoxy polyester coat, dried in a furnace at 180 C. Colour RAL 9002 (light grey) or RAL 9016 (white). Other RAL colours upon request. The treatment is not suitable for the outdoor installation of the radiant panels. Reaction to fire class: A1. Emission of the radiant surface = 0,96. The painting complies to the European Standard 76/769/EEC. ( *) with separate packaging. 17

18 Models and dimensions Modular widths Model DS3 - Ø 1/2 pipes spaced 100 mm. apart Model DS2 - Ø 1/2 pipes spaced 150 mm. apart 18

19 Models and dimensions Modular lengths First section Intermediate section Final section First section Intermediate section Final section Odd lengths are available on request. 19

20 Headers and connections Model B Connections 5-6 Model B Connections 7-8 Connection Connection Mod L Mod L Model D Model D + D Connection Connection Mod L A Mod L A D and D+D headers: Distance between the connections: mod. 03 = 200 mm mod. 06 = 500 mm mod. 09 = 800 mm mod. 12 = 1100 mm D and D+D headers are not suitable for high temperature hot water or steam. Header D should be used with hot water supply for strips up to 50 m (with slow and gradual opening of the water valve). For strips longer than 50 m a special D header is recommended, please contact Sabiana Technical Department. Weight and water content Water content l/m Volume l Type Standard Special 1 header DS2-03 DS2-06 DS2-09 DS2-12 DS3-03 DS3-06 DS3-09 DS3-12 Standard kg/m 4,6 9,2 13,8 18,4 5,6 11,2 16,8 22,4 Special kg/m 5,6 11,2 16,8 22,4 7,1 14,2 21,3 28,4 0,53 1,05 1,58 2,10 0,79 1,58 2,37 3,16 0,43 0,87 1,30 1,74 0,65 1,30 1,95 2,60 0,63 1,27 1,90 2,54 0,63 1,27 1,90 2,54 Weight kg Full header 1,9 3,7 5,1 6,5 2,1 3,9 5,3 6,7 20

21 Modularity Length modularity (nominal dimensions) Length and width modularity is a peculiar characteristic of the Duck Strip pre-fabricated radiant panels. Width modularity The basic intermediate panels, 300mm wide and 4 or 6m long, are joined in the factory to form strips of modular widths, mm. Further modules can be added to create wider intermediate strips in the following widths: mm (1 x 600mm strip and 1 x 900mm strip) mm (2 x 900mm strips) Length modularity By welding together a series of intermediate panels, in the standard lengths of 4 or 6m, and two end panels, again in the standard length, any multiple length of 2m can be obtained (starting from the minimum length of 4m). The following table shows the possible length compositions of the various standard elements. Table of length compositions of the first, intermediate and end panels (with standard 4 and 6m modules) Total length m Composition First section Intermediate section Final section 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 6 m 2 x 6 m 2 x 6 m 2 x 6 m 3 x 6 m 3 x 6 m 3 x 6 m 4 x 6 m 4 x 6 m 4 x 6 m 5 x 6 m 5 x 6 m 5 x 6 m 6 x 6 m 6 x 6 m 6 x 6 m 7 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 6 m 1 x 4 m N.B. For the composition of odd lengths, contact the Sabiana Technical Department. 21

22 Δtm (K) DS2-03 W/m DS2-06 W/m DS2-09 W/m DS2-12 W/m Δtm (K) DS3-03 W/m DS3-06 W/m DS3-09 W/m DS3-12 W/m Table of thermal emission for each meter of the different models of Duck Strip radiant panels in accordance to the European Standard EN Δtm = difference between the mean water temperature and the room temperature. Thermal emission of the panels

23 Δtm (K) DS2-03 W DS2-06 W DS2-09 W DS2-12 W Δtm (K) DS3-03 W DS3-06 W DS3-09 W DS3-12 W Table of thermal emission of a couple of headers of the different models in accordance to the European Standard EN Δtm = difference between the mean water temperature and the room temperature. Thermal emission of the headers

24 Thermal emission MOD. Rated emission (*) MOD. Rated emission (*) DS W/m DS W/m DS2-06 DS2-09 DS2-12 (*) Δtm = 55 K 289 W/m 406 W/m 543 W/m DS3-06 DS3-09 DS W/m 501 W/m 639 W/m Characteristic curves of the product taken from tests carried out as per the EN standard: Q = K (ΔTm) n Q = emission W/m K = heating coefficient of the unit ΔTm = difference between the mean water temperature and the room temperature n = heating exponent of the unit Values K and n for the radiant panels MOD. K n MOD. K n DS2-03 1,6346 1,147 DS3-03 1,7367 1,1771 DS2-06 2,8547 1,1519 DS3-06 3,0624 1,1786 DS2-09 3,924 1,1577 DS3-09 4,4192 1,1807 DS2-12 5,4315 1,1489 DS3-12 5,7425 1,1757 Values K and n for the headers MOD. K n MOD. K n DS2-03 0, ,2033 DS3-03 0, ,2221 DS2-06 1, ,2349 DS3-06 1, ,2196 DS2-09 2, ,2198 DS3-09 2, ,1849 DS2-12 2, ,2161 DS3-12 2, ,2237 The emission of the SABIANA Duck Strip radiant panels have been certified by the laboratory at the university of Stuttgart H.L.K. applying the harmonised European standard EN 14037, with the following report numbers: Model DS2-03 Rapport N DC203D Model DS2-06 Rapport N DC203D Model DS2-09 Rapport N DC203D Model DS2-12 Rapport N DC203D Model DS3-03 Rapport N DC203D Model DS3-06 Rapport N DC203D Model DS3-09 Rapport N DC203D Model DS3-12 Rapport N DC203D In compliance with the requirements of EN , Annex ZA, the heat outputs have been indicated in accordance with EN Subtracting 10% from the published values gives the heat outputs in accordance with EN For emission with steam supply contact the Sabiana Technical Department. EN STANDARD Ceiling radiant panels Maximum operating pressure: 10 bars 24

25 Characteristics of the insulation Description Mineral wool insulation treated with heat setting resins, coated on the outside face with 25 micron aluminium foil. Reaction to fire Class A1 according to EN standards Thickness Thermal conductivity according to UNI CTI 7745 and UNI FA 112 standard Density Resistance 30 mm 50 mm 0,037 W/mK 0,037 W/mK 14 kg/m 3 14 kg/m 3 0,81 m 2 K/W 1,35 m 2 K/W Technical specifications The totally inorganic nature of the mineral wool ensures the following characteristics: maintenance of the performance over time, resistance to parasites and rodents, not hygroscopic, rot-proof. 25

26 Correct spacing between the radiant panels Tests and practice have shown that an even distribution of radiant heat over a central area in a building (where the cooling effect of the walls can be considered as 0) is achieved when the distance between Duck Strip panels is the same or less than the height from the floor. For example when Duck Strip panels are installed at a height of 4m from the floor then the distance between the panels must be 4m or less to obtain the best heating coverage. Correct installation radiant panels Duck Strip Average surface temperature Duck Strip surface temperature C Mean water temperature C 26

27 27 Examples of installation

28 Examples of installation 28

29 Height of installation The Duck Strip radiant panels must be installed, based on the temperature of the hot water, as low as possible so as to reduce the loss of radiant heat due to the presence of dust in the air underneath the strips. Excepting the reduction in efficiency due to any micro-particles in suspension that may absorb a minimal part of the radiant emission, there are no limits to the height of installation. In fact, if the height of installation of a hypothetical radiant ceiling were moved upwards, the surface that radiates heat onto the people below would increase proportionally to the square of the height above such people, while the intensity of radiation received by the people and emitted by each unit of the radiant ceiling would decrease proportionally to the square of the distance from the people: based on these laws of physics, the total radiant heat received by the people thus remains constant. Vice-versa, there are limits in terms of the minimum height of installation of the radiant units, according to the average temperature values of the hot water. The minimum recommended values, for the two models DS 2 and DS 3, are shown in the table below, valid for the horizontal installation and in the case of people working in stationary positions. Lowest recommended height of installation (in m above the floor) Mean water temperature C DS DS2-06 DS DS2-12 DS3-03 DS3-06 DS DS

30 Version for pressfittings Upon request, the radiant panels can be supplied with straight pipes, without belling, so as to allow the panels to be joined by pressfittings, allowing quick and precise assembly and consequently savings in labour costs. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Maximum operating pressure: 10 bars Maximum operating temperature: 120 C 1. Linear connection 2. Pipes to be joined 3. O-Rings seals (EPDM) (indicative data to be checked with the pressfittings supplier) Water flow Lowest water flow (l/h) according to the header model and the return temperature HEADER B HEADER D Return temperature C DS2-03 DS2-06 DS2-09 DS DS3-03 DS3-06 DS3-09 DS

31 31 Examples of installation

32 Pressure drop STANDARD Version HEADER B Pressure drop in kpa for one meter of Duck Strip radiant panel (Tm 80 C) Water flow l/h CORRECTION FACTORS FOR MEAN WATER TEMPERATURE DIFFERENT FROM 80 C TEMPERATURE ( C) CORRECTION FACTOR (K)

33 Pressure drop STANDARD Version HEADER D Pressure drop in kpa for one meter of Duck Strip radiant panel (Tm 80 C) Water flow l/h CORRECTION FACTORS FOR MEAN WATER TEMPERATURE DIFFERENT FROM 80 C TEMPERATURE ( C) CORRECTION FACTOR (K)

34 Pressure drop SPECIAL Version HEADER B Pressure drop in kpa for one meter of Duck Strip radiant panel (Tm 80 C) Water flow l/h CORRECTION FACTORS FOR MEAN WATER TEMPERATURE DIFFERENT FROM 80 C TEMPERATURE ( C) CORRECTION FACTOR (K)

35 Pressure drop SPECIAL Version HEADER D Pressure drop in kpa for one meter of Duck Strip radiant panel (Tm 80 C) Water flow l/h CORRECTION FACTORS FOR MEAN WATER TEMPERATURE DIFFERENT FROM 80 C TEMPERATURE ( C) CORRECTION FACTOR (K)

36 Suspension Hanging installation The Duck Strip radiant panels can be suspended in various ways from the structures of the buildings. The illustrations in this catalogue show different examples of hanging installation. Hooking the suspensions into the special holes on the stiffening hanging brackets above the radiant panels, non-visible hanging installation is possible with a fixed and modular step of around 2 or 3m. For hanging installation with different steps, between 1 and 2.5m, the suspensions, rather than being fastened to the upper hanging brackets, must directly support the strip on the lower face of the panel. The suspensions are not supplied with the radiant panels, and must be provided by the customer. These can be made using threaded rods, chains or perforated brackets, and they must be adjustable and flexible. The length of the suspensions must be proportional to the total thermal expansion of the radiant panels: it must therefore consider both the maximum total length and the mean operating temperature of the hot water, so as to limit the angle of inclination of the suspensions to acceptable values. The minimum recommended lengths of the suspensions for the various lengths and various operating temperatures of the Duck Strip radiant panels are shown in the corresponding table. If the radiant panels need to be installed with shorter suspensions than the minimum length recommended in the table (for example, in the case of installation against the ceiling), rigid suspensions must be used, with a sliding horizontal support beam, as shown on the following page. Maximum length of the radiant panels 20 m 50 m 70 m 100 m Minimum length of the suspension Hot water average temperture Up to 100 C Up to 125 C Up to 150 C Up to 175 C 24 cm 35 cm 45 cm 60 cm 26 cm 40 cm 55 cm 75 cm 28 cm 50 cm 70 cm 95 cm 30 cm 60 cm 85 cm 120 cm Hanging brackets for 2 panels MOD. DS2-06 / DS3-06 MOD. DS2-09 / DS

37 Suspension Hanging brackets MOD. DS-03 DS-06 DS-09 DS-12 Kit 210 with hanger Kit 220 with steel clamp Kit 230 with rail Kit 250 with screw for wood Kit 251 with wedge anchor Hanging installation MOD. DS-03 DS-06 DS-09 Kit 310 with hanger > L Kit 320 with steel clamp > L L L Kit 330 with rail Kit 350 with wedge anchor Kit 351 with screw for wood > L > L > L L L L Hanging installation MOD. DS2-12 DS3-12 For the 1200mm wide radiant panels, the suspensions must be hooked to the hanging brackets at a distance of 734mm apart for the DS3-12, and 714mm for the DS2-12. Example of installation of the panels against the ceiling, using sliding rollers 37

38 Suspension Example of suspension between two hanging brackets MOD. DS2-03 DS3-03 DS2-06 DS3-06 Ø mm rods M10 Bolts MOD. DS2-09 DS3-09 DS2-12 DS3-12 Ø 3/4 pipe p Table of vertical bending f in accordance to the distance between two suspension points The table shows the maximum bending in mm between two suspension points at 2m and 3m. The models DS2-09, DS2-12, DS3-09 and DS3-12 can not be installed with suspensions distanced more than 2 m apart. BENDING f (mm) Model Distance 2 m Distance 3 m DS2-03 DS3-03 DS2-06 DS3-06 DS2-09 DS3-09 DS2-12 DS ,5 3,5 2 3,5 2 3,7 2,5 6,6 3, Avoid loading the radiant panels with a weight over three times the weight of the radiant panels themselves. - The maximum bending from the longitudinal axis of the 6m panels is 10mm. 38

39 Duck Skirt anti-convective side skirts Influence of the Duck Skirt anti-convective side skirts Adding the Duck Skirt anti-convective side skirts to the insulated horizontal radiant panels improves the ratio between radiant emission and total emission. In fact, the side skirt creates an effective obstacle to the convective draughts of the air in contact with the radiant surface, creating and maintaining a layer of still, hot air below the panel and thus preventing the surface from coming into contact and being cooled by the convective draught of cooler air. One typical case of installation of the skirts is the zone heating by localised radiation of working areas not limited by walls in wide industrial buildings, where the lower emission of convective heat favours the reduction of used heating power. Another typical case involves the installation of radiant panels inside corridors between high racks. In this case, the radiation is concentrated inside the corridor, limiting the heating of the items stocked on the shelves. Upper covers for gyms In case of installation of radiant panels inside gyms or sports centres, protective covers can be supplied on the upper part of the radiant panels, so as to avoid balls and the like from being trapped. 39

40 Finish and operating pressure Finish The Duck Strip radiant panels are delivered from the factory ready for assembly and installation, protected on the surface by epoxy powder paint, furnace dried at a temperature of 180 C, colours matt grey RAL 9002 or white RAL 9016, resistant to temperature changes. This coating, applied in the factory following degreasing and preparation of the surface, can resist temperatures of high temperature hot water up to 200 C. Normally it is not necessary to apply further coats of paint in addition to the standard coating, except for touching up the welding of the belled ends. In the event of repainting, never use metal-based paints (e.g. aluminium or bronze), as these will affect the radiating capacity of the radiant panels. Operating pressure and temperature The radiant panels are designed to operate with hot water temperatures of up to 120 C, in the case of the standard pipes, and up to 180 C in the case of the special pipes. The operating pressure is 10 bars in the case of the standard pipes and 16 bars in the case of the special seamless pipes. As regards sizing, it is always preferable to use hot water with the highest possible temperature, in accordance with the suggested lowest height of installation. Ordering procedure Order example: DS standard - 4 bars - pressfitting - 24m - Header B - 5/6 - diam. 1 - insulation 30mm - Ral 9016 When ordering the Duck Strip radiant panels from Sabiana S.p.A. the following data must be indicated: 1 Radiant panel model: DS2 or DS3. 2 Nominal width: 03 (300mm) - 06 (600mm) - 09 (900mm) - 12 (1200mm). 3 Model of the pipes: standard, with electric welded pipes, or special with seamless pipes, specifying the operating pressure and the type of pipe ends required. 4 Nominal length of the strips: for lengths up to 50m, refer to the corresponding table. 5 Model of the header: indicate the type of header required, B or D. 6 Position of the connections: specify the reference numbers for the supply and return connections, listed in the corresponding tables. 7 Diameter of the connections: threaded male diam. 1/2-3/ /4. 8 Insulation: specify the type of insulation. 9 Colour: the colour required, RAL 9016 white - RAL 9002 grey. Other RAL colours upon request with price supplement. 40

41 Assembly and installation procedure The installation of the Duck Strip radiant panels on site is simple and economical. The Duck Strip radiant panels are factory finished and they are ready to be installed and connected to the heating system pipes. The radiant panels are in fact supplied with first and final headers already assembled; the only operations required by the installer on-site are the connection of the pipes of the different panels and laying the insulation. The latter operation can be performed on the floor on the 4 and 6m sections, before lifting the strips to the height of installation, or alternatively may be performed on the full strip when already installed, after having completed the longitudinal connections and applied the make-up joints. The side edging strip that holds the insulation (or alternatively the Duck Skirt anti-convective skirt, where envisaged) must in any case be applied to the strip after laying the insulation, when the individual 4 or 6m sections are on the floor, or alternatively when they have already been raised to the height of installation. Apply the retaining clips and the side edging strips which keep the insulation perfectly in contact with the radiant panel also when raising the individual 4 or 6m sections. Gradient, air vents, water drains The radiant panels, having the pipes connected together in parallel using headers, must be installed as follows: The transversal axis, even in the case of horizontal installation, must have a slight upwards gradient towards the supply of the hot water. The longitudinal axis must have an upwards gradient towards the supply of the hot water. The hot water supply connection is therefore the highest point of the installation, so as to assist the air venting, while the return connection is always the lowest point, and can therefore be used for draining. The radiant panel supply pipes must be designed so as to absorb thermal expansions without affecting the heating elements. 41

42 Assembly and installation procedure 1 2 Lay the first, intermediate and final panels so as to form strips of the desired lengths. Lift the panels and hook the suspensions to the corresponding hanging brackets. Connect the panels by welding, making sure to leave a free space of 20cm. 3 Apply the make up joints, fix them with the supplied clips and fix the safety spring. 4 5 Lay the insulation and make a partial cut near the hanging brackets. Mount the edging strips at both sides in order to retain the insulation. 6 Mount the retaining clips every metre in length. The panel is completed. Note: The possibility to lift the panels when already welded together means that the operations described above can be completed on the floor, with a consequent reduction in assembly costs. 42

43 1 Assembly of the Duck Skirt side anti-convective skirts, complete with hooks and bolts 2 If the side skirts are supplied, the edging strips will not be supplied. Fasten the hooks to the hanging brackets using the screws supplied. Hook the skirts in the corresponding slots and mount the retaining clips. 3 Clips Insert the clips. 43

44 Accessories Duck Skirt side anti-convective skirts Cover panel with raised header Pipe make-up joint between the panel and the header Upper cover for gyms OTHER ACCESSORIES ON REQUEST 44

45 General recommendations for installation Temperature control The temperature control must guarantee a constant water flow to the radiant panels, so as to optimise the efficiency of the system, limit the expansion of the radiant panels and reduce the reaction times and swings in temperature control. The use of modulating 3-way mixing valves is recommended. Special attention needs to be paid to the choice of the mixing valve serving the heating panels and/or the speed at which the system water temperature changes. In fact, so as to avoid problems due to the different expansion of the pipes-panels, when starting from cold and when changing between the reduced temperature and the comfort temperature, the water outlet temperature can easily reach 45 C without limitation, as well as being able to increase from 45 C to 85 C with a gradient of 10 C each 3 minutes per heating panel fitted with header B, and a gradient of 10 C each 4 minutes for heating panels with header D. To ensure the design water flow in each radiant panel and balance the system, a compensated return can be used (three pipes, Tickelmann system) in the case that the radiant panels are all of the same model. If heating by zones or different models of radiant panels are envisaged, automatic flow-rate stabilisers should be used on the return of each radiant panel, or regulating valves. Water flow below the minimum values indicated in the table on p. 30 must be avoided, so as to keep a turbulent flow of the water. A laminar flow significantly reduces the heat exchange OUTSIDE SENSOR and therefore the emission of the radiant WITH SUPPLY TEMPERATURE CONTROL panels. The room temperature can be controlled using one or more black bulb probes, which measure the ambient temperature (arithmetic average between the air temperature and the mean radiant temperature). These values are sent to the temperature control, which, according to the outside temperature, determines the system supply temperature. As an example, the following diagrams show the control of a system with 1 zone or multiple zones. MULTI-ZONE SYSTEM Zone 1: 14 C Zone 2: 18 C Legend CP = Main control unit CZ = Zone control unit M = 3-way valve motor SD = Supply sensor SE = Outside sensor SR = Room sensor A = Supply R = Return 45

46 Installation and supply diagrams B HEADER COMPENSATED STRIPS B HEADER COUPLED STRIPS B HEADER STRIPS IN SERIES D HEADER COMPENSATED STRIPS 46

47 Installation and supply diagrams Installation with higher emission panels near the external walls with B and D compensated headers. D HEADER STRIPS IN SERIES D + D HEADERS Header D Header D+D Header D Header D+D Header D Header D+D Header D Header D+D 47

48 Air-conditioning systems with Duck Strip radiant panels Introduction Ambient comfort has become an essential requirement for human activity, and air-conditioning is now part of our everyday life in the home, the car and the office. Also in industrial, commercial and sporting environments the need to improve living and working conditions is the focus of ever more attention. This is not only for question of comfort, but also and above all for economic reasons and productivity. In fact, it has been demonstrated and it is easy to appreciate that environmental discomfort, with high temperature and humidity, significantly affect human productivity. Experimental data shows that in periods of unfavourable ambient conditions, productivity decreases significantly, even by 10 or 20%, according to the activity. Sabiana proposes an innovative air-conditioning system using the Duck Strip radiant panels. This system, thanks to the benefits offered in terms of comfort and low running and installation costs, is extremely interesting, with a quick return on the investment required (thanks to the considerable increase in productivity guaranteed by the improved living and working conditions). 48

49 Benefits of the Duck Strip cooling panels It is now well established that the best means for exchanging heat is radiation, as the human body can dissipate up to 50% of its thermal energy by radiation. All the benefits of heating using the Duck Strip radiant panels are also valid for the cooling version, when compared to a traditional air-conditioning system. Specifically, the benefits include: A) Environmental comfort A1) Higher air temperature for the same level of comfort A2) Lower air speed A3) Low noise A4) Hygiene B) Economic savings B1) Installation costs B2) Running costs 49

50 Benefits of the Duck Strip cooling panels A) Benefits in terms of environmental comfort A1) Higher air temperature for the same level of comfort The ambient temperature is the average between the temperature of the air and the temperature of the surrounding surfaces: Ambient = Ta + Ts 2 In summer, the required design temperature of 26 C can be obtained by: T. air 24 C and T. walls 28 C T. air 28 C and T. walls 24 C The thermal comfort achieved is the same, but an air temperature of 28 C is much more comfortable than an air temperature of 24 C. A2) Lower air speed Rather high air speeds are essential in traditional air-conditioning systems, so as to eliminate the heat of the human body: with these systems, normally 40% of the heat is eliminated by convection, 20% by radiation and 40% by perspiration. In radiant cooling systems, on the other hand, 50% of the heat is exchanged by radiation, 30% by convection and 20% by perspiration. In these systems, air movements are reduced to those required for fresh air intake and for humidity control, if required. A3) Low noise The system is completely silent, as there are no moving parts. A4) Hygiene As a result of the limited convective movement, the air is cleaner, as its capacity of picking up dust depends on its speed, with evident benefits in terms of hygiene and aesthetics. Traditional air-conditioning system Air-conditioning by radiation 28 C 24 C %UR 24 C 28 C %UR 28 C 28 C 33 C 29 C 24 C 24 C 32 C 28 C Perspiration 40 % Convection 40 % Radiation 20 % Condition of discomfort due to the lack of homogeneity of the body surface temperature caused by the cold air draughts. 24 C Perspiration 20 % Convection 30 % Radiation 50 % Condition of comfort thanks to the homogeneity of the body surface temperature. 50