Best one page overview (in German) of military satellite communications in the VHF/UHF range:
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- Wesley Glenn
- 7 years ago
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1 Military Satellite Communications relevant to ANITA-1 & -2 flights There s not a lot of public information on either the satellite specifications or their nominal use patterns beyond what has been learned by the amateur radio community. I ve collected the information that I could find into a couple of sections, a set of representative observations associated with satellites, frequency plans for the current generation US military satellite downlinks in the MHz range, and a long listing of frequencies observed tied to satellite without other information. ( MHz is reserved for military purposes in general use.) The military calls these frequencies UHF despite civilian definitions that typically make MHz be all VHF. With ANITA s limited frequency resolution for a CW broadcast, and the wide contamination of ANITA data with these signals, there s probably not a lot that can be done with this information due to the high number and density of transmitters. Had looked at this earlier, but wanted to save it for posterity in the elog. Best one page overview (in German) of military satellite communications in the VHF/UHF range: See also which covers more territory but in which it s difficult to determine what systems exist, have been deleted, or are merely planned. Official US satellite communications, with the exceptions of brief voice tests, are encrypted data streams. Plaintext voice communications on these frequencies are generally believed to be from pirate (as in pirate radio, not pirates ARRRR!) broadcasts mostly from Brazil. (Oddly enough.) Some of the Russian satellite relays emit a keyed-on CW for 0.5 seconds each minute, perhaps as a liveness indicator? Some of the HEO satellites are live only when over the Northern Hemisphere and some of the Russian ones appear to only be on when they are over Russian territory. A couple of transmitters on US satellites are noted as being externally controllable from ground stations in Southern Europe. Glossary: AFSATCOM: Air Force SATellite COMmunications CW: continuous wave, typically keyed on-off FLEETCOM: US Navy fleet communications HEO: highly eccentric orbit LEASAT: LEAsed SATellites, obsolete UHF system, turned off MILSTAR: US strategic communication system, mostly EHF. Protected for survivability in nuclear war. MUOS: Multiple User Objective System. Near future replacement for UFO. Digital modulation. PSK: Phase Shift Keying RTTY: radio teletype Satellite naming: Generally there are the following forms of the satellite name, the reporting name (the US names Russian launches COSMOS-nnnn), the type of satellite with serial number (MILSTAR-n, STRELA-n), launch year and launch number in the year (letter at the end is sub-satellite in a constellation), and by a five digit tracking code UFO: Here it s the Uhf Follow-On satellites. US radio relay satellites. 11 UHF amplifiers & 39 channels. Total solar system power design is 2500W. Channels are believed to be 40W (SHF powers are publicly reported, but not UHF.). 15 degree beams have been mentioned. This is a tactical system, compare to strategic MILSTAR though EHF was added to the most recent UFO models.
2 Frequency (MHz), Satellite Names, Satellite IDs, Description and other information available USA 125(SDS-2 F4) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 1 transmission USA 137 (SDS-3 F1) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 1 transmission USA 125 (SDS-2 F4) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 2 transmission USA 137 (SDS-3 F1) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 2 transmission USA 125 (SDS-2 F4) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 3 transmission -
3 USA 137 (SDS-3 F1) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 3 transmission USA 125 (SDS-2 F4) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 4 transmission USA 137 (SDS-3 F1) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 4 transmission USA 125(SDS-2 F4) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 5 transmission USA 137(SDS-3 F1) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 5 transmission -
4 USA 125 (SDS-2 F4) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 6 transmission USA 137(SDS-3 F1) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 6 transmission USA 125(SDS-2 F4) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 7 transmission USA 137(SDS-3 F1) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 7 transmission USA 125(SDS-2 F4) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 8 transmission -
5 USA 137(SDS-3 F1) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 8 transmission USA 125(SDS-2 F4) Military quick reaction comms Channel usually occupied by an unmodulated carrier AFSATCOM Channel 9 transmission , USA-137 and USA-125 were providing alternating coverage of the northern hemisphere from HEO - Second transmission frequency at MHz Oct 15, USA USA 137(SDS-3 F1) Military quick reaction comms Channel usually occupied by an unmodulated carrier AFSATCOM Channel 9 transmission , USA-137 and USA-125 were providing alternating coverage of the northern hemisphere from HEO - Second transmission frequency at MHz - Early in 2007, USA-137 but it was back on air early USA 125(SDS-2 F4) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 10 transmission -
6 USA 137(SDS-3 F1) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 10 transmission USA 125(SDS-2 F4) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 11 transmission USA 137(SDS-3 F1) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 11 transmission USA 125(SDS-2 F4) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 12 transmission -
7 USA 137(SDS-3 F1) Military quick reaction comms CW - RTTY-style data AFSATCOM Channel 12 transmission USA 99(Milstar 1) A USA Military communications from geosynchronous orbit Spread spectrum signal - +/- 64 khz from centre frequency Tentative identification (may be more than one satellite) in geosynchronous orbit, can be heard with relatively simple receiver/antenna setup - in CW mode, it sounds like trickling water! Cosmos 2353(Strela-3) B entry updated Mar Cosmos 2385(Strela-3) B entry updated Mar Gonets D1-8(Strela-3) E this is a Strela 3, NORAD has switched the identities of a Strela-3 and a Gonets from the same launch vehicle - entry updated 2009 Mar 8
8 Cosmos 2390(Strela-3) A entry updated Mar Cosmos 2391(Strela-3) B entry updated Mar Cosmos 2400(Strela-3) A entry updated Mar Cosmos 2401(Strela-3) B entry updated Mar Cosmos 2437(Strela-3) B entry updated Mar 8
9 Cosmos 2438(Strela-3) C entry updated Mar Cosmos 2439(Strela-3) D noted 2009 early March but not active mid-july USA 162(SDS-3 F5) A US intelligence-related satellite near 144 west longitude, possibly including communications AM khz data tone One of a triplet of reported frequencies carrying similar signals from satellite in geosynchronous orbit, exact frequency not known - also reported to transmit at , , MHz and MHz USA 76(NOSS 2-2) D US Military ocean surveillance CW carrier detectable at MHz then a series weaker carriers up and down from this frequency at 9.6 khz intervals between approximate limits of and MHz Navy Ocean Surveillance System, transmission is probably from a secondary payload - Transmission intermittent - First reported 2005 September then went into a period of silence - (the listed satellite is one of a cluster) USA 122(NOSS 2-3) D US Military ocean surveillance AM khz data tone Navy Ocean Surveillance System, transmission is probably from a secondary payload and is on for extended periods - no reports of any switch on/off activity - (the listed satellite is one of a cluster)
10 USA 198(SDS-3 F5) A US intelligence-related satellite - possibly including communications AM khz data tone plus various test modes One of a pair of transmissions from a secondary payload on US classified satellite in HEO used during the test phase of the satellite up until 2008 March 13 - on March 14, USA-198 switched to its operational frequencies at MHz and MHz, sharing duties with USA Test transmission also at MHz, plus transmitter at MHz USA 155(SDS-3 F2) A US intelligence-related satellite near 10 west longitude, possibly including communications AM khz data tone One of a triplet of similar of transmissions from a secondary payload on a US classified satellite in GEO, signal appears to be continuous and is similar to ones from USA Also transmits at MHz, MHz, MHz and MHz USA 179(SDS-3 F4) A US intelligence-related satellite, possibly including communications AM khz data tone One of a pair of transmissions from a secondary payload on US classified satellite in HEO - Switched on and off to co-ordinate coverage with USA Prior to 2008 Mar 14, USA-179 was operating alone and was providing near 8 hours' coverage per pass at this frequency - Also transmits at MHz and MHz USA 198(SDS-3 F5) A US intelligence-related satellite, possibly including communications AM khz data tone One of a pair of transmissions from a secondary payload on US classified satellite in HEO - Switched on and off to co-ordinate coverage with USA Also transmits at MHz and MHz
11 USA 155(SDS-3 F2) A US intelligence-related satellite near 10 west longitude, possibly including communications AM - high speed (19.2 kb/s?) data transmission Transmissions from a secondary payload on a US classified satellite in GEO, signal appears to be continuous - Also transmits at MHz, MHz, MHz and MHz USA 179(SDS-3 F4) A US intelligence-related satellite - possibly including communications AM khz data tone One of a pair of transmissions from a secondary payload on US classified satellite in HEO - Switched on and off to co-ordinate coverage with USA Prior to 2008 Mar 14, USA-179 was operating alone and was providing near 8 hours' coverage per pass at this frequency - Also transmits at MHz and MHz USA 198(SDS-3 F5) A US intelligence-related satellite - possibly including communications AM khz data tone One of a pair of transmissions from a secondary payload on US classified satellite in HEO - Switched on and off to co-ordinate coverage with USA Also transmits at MHz and MHz USA 162(SDS-3 F5) A US intelligence-related satellite near 144 west longitude, possibly including communications AM khz data tone One of a triplet of reported frequencies carrying similar signals from satellite in geosynchronous orbit, exact frequency not known - also reported to transmit at , , MHz and MHz
12 USA 81(Singleton 3) A Electronic Intelligence Gathering similar to USA-32 AM - data plus modulated tones at 4.8 and 9.6 khz European observations indicates that it is switched on and off on command from ground stations in Italy and Spain - also transmits at MHz and MHz, no longer active USA 155(SDS-3 F2) A US intelligence-related satellite near 10 west longitude, possibly including communications AM khz data tone One of a triplet of similar of transmissions from a secondary payload on a US classified satellite in GEO, signal appears to be continuous and is similar to ones from USA Also transmits at MHz, MHz, MHz and MHz USA 198(SDS-3 F5) A US intelligence-related satellite - possibly including communications AM khz data tone plus various test modes One of a pair of transmissions from a secondary payload on US classified satellite in HEO used during the test phase of the satellite up until 2008 March 13 - on March 14, USA-198 switched to its operational frequencies at MHz and MHz, sharing duties with USA Test transmission also at MHz, plus transmitter also at MHz STS ISS Crew/payload transport AM voice Detected over Europe occasionally prior to Shuttle re-entry from ISS operations, and with voice during the orbital injection phase from Kennedy SC to Europe - also transmits at MHz Cosmos 2439(Strela-3) D Store-dump comms (military) FM - mutiple sideband, data bursts of up to 40s at irregular intervals, mainly when overhead Russia Data burst is probably a reaction to an uplink message, also transmits at MHz - entry updated 2009 Mar 8
13 USA 162(SDS-3 F5) A US intelligence-related satellite near 144 west longitude, possibly including communications AM - high speed (19.2 kb/s?) data transmission Reported frequency for a satellite in geosynchronous orbit, exact frequency not known - also reported to transmit at MHz, , MHz and MHz Gonets D1-3(Gonets-D1) C Store-dump comms FM - mutiple sideband, 0.5s trigger signal every minute plus occasional data bursts Has been reported on other frequencies in the past - entry updated 2009 Mar USA 162(SDS-3 F5) A US intelligence-related satellite near 144 west longitude, possibly including communications AM khz data tone One of a triplet of reported frequencies carrying similar signals from satellite in geosynchronous orbit, exact frequency not known - also reported to transmit at MHz, MHz, MHz and MHz USA 155 (SDS-3 F2) A US intelligence-related satellite near 10 west longitude, possibly including communications AM khz data tone One of a triplet of similar of transmissions from a secondary payload on a US classified satellite in GEO, signal appears to be continuous and is similar to ones from USA Also transmits at MHz, MHz, MHz and MHz
14 Ultra High Frequency Follow On (UFO) Satellites These are the primary US uplink->downlink relay satellites. November/Oscar/Papa/Quebec Frequency Bandplans-Downlinks Channel No Bandwidth November Oscar Papa Quebec Channel 1 (25 khz) Channel 2 (25 khz) Channel 3 (25 khz) Channel 4 (25 khz) Channel 5 (25 khz) Channel 6 (25 khz) Channel 7 (25 khz) Channel 8 (25 khz) Channel 9 (25 khz) Channel 10 (25 khz) Channel 11 (25 khz) Channel 12 (25 khz) Channel 13 (25 khz) Channel 14 (25 khz) Channel 15 (25 khz) Channel 16 (25 khz) Channel 17 (25 khz) Channel 18 (25 khz) Channel 19 (5 khz) Channel 20 (5 khz) Channel 21 (5 khz) Channel 22 (5 khz) Channel 23 (5 khz) Channel 24 (5 khz) Channel 25 (5 khz) Channel 26 (5 khz) Channel 27 (5 khz) Channel 28 (5 khz) Channel 29 (5 khz) Channel 30 (5 khz) Channel 31 (5 khz) Channel 32 (5 khz) Channel 33 (5 khz) Channel 34 (5 khz) Channel 35 (5 khz) Channel 36 (5 khz) Channel 37 (5 khz) Channel 38 (5 khz) Channel 39 (5 khz) Channel 40 (5 khz) Note: Channel 1 is the U.S. Navy multichannel fleet broadcast channel. Channels 2-18 are fleet relay channels. Channels are narrowband AFSATCOM channels.
15 Amateur radio observations of Military Satellite Communications: Frequency Bandwidth Satellite Name Satellite position KHz Milstar East KHz Milstar DFS West KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz Fltsatcom West KHz Fltsatcom West KHz Fltsatcom West KHz Fltsatcom West KHz UFO West KHz Fltsatcom West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz ComsatBW East KHz Skynet 5A 1.0 West KHz Skynet 5C 17.9 West KHz Skynet 5B 53.0 East KHz ComsatBW East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO East KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz Skynet 5B 53.0 East KHz Skynet 5B 53.0 East
16 KHz Skynet 5B 53.0 East KHz Skynet 5A 1.0 West KHz Skynet 5B 53.0 East KHz Skynet 5C 17.9 West KHz Skynet 5B 53.0 East KHz Skynet 5A 1.0 West KHz Skynet 5C 17.9 West KHz Skynet 5A 1.0 West KHz Skynet 5C 17.9 West KHz Skynet 5C 17.9 West KHz Skynet 5B 53.0 East KHz Skynet 5C 17.9 West KHz Skynet 5A 1.0 West KHz Skynet 5B 53.0 East KHz Skynet 5A 1.0 West KHz Fltsatcom West PSK SDS 3-F West PSK HEO KHz ComsatBW East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West KHz Fltsatcom West KHz Sicral East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West KHz Skynet 4D/4F 34.0 West KHz UFO West KHz Skynet 5A 1.0 West KHz Nato 4B 35.4 East KHz Skynet 5B 53.0 East KHz Skynet 4D/4F 34.0 West KHz Skynet 4E 53.1 East KHz Skynet 5C 17.9 West KHz Skynet 5B 53.0 East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West KHz ComsatBW East KHz Fltsatcom West PSK HEO KHz Skynet 5C 17.9 West KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West
17 KHz UFO-10/ East KHz Fltsatcom West KHz Skynet 4D/4F 34.0 West KHz Nato 4B 35.4 East KHz Skynet 4D/4F 34.0 West KHz Skynet 4E 53.1 East KHz Skynet 5A 1.0 West KHz Skynet 5B 53.0 East KHz Sicral East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West KHz Fltsatcom West PSK SDS 3-F West KHz ComsatBW East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz Skynet 5C 17.9 West KHz Skynet 5A 1.0 West KHz Fltsatcom West KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO West KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz Skynet 5B 53.0 East PSK SDS 3-F West KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East
18 KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West KHz UFO-10/ East KHz Fltsatcom West KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West KHz UFO West KHz Sicral East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz Sicral 1b 11.8 East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West PSK SDS 3-F West KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO East KHz UFO-10/ East KHz UFO West KHz UFO West
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